| 1 |
Author(s):
Alejandro Calvo, Stella Pak, Nataly Torrejon.
Page No : 1-5
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Late Recurrence of Cholangiocarcinoma
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma is associated with a poor prognosis usually due to advanced stage at the time of diagnosis and limited treatment options. In patients with localized disease, surgical resection of the malignant lesion remains the only potentially curative treatment. Duration of surveillance after tumor resection and adjuvant therapy remains controversial. Most oncologists will see patients periodically for up to 5 years. We present a case of a 71-year-old woman with recurrence of cholangiocarcinoma in the lung 11-years after curative resection. This case report suggests that prolonged surveillance beyond 5 years may be indicated for cholangiocarcinoma patients at high risk for recurrence after curative resection.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Faith E. A, Agade Y.I, Yakubu A.
Page No : 6-13
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Comparison Between The Cholesterol Levels of Ewes And Does’ Colostrum
Abstract
A total of 12 lactating animals of equal number (6 Ewes) and (6 Does) were used for this study. The animals were selected from Chaha and Livestock Investigation Department (LID) of National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI) Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria. This study was aimed at establishing comparison between the cholesterol levels of Ewes and Does’ colostrum. 6mls samples of colostrum were obtained from each lactating dam (Ewes and Does) from the teat of their udder by gentle stripping to avoid injury into fresh clean sample collection bottles (Vacutainer tubes) following the standard procedure. The collected colostrum was taken to the biochemistry Laboratory of the NVRI for analysis. The parameters determined was cholesterol of the colostrum samples collected from each mammalian species, postpartum (after birth). The content of cholesterol was determined in accordance with a modified procedure described by Borkovcová. The results of the study showed that the Total cholesterol (Tc), High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) and Triglycerides/High density lipoprotein (Tg/HDL) in the colostrum of Ewes and Does’ are significant. Ewes’ colostrum recorded higher concentration of Tc and HDLc whereas Does’s colostrum recorded higher concentration of Tg/HDL than the Ewes’ colostrum. However, the results of Tg, Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) and Very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDLc) were not significant among the colostrum of Ewes and Does studied. The results of this findings, could provide a basis for further searched to advanced more reasons attributed to the differentiation in the colostrum levels in other species.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Valentine Ucheagwu, Rita Ugokwe-Ossai, Okoli Paul, Jesse Ossai.
Page No : 14-25
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Some Neuropsychological Profiles and Personality Traits of Undergraduate Regular Online Football Gamblers (a new online gambling Game) in Nigeria
Abstract
Objectives: Online football gambling is a relatively new game in Nigeria. Like other gambling games, some psychological profiles either propel or sustain the behaviour. We tested some neuropsychological profiles and personality traits that distinguish the regular online football gambles from healthy control group (Non-gamblers). Method: Using a between group design, we tested 140 (60: online gamblers; 80: Healthy controls) university undergraduate students between the ages of 18 – 26 years on some neuropsychological domains (attention, inhibition and executive function) and personality traits. The neuropsychological tasks used were the Series Addition Task (a modified version of Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (PASAT), Stroop-Word Colour test and Trail Making Test (TMT) A & B. The personality traits were assessed using the Big Five Personality Inventory. Result: The findings showed significant differences between the online football gamblers and the healthy controls on four personality traits: agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness to experience, with the online football gamblers performing better than the healthy controls. However, in the attention tasks, the healthy controls made less significant errors on forward addition and backward subtraction tasks but took more time to complete the backward counting task. On the other hand, the online football gamblers performed better on time taken to complete the stroop congruence task and errors made on stroop incongruence. Similarly, the online football gamblers took less time to complete the TMT B and made less errors on TMT A. Conclusion: University undergraduate regular online football gamblers demonstrate stronger personality traits of ambition and gregariousness, and as well show promising capacity on tasks of executive function but however show deficits on tasks of divided and sustained attention.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Uchewa O. Obinna, Okafor O. Samuel , Okoronkwo A. Christiana.
