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Author(s):
Sanni Eshovo Blessing, Umoru Titi Abdulasisi, Sule Tunde Usman Nurudeen , Yusuf Inusa.
Page No : 1-9
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Heavy Metal Pollution Potential in Soils Around a Refuse Dumpsite Located in Jattu, Edo State, Nigeria
Abstract
The concentration of the heavy metals, Copper, Chromium, Lead, Nickel and Cadmium was determined using the Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). This was to ascertain the level of their contributory pollution effect on the soils around a refuse dumpsite located in Jattu, Etsako west local government area of Edo state, Southern Nigeria. Samples were obtained at the centre of the dumpsite and at lateral intervals of 50meters, and 100meters away from the centre of the dumpsite in the North, East and West directions and at 0-15cm and 15-30cm vertical intervals at each of the sampled points. The results obtained were subjected to a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistical treatment at P Cu > Pb > Cr > Cd. Concentration values for copper ranged between 0.70mg/kg and 1.78mg/kg, while values for chromium were between 0.11mg/kg and 0.42mg/kg. Recorded value for lead was between 0.08mg/kg and 0.90mg/kg in the study area. Also, Nickel had a concentration value of between 3.76mg/kg and 8.54mg/kg and Cadmium concentration value ranged from 0.07mg/kg to 0.19mg/kg. In Comparism of the heavy metals concentrations from this study with the Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR) target and intervention values (2002) guideline, all the concentration values obtained in this study were below the target and intervention values of the Department of Petroleum Resources guideline. Results from the Analysis of variance and the correlation analysis both suggests that the metals are not site dependent and are therefore of similar origin. Results for the relative pollution potential of the investigated heavy metals gave positive values for all the metals at all sampled points, indicating that the soils were contaminated at the point of impact, which is at the dumpsite.
| 2 |
Author(s):
A. A. Alawode, G. O. Adunoye, L. O. Obitayo , A. O. Omisakin.
Page No : 10-20
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Assessment of Bearing Capacity of Soils in Ile-Ife
Abstract
In foundation design, there is the need to determine the bearing capacity of the underlying soil on which the foundations will be laid. This study therefore investigated the bearing capacity of selected soils in Ile-Ife, Osun State, Southwestern Nigeria. This was with a view to assessing the suitability of the soils as foundation materials. Twenty soil samples were collected from identified twenty construction sites within the study area. Preliminary and engineering properties tests such as natural moisture content, particle size analysis, specific gravity, Atterberg limits, compaction and triaxial were conducted on the soil samples. Shear strength parameters were determined from the results of the triaxial test, and the parameters were subsequently imputed into the Terzaghi’s bearing capacity equations to obtain the bearing capacity of the soils. Results showed that, 80 % of the soil samples fell into A-2-7, using American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) classification. Using Unified Soil Classification System (USCS), 70 % of the soil samples were well-graded sand (SW). For strip footings, the bearing capacity values ranged from 83.15 kN/m2 to 2697.08 kN/m2; for circular footings, the values ranged from 105.14 kN/m2 to 2791.83 kN/m2; and for square footings, the values ranged from 105.20 kN/m2 to 2932.06 kN/m2. It was concluded that all the samples were c-ϕ soils, and they could be described as excellent to good foundation materials.
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Author(s):
Akinnuoye Akinwumi Gentle, Salawu Qudus Omogbolahan, James Oluwatosin Godwin.
Page No : 21-27
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Characterization of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles using UV-Visible and FTIR Spectroscopy
Abstract
This study reports the biosynthesis of Chromoleana odorata mediated silver nanoparticles (AgNps) under ambient temperature. The biosynthesized nanoparticle was characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The AgNp solution produced a shade of colours from yellow through brown to dark brown within a period of 10 minutes with a maximum absorbance at 444.50 nm. The FTIR showed strong peaks at 3423.76 cm-1 and 1629.90 cm-1, indicating that proteins acted as the capping and stabilization molecules in the biotransformation process of silver AgNps. The scanning electron microscope revealed that the Chromoleana odorata mediated AgNps are slightly spherical.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Ahmed Alafy Alex, Davuram Francis Dommun, Dimas Kubmarawa, James Onyeka Okechukwu, Emmanuel Ifeanyi Victor.
Page No : 28-37
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Antioxidant Activities and Phytochemical Screening Of Peanut (Arachis hypogea) Leaves
Abstract
Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of the crude ethanolic and essential oil extract of Arachis hypogea was determined using standard methods. Fresh leaves of Arachis hypogea was extracted using modified steam distillation. Phytochemical screening of the ethanolic, n-hexane, ethyl acetate and aqueous crude extracts were carried out and the results revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, phytosteroids, steroids, phenols, anthraquinones, carbohydrates, and tannins in all the extracts, except for the aqueous extract where glycosides, phytosterols, steroids, phenols and anthraquinones were found to be absent. The antioxidant activity of the essential oil of Arachis hypogea was screened using DPPH method in comparison to ascorbic acid as standard and the IC50 values for the plant's crude ethanolic extract was found to be 0.462 for Arachis hypogea and 0.428 for ascorbic acid, while the IC50 values obtained for essential oil was 0.428 for ascorbic acid but absent in Arachis hypogea. Arachis hypogea oil was also analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) and 15 compounds were obtained and identified. The main compounds are; 4,7-dimethyl-1H-isoindol-1,3-yl methyl ether (37.14%), tetradecanoic acid (21.98%), cyclohexanol (4.21%), O-phenylaniline (3.69%), amongst others. These results, support the plant's use in the traditional treatment of chronic diarrhoea, fever, diabetes, kidney and bladder diseases, e.t.c. Hence, this suggest its usage in the formulation of new antioxidant and antibacterial drugs.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Banjoko Oluwole Adebayo, Olojede Oluwaseun Kayode, Adebanjo Abdulazeez Adedapo, Adegbite Ayoade Azeez, Oludaniels Adebukonla Mama.
