| 1 |
Author(s):
Zawadi Lukuni Rosette, Pius Mbuya Nina, Fahadi Bakaki, Adam Yusuf Muhammad Munir.
Page No : 1-12
|
The Influence of Water Quality Parameters on Fish Species Abundance and Distribution Near Shoreline of Lake Victoria
Abstract
This study explores water quality parameters and their effect on fish abundance and diversity in Lake Victoria. Fish are considered as water quality indicators, especially due to their sensitivity to pollution. The municipal and industrial discharges is visible through the channels draining into the lake, which potentially increases pollution levels. This is a real threat to aquatic life and the health of humans who consume fishery resources of the lake. Three sites were selected (site1, site2 and site 3) where water and fish were sampled weekly for a month. The results of water quality showed temperature range of 26.40 C- 28.80 C; pH 9.34-7.23; turbidity 10.6NTU- 5.3NTU; E.C 134.17µs/cm- 216µs/cm and D.O 6.1mg/l- 6.9mg/l. All the physiochemical parameters of water were within the standard levels suitable for freshwater fish survival and growth. However, there were mean differences in water quality among the sites. For example, site 1 which was located direct to Nakivubo channel had turbidity and D.O levels of 10.6NTU and 6.4mg/l, respectively compared to site 2 and 3 which had turbidity less than 10NTU. Nile tilapia was the most abundant fish species in all the sites, followed by juvenile Nile perch while haplochromine was only caught in site 3 far away from the sewage discharge point. In addition, the numbers of tilapia decreased with turbidity indicating their habitat preference while Nile perch showed a uniform distribution across the sites. In conclusion, different water quality parameters potentially influenced fish distribution and abundance, but future comprehensive study could yield more reliable results. Therefore, there should be monitoring of water quality for better management of fishery resources of Lake Victoria.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Vincent Danagogo Alame, Ugbomeh Adaobi Patricia, Nwabueze Ebere.
Page No : 13-21
|
The Physico-chemical Parameters of Kalaigidama and Basambio Creeks, Ke in Rivers State, Nigeria
Abstract
Kalaigidama and Basambio creeks are estuarine creeks along the sombrero river in Ke Degema Local Government, Rivers State, Nigeria. This study was aimed at assessing the physico-chemical parameters of the creek considering the activities going on there. Four stations were selected along the creek equidistant from each other and sampled for 5 months from May to September. Surface water samples were collected for testing Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Nitrate, Phosphate and Sulphate in the laboratory following standard method while Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Temperature, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Conductivity, pH, Salinity and Transparency were determined in-situ. The mean and range of parameters were determined using appropriate statistics and values compared with DPR, FEPA and WHO standards. ANOVA was used to test for variation along sampling months and stations. The mean values of physiochemical parameter are temperature (26.86+ 0.17oC – 28.84 + 0.46oC), pH (6.97 + 1.3 – 7.41 + 0.09), DO (2.84 + 1.01 mg/l – 4.5 + 0.18mgl), Salinity (10.89 + 2.4ppt – 20.7+ 0.35ppt] conductivity [19.03+ 6.13ms - 36.2 + 0.83ms), TDS (16.11 + 1.45ppt – 36.58 + 1.22ppt), COD (16.6 + 2.73mg/l – 50 + 5.18mg/l), BOD (1.34 + 0.82 mg/l – 3.96 + 0. 02 mg/l), Transparency (6.2 + 1.11cm – 10.06 + 1.72cm), TSS (5.94 + 1.02mg/l – 10.82 + 1.61mg/l), Sulphate (164.86 + 28.08mg/l – 402.47 + 11.36mg/l) and nitrate (1.85 + 0.46mg/l – 5.39 + 1.86mg/l). The means of all parameters were significantly different at (P< 0.0001) exception of pH along the sampling months. The study revealed that the physico-chemical parameters of the water samples from all the stations except Sulphate and Dissolved Oxygen were within the permissible limits of DPR, FEPA and WHO. Which indicates that the creeks are under stress and cannot support aquatic life.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Mafuyai G.M., Shaapera U., Ayuba S.M.
