| 1 |
Author(s):
Robert B., Ugbomeh A.P., Amuzie C.C.
Page No : 1-8
|
Correlations of Body Weight and Snout-Vent Length to Parasite Burden in Agama Agama of Ogoloma Ama and Oba Ama, Okrika, Rivers State, Nigeria
Abstract
Body size reflects age/maturity in animals and indicates the parasite exposure window of organisms. Larger sized animals tend to harbour higher parasite burden than smaller hosts. Here, we examined correlations of body weight (BW) and snout-vent-length (SVL) of Agama agama to host parasite burden. 151 host specimens were captured using a baited net enclosure in May, 2019, from Ogoloma Ama (n=92) and Oba Ama (n=59) communities in Okrika, Rivers State, Nigeria. They were euthanized in benzocaine, measured and dissected within 24 hours of capture. Parasites recovered were enumerated and fixed in appropriate fixatives; the number of parasites recovered per infected host was recorded as the parasite burden. Pearson correlation was used to test for association between parasite burden of hosts and their body weight and snout-vent length. Mean body weight of hosts was 32.0±15.6g and 30.0±28.8g for specimens from Ogoloma Ama and Oba Ama, respectively, whereas the mean SVL values were 22.6±2.2cm and 21.1±9.4cm, for specimens from Ogoloma Ama and Oba Ama, respectively. A total of 2, 446 parasites were collected. When all hosts were pooled irrespective of gender or location, significant positive correlations were obtained: r = 0.513 for parasite burden and body weight, and r = 0.428 for parasite burden and SVL (p<0.0001). Sample size affected the correlation results as insignificant values were obtained when the test was done by location or gender. We, therefore, conclude that parasite burden in Agama agama was positively correlated with host body size, and significant values were obtained with larger sample size.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Ahmed Youssef Kada, Mourad Kastali, Kheireddine Abdelouahed Bouyoucef, Kouider Sahraoui.
Page No : 9-14
|
Brain Kidney Interactions in Post Traumatic Brain Death
Abstract
Brain death is the cause of a major inflammatory systemic response syndrome (SIRS) affecting all the organs and partly responsible for their dysfunction. One of these consequences is kidney failure (AKI: Acute Kidney Injury). Between September 2008 and September 2013, renal function was analyzed in patients admitted for severe head injury who progressed to brain death. Impairment of renal function has been demonstrated in these subjects upon admission, suggesting a direct interaction between the brain and the kidney. An early deterioration of renal function in the subject in a brain death state is often highlighted in our study, its occurrence results from the addition of hemodynamic, neurohormonal and inflammatory factors.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Adam Yusuf Muhammad Munir, Fahadi Bakaki, Zawadi Lukuni Rosette, Pius Mbuya Nina.
Page No : 15-24
|
Influence of SODIS on Incidences of Diarrhea among Children Under 5 Years in Makindye Division, Kampala
Abstract
The use of solar energy to disinfect water to meet the basic needs of day to day consumption and supply of safe drinking water goes back to 1990 After the convention on sustainable development at berlin where access to safe drinking water were discovered to have potential alternative sources. The present study examined the use of solar energy (UV-Rays) for disinfect and sanitize water for the consumption of children less than 5yrs of age. Data were collected through interactions with a sample of 100 participants. The study results provide explanations on practices of solar water disinfection (SODIS) acceptance, diarrheal episode reduction and compliance rates of the intervention at household level. The intervention recommends more scientific research to explore the role of SODIS in promoting well-being of children below 5yrs of age and use it to achieve Sustainable Development Goals to ensure access to safe drinking water to communities.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Benjamin Ogunma Gabriel, Emmanuel Oshomoh, Olufunke Christy Akanji.
Page No : 25-32
|
Anti-Diarrhea Efficacy Of Annona muricata L. On Animal Model
Abstract
Diarrhea is known for its severe health threat associated with individuals. The treatment is associated with the possible uses of Annona muricata ethnomedicinal report. This study evaluates the efficacy of A. muricata ethanol and hexane leaves extracts on diarrhea. The pulverized sample was macerated using ethanol and hexane solvent. The acute toxicity report was experimented on mice model. Effects of A. muricata on gastro-intestinal tract disorders were assessed in castor oil- induced diarrhea and charcoal meal model in experimental animals at graded doses of 30-120 mg/kg of ethanol and hexane leaves extracts, when compared with standard drug and untreated control. The animals were able to withstand ethanol and hexane extract at highest toxicity dose of 5 g/kg with no visible toxicity sign. Significant peristalsis inhibitions were observed in the treated groups at 30, 60 and 120 mg/kg of A. muricata extracts which triggered a definite reduction in the distance travelled by charcoal when compared with the distance of the small intestinal with dose dependent. Also, it showed reduction in the weight and number of diarrhea stool, with prolong onset of action in castor oil induced diarrhea. The results acquire validate the ethnomedicinal uses of A. muricata.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Osagie Steve Asuelimen, Benjamin Ogunma Gabriel.
Page No : 33-43
|
Proximate Composition, Preliminary Qualitative and Quantitative Phytochemical Screenings of Treculia africana
Abstract
Treculia africana uses in folklore medicine showed several biological properties on circulatory, respiratory, urinary, digestive, nervous system, sexual, skin, vision and hearing organs due to it phytoconstituents. The present study is aimed at evaluating the proximate, qualitative and quantitative phytochemicals of T. africana. The proximate analysis, qualitative and quantitative are carried out using a standardized protocol to analyzed the Moisture, Crude Protein, Ash, Fibre, Lipids and Carbohydrates content. Also, Steroids, Saponins, Oxalate, Phytate, Tannins, Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Phenols, Cardiac Glycosides and Anthraquinones were screened for in T. africana aqueous and ethanol extracts via standard methods. The results showed that the extracts of T. africana with proximate composition of 4.43 % Moisture, 1.67 % Crude Protein, 3.18 % Ash, 1.02 % Fibre, 0.19 % Lipids and 89.41 % Carbohydrates. The phytochemical tests were positive with important secondary metabolites such as 1.55 g Oxalate, 3.02 g Phytate, 9.35 g Tannins, 4.25 g Flavonoids, 3.38 g Alkaloids, 0.14 g Phenols, 3.88 g Cardiac Glycosides and 0.16 g Anthraquinones. In conclusions, active compounds with broad biological activities required being isolated for medicinal purposes.