Page No : 26-34
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The Protective and Currative Effect of Ficus Vogelii against Toxicity Induced by Lead-Acetate on Spleen in Adult Wistar Rats
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed at investigating the protective and currative effect of Ficus vogelii against toxicity induced by lead acetate on spleen in adult Wistar rats. Methodology: Thirty (30) Wistar rats were used for this research and randomly assigned into 6 groups of five rats. Group A (Control group) received normal saline and water ad libitum. B was given lead acetate in a dose of 2mg/kg body weight for 28 days. The currative groups C (low dose) and D (high dose) received lead acetate and aqueous extract. The protective groups E (low dose) and F (high dose) received aqueous extract and lead acetate. Group G were given only aqueous extract. The experiment lasted for 28 days after 7 days of acclimatization. Results: Figure 1C showed lymphoid follicle with little necrosis demonstrating the effects of the extract as currative herb. Figure 1D shows expansion of red pulp and macrophages with relative improvement when compared to positive control. Figure 3E shows lymphoid follicle with necrosis and affected trabeculae (T). Figure 3F showed diffused red pulp and necrotized macrophages (arrows) which are not as much as that found in the positive control group and may be attributed to the protective role of the extract. The extract only (Figure 4) group shows normal histoarchitecture with red pulp, white pulp, microphages, trabeculae and lymphoid follicle all intact without any injury. Conclusion: This experiment demonstrates that lead causes splenic alterations like diffusion of white pulp into red pulp and appearance of large macrophages due to inflammations and production of debris of dead cells. These alterations can either be ameliorated or protect against by Ficus vogelii extract.
| 5 |
Author(s):
K. Kalaichandran.
Page No : 35-42
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Efficacy of Interventions used by Occupational Therapist for Children with Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD)
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the study was to find out the efficacy of Intervention used by Occupational Therapist for children with Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD). Objectives: (i) To find out the children with Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) (ii) To give Occupational Therapy management for children with Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD). Methods: Ten children with Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) for both male and female children were selected for this study. All the children were screened by Short Sensory Profile (SSP) and Gross Motor Functional Measure scale (GMFMs) were used for the objective measurement of children physical (gross motor, fine motor), social, sensory, behavioral and education skill. The pre and post therapy values were statistically analyzed on the effect of Occupational Therapy intervention for children with Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD). Result: The statistical analysis of Short Sensory Profile (SSP), pre-treatment Mean value is 20.3, SD 7.0718 and post-treatment Mean value is 28.6, S.D 6.9474, t-test value of (SSP) is 9.147244 and P value is < .00001. The Statistical analysis of Gross Motor Functional Measure scale GMFMs pre-treatment Mean value is 77.9, S.D is 3.7802 and post-treatment Mean value is 108.0, S.D 7.91201, t-test value of GMFMs is -10.298 and P value is < .00001. This statistical analysis shows that, there is significant difference between pre and post-therapy values of both SSP and GMFM score. Hence, it is suggested that, the gross motor, fine motor and educational skills as well as social, sensory, behavioral skills were changed for children with Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD). As an occupational therapist would like to suggest, Innovation in School, colleges’ especially higher educational institutes must take special care for these (SPD) students, Young learners with SPD will be able to negotiate the challenges of entering school, higher education and adjusting its demands, Low- and high-tech innovations depending on the nature of the need of the SPD personnel should be arranged. Conclusion: Occupational Therapy can be used effectively as one of the interventions to improve gross motor, fine motor and educational skills as well as to change their social, sensory and behavioral skills for children with Sensory Processing Disorder. Hence; it is recommended that, the Occupational Therapy play a pivotal role in treating children with Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD).
| 6 |
Author(s):
Iwu Irenus Chinonye, Oze Rita N., Onu Uchenna Lynda, Amarachi Nkwoada, Ukaoma Adanma A.