Page No : 22-31
|
Enrichment and Geoaccumulation of Pb, Zn, As, Cd, Mn and Cr in Farm Soils Around Tin Mine Areas in Plateau State, Nigeria
Abstract
Enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (CF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), and pollution load indexes (PLI) were employed to evaluate Pb, Zn, As, Cd and Cr in farm soils around tin mine areas in Plateau State, Nigeria. Arsenic and Cd were graded as unpolluted to moderately polluted while Pb, Zn and Cr indicated moderate contamination (Igeo > 1) in the soil. EF values for Pb, Zn, Mn, As and Cr where attributed to natural processes with evidence of anthropogenic activities. Meanwhile, Cd showed significant contamination in soil at B4 with CF > 6.13 and a mean value of 3.79. The PLI values for 95 % of the sample sites were ≥ 1.88, which is an indication of soil quality deterioration.
Key words: Geo-accumulation index, Enrichment factor, Contamination factor and Pollution load indexes.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Fredrick O. Ogolla, Kithaka Samson Chabari, Jedidah Karimi Kariuki.
Page No : 32-48
|
Bacteriological Quality Status of Boreholes Water in Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya
Abstract
Water shortage that is caused by long droughts and higher cost of accessing piped water have forced many households in Kenya to opt for wells and borehole water. Where they are used, boreholes are exposed to contamination by pathogenic microorganisms from nearby toilets, defecation from domesticated animals and surface runoff. Despite of known health concerns of consuming contaminated water, many rural residents still consume borehole water whose portability is not determined and may not meet WHO standards. Thus, this study was conducted in Tharaka Nithi County to assess bacterial quality status of selected boreholes in Maara, Igamba Ngombe and Tharaka Constituencies between April to September 2019. A total of 108 water samples were collected from 36 boreholes. Boreholes in Mukothima within Tharaka area were not collected as the ones accessed were dry at the time of sampling. The samples were analyzed at Chuka University using most probable number methods, Plate count and bacteria species identified using selected biochemical methods. Data (MPN) for total and feacal coliform for different location of study and boreholes were log transformed (log10 (cfu+3) and compared using general linear method in SAS. Significance means were separated using least significant difference post hoc test in SAS version 9.4. Number of bacteria isolated from water samples were also compared using general linear model. Feacal coliform values exceeding WHO recommendation of (0 CFU/ 100 ml was observed in all borehole surveyed. Mean MPN value of 17.5/ 100 ml CFU was observed in Kawangware. Coliform bacteria E. coli, Bacillus spp, Klebsiella spp were isolated in all the water sampled. However, E. coli followed by Bacillus spp were higher compared to the rest of isolates. Occurrence of these bacteria in borehole water put the health of depended consumers at risk of infection.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Enerosisor Mackindale Shayebi, Ugbomeh Adaobi Patricia, Miebaka Moslen.
Page No : 49-59
|
Abundance and Diversity of Zooplankton in the Lower Reach of the Opobo River, Rivers State Nigeria
Abstract
Zooplankton are diverse group of organisms with little or no swimming ability. They are the animal component of plankton, have short life cycle and quickly respond to changes in their environment; hence, their abundance and community structure serve as an essential tool in providing information on the water quality of a given aquatic environment which may serve as an indicator of the ecological status of the water body. The aim of this study is to determine the abundance and diversity of zooplankton in the lower reach of the Opobo river. In this study, 6 stations namely Opu-Kala-Ama (ST 1), Uta-Ewa (ST 2), Ascon Jetty (ST 3), Opobo Town (ST 4), Queens Town (ST 5) and Down-Below (ST 6) were chosen along the river. Zooplankton samples were collected monthly by towing a plankton net of 35 µm mesh size and 0.196m2 mouth surface area from a motorized boat and preserved in 4% formalin. Sampling was for a period of 6 month (March- August 2008). Identification and counting of zooplankton were done with a compound microscope of 10x10 magnifications. Data was analysed using XLSTAT and JMP statistic package. Comparing of means and multivariate analysis was done using ANOVA and PCA (Principle Component Analysis) respectively. A total abundance of 30,368 zooplankton measured in cell/ml was recorded. The diversity structure comprised of 12 Zooplankton species belonging to 9 families (Copepoda 82%, Decapoda 3%, Gastropoda 4%, Bivalve 3%, Echinodermata 2%, Spirotricha 2% Polychaete 1%, Rotifera 3% and Cladocera 0.1%). Acartia longiremis showed high dominance in nearly all the stations exception of Opu Kala-Ama which was dominated by Calamus finmarchicus. Zooplankton diversity indices showed a fairly high Shanon diversity index only in ST4 (2.05) and low Margalef diversity index in all the stations. The findings of this work revealed that the Opobo river has high zooplankton abundance with low diversity.