Page No : 38-46
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Educational Impact of COVID-19 on Selected Students in Ogun State College of Health Technology Ilese-Ijebu
Abstract
COVID-19 a global pandemic affecting all socio-economic aspects of most countries with the imposed lockdown by governments of these countries. The lockdown has halted all educational activities at all levels within Nigeria. The study intends to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the education of selected students in Ogun State College of Health Technology, Ilese Ijebu. The study adopted a quantitative research method where a self-structured questionnaire was administered through google form to the students of the departments of dental therapy, medical imaging, pharmacy technician and, dental surgery technician. From the 350 responses gathered, it was observed that COVID-19 has harmed the learning of the students and the use of online classes to argument this is currently not working considering the many challenges involved. The Government should, therefore, improve the technology available to keep students learning while at home.
| 6 |
Author(s):
Adu A.A., Aderinola O.J., Mekuleyi G.O.
Page No : 47-55
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Comparative Analysis of Heavy Metals in Talinum triangulare (Water Leaf) Grown in Industrial, Residential and Commercial Area of Lagos State, Nigeria
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the concentration of heavy metals (copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cu) and iron (Fe)) in Talinum triangulare (water leaf plant) and soil collected from commercial, residential, and industrial sites of Lagos State. The heavy metals present in water leaf and soil were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma–Optical Emission Spectrometer (Agillent 710 Axial). The results showed that Zn, Mg, Pb, Fe, Cr, Cu from all sites were within the safe limit. However, calcium in Talinum triangulare was detected highest in commercial site (2971.850±116.319 mg/kg) and least in residential site (1416.05±40.659 mg/kg). Cadmium concentration was highest in industrial site (0.58±0.33 mg/kg) and least in residential and commercial (0.50±0.00 mg/kg). Calcium in all the sites was beyond the WHO/FAO, and Food and Nutrition recommended dietary intake of 1000 mg/kg. Enrichment factor (EF) showed moderate enrichments of all metals (except Cr and Cu) in the soil across the sites. EF of Cr and Cu respectively at industrial site were significant and extremely high. The Igeo value of Ca (2.52) at Commercial site indicated moderate contamination, Igeo values of Mg (3.82,3.61) at Industrial and residential sites implied heavily contaminated while the Igeo values of Ca (4.58, 5.01) from industrial and residential sites indicated extremely contaminated. The Water leaf plants from all the sites are still safe for consumption but high calcium contamination in the vegetable could cause health problem. However, water leaf plants from these sites can be suggested in conditions of calcium deficiencies.
| 7 |
Author(s):
Olukayode Oluwakemi Omolara, Banjoko Oluwole Adebayo , Ogunfolu Ibrahim Abidemi.
Page No : 56-69
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Leachate Characteristics and Impact on Groundwater Quality Underlain the Municipal Dumpsite in Ikoto, Ogun, Southwestern Nigeria
Abstract
Leachates by percolating through landfill liners and porous subsoil can cause groundwater pollution and adverse effects on public health depending on the chemical and biological composition of the leachate pollutants. Physico-chemical and bacteriological characteristics of leachate and water samples in/and around the Ikoto Municipal dumpsite, Ogun Southwestern Nigeria were assessed and compared to check for the impact of landfill leachate pollutants on the groundwater quality of the area. Twenty-five (25) leachate samples on the dumpsite and Ten (10) water samples around the dumpsite were collected and analysed following standard procedures. The results when compared showed that some tested parameters (with CO32- having highest mean concentrations of 1509.7mg/L and 32.90mg/L in leachate and water sample respectively) were present in both samples at close concentration range thus indicating contamination of the groundwater by leachate percolation; thus, rendering the water unhygienic and unfit for consumption and domestic use without treatments.
| 8 |
Author(s):
Nweke I.A., Nnabude P.C., Ekwealor K. U., Igwe A. C., Anochie C..
Page No : 70-81
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Fertility Reclamation of Degraded Watershed Ecosystem
Abstract
Clearing of vegetation decreases the watersheds capacity to capture moisture thereby increasing the amount of run-off and destabilizes the stream banks. Fertility reclamation efficiency of three contrasting manures on degraded watershed using amaranthus as test crop were evaluated in field and pot experiments conducted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) and randomized complete design (CRD) respectively. The details of treatments are; compost and poultry manure of 0tha-1; 10tha-1; 20tha-1; 30tha-1 respectively and NPK fertilizer 15: 15: 15 at 150kgha-1, with three replications. The findings from the study showed that fertility reclamation with different rates (10tha-1, 20tha-1 and 30tha-1) of compost and poultry manure and 150kgha-1 of NPK was very positive that resulted in significant increase in the growth and yield parameters of amaranthus. However, the best performance was more observed in three rates of poultry manure with highest in 30tha-1. In slope 1 and 2 of the degraded watershed, compost at 10tha-1 produced non- significant increase in plant growth while in slope 3 and 4 compost at 20tha-1 and 30tha-1 produced increases in leaf area, fresh weight and dry weight of amaranthus respectively compared to the control plot. The amendment of the degraded watershed with NPK produced non-significant effect in growth parameter of amaranthus in slope 1, but higher productivity of amaranthus with NPK amendment was recorded in slope 2, 3 and 4 of the degraded watersheds. This study has been able to show that a well-managed watershed will encourage agriculture on a sustainable basis and promote water conservation.