Page No : 43-54
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Phytochemical and GC/MS Analysis of the Rhizome of Zingiber Officinale Plant Grown in Eastern Part of Nigeria
Abstract
Phytochemical and GC-MS analysis of zingiber offinale was carried out in the laboratory and with the aid of SHIMAZU Japan Gas Chromatography 5890-11 with a fused GC column OV 101 coated with polymethyl silicon (0.25 mm x 50 m). The result obtained confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, tannins amd phenols in the plant. Twelve peaks were obtained from the he spectra of the GC-MS. peak 1 corresponds to Furan-3-carboxaldehyde with m/z 128 and molecular formulae C6H8O2, peak 2 was identified as Benzene -1-(1,5-dimethyl-4-4hexenyl)-4-methyl m/z 202 with molecular formulae C15H22. Peak 3 as ,1-,3-cyclohexadiene-5- (,5 diethyl-4-hexenyl -2-methyl (zingiberene) m/z 204 with molecular formulae C15H24, peak 4 as Alpha farnesene m/z 204 with molecular formulae C15H24. Peaks 5,6,7,8,9,10,1,12 occurred at m/z; 220,204, 194,242,,256,296,282, 296 corresponding to butylated hydrotoulene, C15H24,,cyclohexene-3-(1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl-6- methelene C15H24, 2-butanone-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl C11H14O3, methyl tetra decanoate C15H32O2, n-hexadecanoic acid C16H32O2, 9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester C09H26O2, Octadec-9-enoic acid, C18H34O2, Gingerol C17H28O4 and Ricinoeic acid C18H24O2 respectively
| 7 |
Author(s):
Anyanwu Emeka D., Lawrence Queen Ozioma, Onyele Onyinyechi G..
Page No : 55-62
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Parasitological Assessment of a Drinking Water Source in Umuahia, Southeast Nigeria
Abstract
Water is one of the essential natural resources and a major source of harmful infections including parasites when poorly managed. A parasitological assessment of a drinking water source in relation to water quality was carried out in Umuahia, Southeast Nigeria. The study was carried out between January and June 2018 in four stations. Physicochemical parameters of the water’s samples were determined using standard methods while water samples for parasitological assessment were filtered and examined for parasitic load using standard methods. Five (5) parasite species of human health importance were recorded; Trichuris trichuria was the most prevalent (33.3%), followed by Onchocerca volvulus (16.7%), Giardia lamblia (12.5%), Teania species (8.3%) and Entamoeba histolytica (4.2%) as the least. The study showed that Station 2 which is close to the effluent discharge point and station 4 (raw effluent) recorded the highest parasitic loads (8 and 4 respectively) while stations 1 and 3 recorded the least (3 respectively). The parasitic loads recorded in this study were determined by organic pollution and other anthropogenic activities in the river. The parasites recorded are a source of concern since they are of human medical concern with high prevalence. Consequently, drinking water sources need to be protected to prevent parasitic contamination.
| 8 |
Author(s):
Amuzie Chidinma C., Ekerette Idonrenyin B..
Page No : 63-71
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Health Status of Amphibians from an Urbanizing Community and a Forest Zone, Rivers State, Nigeria
Abstract
Urbanization has been reported to adversely affect the health status of amphibians. We examined the health status of four amphibian species (Ptychadena spp., Hoplobatrachus occipitalis, Sclerophys spp. and Hylarana galamensis) from an urban settlement (Rumuesara) and a forested location (Agbada), using the condition factor, CF. Higher condition factor values of Ptychadena spp. were obtained in specimens from Agbada while the CF of H. occipitalis was higher in specimens from Rumuesara, although the differences were not statistically significant. Generally, CF was higher in male specimens from both locations. No significant differences were found between sexes except in Ptychadena species from Agbada where it was significantly higher in the females. Condition factor of all species investigated was greater than one. Pearson correlation between snout-vent length and body mass was statistically significant (P<0.01), indicating good health status of the amphibians from both locations. Urbanization did not significantly affect the CF of amphibians from Rumuesara when compared with that of specimens from the forested location, Agbada.
