| 1 |
Author(s):
Adeleke Olumide Ogunnoiki, Ademola Adefisayo Adeyemi.
Page No : 1-21
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North Korea’s Nuclear Weapons and Missiles Programme: A Thorny Issue in United States Foreign Policy
Abstract
North Korea, a diminutive state geographically located in the North East Asian (NEA) sub-region, has for decades been secretly developing its nuclear weapons and missiles programme which began during the Cold War era. Constituting a threat to regional/international peace and stability, the United States over the years has pursued a foreign policy aimed at getting Pyongyang to freeze or dismantle its nuclear and missile programmes. But isolated North Korea, in defiance to international sanctions and pressure, has conducted several nuclear weapon and ballistic missile tests, thus escalating tension on the Korean Peninsula in particular and the NEA sub-region at large. This paper critically examines North Korea’s nuclear weapons and missiles programme from 1956 to 2019 and how such a programme has been a thorny issue in U.S. foreign policy. For this study, the historical approach was adopted and the qualitative method of secondary data collection. This paper concluded that time is not on the side of America. If the U.S. eventually fails in the nearest future to diplomatically resolve the problematic nuclear and missile programmes of North Korea, it will be left with no other choice than to recognise North Korea as a de facto nuclear-armed state in a world where the 1968 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) ought to be enforced, especially by the U.S.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Ramadan Ahmed Almijrab.
Page No : 22-30
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Strategies Used in Translating English Taboo Expressions into Arabic
Abstract
Untranslatability, or translation fails, takes place when it is impossible to build functionally relevant features of the situation into the contextual meaning of the target language text. Scholars in the field of translation studies distinguish between linguistic and cultural untranslatability: linguistic untranslatability is the failure to find a target language equivalent of the source language item. This translation void is due entirely to the differences between the two languages in question in our case English and Arabic. For cultural untranslatability what appears to be a quite different problem arises, however, when a situational feature, functionally relevant for the source language text, is completely absent in the culture of which the target language is a part. Taboo, on the other hand, can be defined as a cultural or religious custom that forbids people to do, touch, use or talk about a certain thing. Differences between cultures may cause more severe complications for the translator than do differences in language structure. Drawing on the actual translation between English as a lingua franca and a religiously oriented language like Arabic, this paper examines cultural untranslatability especially when dealing with taboo words and expressions. The paper also suggests certain strategies to be adopted when translating English taboo words into Arabic.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Temitope Francis Abiodun (Ph.D), Opatoki Oluwatosin Omolayo, Adeyemo Damilola Tomisin, Obi Collins Chinedu.
Page No : 31-43
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Assessment of Boko Haram Insurgents’ Threats to Educational Development in the Northeast Nigeria: The Way Forward
Abstract
One of the main obstacles to sustenance of stable educational system and policies in the Northeast, Nigeria is insurgent attacks on school activities in the region. The Boko Haram, whose name in Hausa, the dominant language in northern Nigeria, means “Western education is forbidden”, has targeted and killed teachers, education workers and students. The brutal insurgency has affected every strata of life in the region, particularly education. Educational activities in the region are exposed to threats and attacks as a result of lack intelligence gathering, government security forces’ use of schools for military purposes which places schools at risk of attack; failure on the part of government to adequately protect schools coupled with the in conducive learning environment the students are exposed to. However, high level of corruption and degree of “politics” in the activities of Nigerian Army constitute parts of the various factors leading to security risks bedeviling educational activities in the region. This study interrogates the threats posed by insurgent attacks on schools and learning activities in the Northeast Nigeria; and assesses the concerted efforts of the Nigerian government, private and religious organizations in combating the menace with a plan to proffer solutions to the disheartening phenomenon. The study concludes that, government security forces’ use of schools for military purposes which places schools at risk of attack; failure on the part of government to adequately protect schools; in conducive learning environment for students, insecurity, failure of government to provide basic necessities of life and corruption stand as a cog in the wheel to appreciable efforts at arresting the menace. It also submits that there is need for collaborative efforts of state and federal governments, Nigerian Army and Police Force and national assembly and state assemblies in the region to solve the problem.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Temitope Francis Abiodun (Ph.D), Owoyemi Emmanuel Ademola, Obi Collins Chinedu, Oluwajuyigbe Oluwapamilerin Victoria.
Page No : 44-55
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Towards the Peaceful University Campuses in Nigeria: Urgent call for Strategically-Trained and Professional Security Officers
Abstract
Maintenance of campus security situations in Nigerian universities today has remained a major challenge to higher education administrators for decades. Security threats to our various university campuses are either from internal or external forces as the incessant occurrence of the menace has conspicuously exposed the incompetence of existing security officers in our various universities. However, poor management, cult killings, students’ riots, gang-raping, student-staff impasse, terrorism, kidnapping for ransom, religious crises, student’s invasion from other schools, assassinations, holding lecturers/university staff hostage, stealing and armed robbery among others constitute the challenging insecurity in Nigerian universities. The study examines the various security threats bedeviling the peaceful learning process and smooth administration of universities; assesses the concerted efforts of the university managements and security operatives in combating the menace. The study concludes that, lack of adequate intelligence gathering, incompetence on the part of university security officers, corruption, senility and negligence of duty and lack of strategic security training among others remain the factors hindering the total arrest of the menace in the various university campuses. It also requests the need for security tips from members of staff; continual strategic and tactical training to be conducted, adequate security intelligence gathering by the university security officers, to halt the menace.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Buhari Lateef Oluwafemi (Ph.D).
Page No : 56-67
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A Historical Review of The Nigeria Police Force’s Involvement in Some Selected United Nations Peacekeeping Missions in Africa
Abstract
It is posited that there has been a great change in various forms of global conflict and in the rapid international community response to them. Humanitarian and human right principles have strongly been invoked to justify the uses of force in both internal and interstate war. It is also certain that in the last decade, numerous conflicts were settled by means of negotiations, vis a vis. The Nigerian police force is a security system of the Nigerian nation established to combat crimes at all levels as well as to ensure the security of lives and properties of the citizenry. However, the position of Nigeria in the West African sub-region, (big brother) has propelled government to involve the security outfits in settling regional conflicts and peace keeping activities. Despite their flaws and weaknesses, they, however, had reasonable impacts on the development and growth of the West African sub-region. This research however examines the various roles, contributions and challenges of the Nigerian Police Force in some selected peace keeping missions in a bid to maintain a good neighbourliness policy. The research relied on both primary and secondary sources of data with a thorough usage of analytical and descriptive methods of analyses.
