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Author(s):
Kabeh J.D., Balogun K..
Page No : 1-12
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Biorational Management of Flea Beetles. Podagrica spp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and yield response of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) (L.) Moench.) In the Southern Guinea Savanna
Abstract
This experiments conducted in 2019, to evaluate yield response of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus, (L.) Moench) to attractiveness of colour sticky traps in relation to other population sampling methods and bio-pesticidal effects of Aqueous delonix seed extract on the flea beetles, Podagrica Spp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in the Southern Guinea Savanna zone of Nigeria. Experimental design uses six coloured sticky traps as treatments in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and replicated three times. The design for efficacies of Bio-pesticides also in RCBD had four replications and five application rates, including a positive check and zero control as treatments. Yellow colour traps gave higher mean Podagrica Spp., catches but damage was higher in the white and purple traps, indicating other contributive factors affecting beetles feeding on Okra fruits. Higher precision was observed in hitting methods, when combined with colour reflectance. Yield of Okra fruits was optimum in all treatments, being higher in purple and least in white traps plants. Heavier fruits and least yield losses were in the least infected navy-blue treated plots. Agronomic performance was better in bio-pesticide treated Okra plants, but were not significant across different application rates with 57.30cm2 peak leave area at 20g/l, while mean fruit yield of 1007.00 was recorded at 15g/l Aqueous delonix seed application rate. Control had lowest mean fruit yield (780.00) with the highest fruits damage (11.33) per plot but heavier fruits recorded in the treated plants at 30g/l (66.75kg) over Cypermethrin (61.05kg). Pest population census showed significant (P < 0.05) decrease with increased application rates of the bio-pesticides. Hitting as sampling method was superior over sweep netting and was significantly different (P < 0.05) across the bio-pesticides application rates.
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Author(s):
Hamisu Almu, Abdulkadir Nasiru Ahmad, Adamu Uzaifa Karfi, Sani Abdulkadir, Aminu Muhammad Ali, Ahmad Umar Bello, Adam Ibrahim Abdullahi.
Page No : 13-25
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Variance Components of Some Quantitative Characters in 16 Varieties of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) influenced by Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels
Abstract
Heritability and phenotypic estimates of some quantitative traits and its influence on different nitrogen fertilizer levels give the room for recombinants which become a prerequisite for any breeding study. Genetic variation in quantitative traits for the development of a new variety of crop plant with different nitrogen fertilizer levels. Based on this background, the study was conducted in order to evaluate the quantitative traits from advanced blast-resistant rice varieties in order to establish relationship between yield and yield components using genetic variances. To achieve this objective, two field studies were carried out in Malaysia during the cropping season 2017/2018. Sixteen advanced blast-resistant rice genotypes were studied in order to find out phenotypic correlation and heritability in some quantitative characters to determine the effect of various levels of Nitrogen fertilizer. The field experiment was conducted in a split-plot design replicated three times in a plot of 35 × 28.5 m2. The planting distance was 25 × 25 cm and the plot size was 2 × 1.5 m2 unit for genotype in each replication. There was a highly significant variation among the genotypes in response to nitrogen levels, high PCV, GCV, heritability, relative distance and genetic advance which indicated that different quantitative traits especially tonnes per hectare (Tha), grain weight per plot (GWTPP) and kilogram per plot (kgplot) significantly influence the yield trait. Similarly, high heritability (>60%) was observed indicating the substantial effect of additive genes more than the environmental effect. Yield per plant showed strong to low positive correlations (? = 0.99 - 0.09) at phenotypic level for grain weight per plot (GWTPP), number of tillers per hill (NTH), number of panicle per hill (NPH) and kilogram per plot (kg/plot).
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Author(s):
Almu H..
Page No : 26-35
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Potassium Distribution in Surface Soils of Kust Teaching, Research and Commercial Farm, Gaya, Kano State
Abstract
A study was conducted on the distribution of potassium in the surface soil of Kano University of Science and Technology teaching, research and commercial farm, Gaya during 2018/2019 session. The contents of different forms of potassium were observed. Water soluble, exchangeable, non-exchangeable, mineral and total potassium were determined in surface soil (0–15cm) in KUST teaching, research and commercial farm, Gaya. The results showed that the average values for water soluble K, exchangeable K, non-exchangeable K, mineral K and total K were: 0.14, 0.18, 0.35, 1.36 and 3.92 Cmol/Kg soil respectively. The values for K saturation percentage (KSP) ranged between 0.12–019 and exchangeable K between 0.13–0.20 Cmol/Kg clay. There was a wide variation in the values of various forms of K and among indices associated with mineral composition in different soils. The results show that the values of K form in most of the studied soils are quite low. Consequently, the supplying power of potassium in these soils is low and the need for potassium fertilizer is recommended.
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Author(s):
Balogun k. and Nwokah Tracy Joy, Balogun k, Nwokah Tracy Joy.
Page No : 36-43
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Effect of Planting Dates and Fertilizer Rates on the Growth and Yield of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) In WUKARI, Taraba State
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at the teaching and research farm of the Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria to determine, evaluate and compare the effect of planting dates and fertilizer rates on growth and yield of sweet potato, using three planting dates: planting date one (July 4), planting date two (July18) and planting date three (August 1) for both 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons, and four fertilizer rates: F0 (0kg/h), F1 (30kg/h), F2 (60kg/h) and F3 (90kg/h). The treatments were arranged in 3 x 4 split plot factorial design combinations replicated three times. Measurements were taken on the growth and tuber yield at harvest such as the length of primary veins, number of secondary veins, number of leaves, number of tubers and tuber weight. Data collected were analyzed using ANOVA and the significant means separated using Duncan multiple differences at 5% probability level. The result of the experiment indicated that both main effects (planting dates and fertilizer rates) had significant influence on all of the traits measured. Similarly, the interactive effect of planting dates and fertilizer rates significantly affected all of the traits measured, except leaf area which is not significantly influenced by the interactive effect of planting dates and fertilizer rates. The significantly highest weight of tuber per plant was obtained from the planting dates at PD1, PD2 and PD3 (1.09, 1.56 and 1.10 respectively in 2017 cropping season and 1.00, 1.51 and 1.03 respectively for 2018 cropping season). Fertilizer rates enhanced growth and yield performance on the planting dates used. Highest yield values were observed in planting date 2 (PD2). Highest value in all the yield characters measured was observed in planting date 2 (PD2) at fertilizer rates of F3 and F2 (90kg/h and 60kg/h respectively). Based on the findings from this research, planting date 2 (PD2) with 60kg/ha (F2) of fertilizer application rate is recommended. Generally, all traits except the leaf area were significantly affected by the interactive effect of planting date and fertilizer rate, indicating that determining fertilizer rate for each planting date by considering their vegetative growth and yield habit is very important in crop production. Further research should be repeated under rainfed conditions at different locations.
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Author(s):
Aremu M. B., Kurah I. A., Okparavero N. F., Okunade S. O., Adebola M. O., Rahman, M.O.
Page No : 44-54
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Assessment of Seed-Borne Plant Pathogenic Fungi, Insect Emergence and Percentage Germinability Associated with Harvested and Stored Rice in Kwara State, Nigeria
Abstract
This study was conducted to assess the incidence of seed-borne fungi, insect emergence as it affect the germinability rate of rice seed collected from the major rice growing areas of Kwara State, Nigeria, The rice seeds were collected during the dry season of 2019. Five (5) fungi species were isolated from all the rice samples. The incidence of fungi pathogens vary from one locality to another, as well as the frequency of occurrence. The pathogens isolated include Fusarium. oxysporium, Aspergillus spp., Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus., Cladosporium sp., Mucor sp. FARO 44 rice variety has the highest incidence of fungal pathogen(12.5× 104) while local varieties Alhaji Sule and Kuddo has the lowest incidence of (0.5× 104) respectively. Penicillium sp. has the highest percentage frequency of occurrence (49.3%) while cladosporium sp has lowest (1.33%) across all samples. Sample 9(F-52), 15(E) and 17(K) has the lowest percentage germinability of 41, 40 and 45% while sample 11(AB) and 8(K) has the highest percentage germinability of 84% and 77% respectively. All the samples do not have the most serious damaging insect infestation of Sitophilus oryzae but some of the sample has infestation of some other insects such as Rhyzopertha dominca, a lesser grain borer and a primary stored pest of cereals, Tribolium. castaneum a secondary pest and some other unidentified insects in varying percentage. Measures such as lowest moisture content of seed meant for storage and proper cleaning of the store must be put in place to avoid seed deterioration as a result of seed borne fungal pathogen and insect infestation.
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Author(s):
Azawei Alamene, Okorodo Payebo Cameroun, Blessing Ebimie.
Page No : 55-79
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Evaluation on the Effect of Sustainable Environmental Friendly Bio-pesticide on the Growth of seed Borne Fungi (Aspergillus niger) on Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.)
Abstract
Evaluation on the Effect of Sustainable Environmental Friendly Bio Pesticides Application on the Growth of Seed borne Fungi on Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) was conducted at the Department of Crop and Soil Science Laboratory, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. To determine the percentage (%) efficacy of plant essential oils and to evaluate the best plant essential oil on the suppression of the pathogen cultured and treated Potatoes Dextrose Agar (PDA) plates with the different plant essential oils concentration levels (0.1, 0.01, and 0.001%). This experiment was arranged in Complete Randomized Design (CRD) and each treatment was replicated three times and each replicate contained 12 petri dishes. The result shows that ginger oil at 0.1 in all the days of the bioassay assessment, particularly, from day 6-day10 proved more effective in suppressing the teste pathogen (A. niger), this could be the present of the active ingredient (Zingerone) on the treatment. Therefore, this result should be encouraged for Cowpea farmers as seed treatment before storage to prevent Cowpea weevils (Callosobruchus maculatus) as a grain storage insect pest, that causes serious destruction on the stored grains.
