| 1 |
Author(s):
Chinyere Adaku Onuoha, Nnaemeka Chinedu Ngobiri (PhD), Edache Bernard Ochekwu (PhD), Philip Onuoha (PhD).
Page No : 1-14
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Environmental Challenges Awareness in Nigeria: A Review
Abstract
The environment encompasses all aspects of nature, both living and nonliving. The environment has an impact on the quality of life of plants and animals. Every living organism requires clean air, water, shelter, better living conditions, and a more ideal habitat because these factors influence one's quality of life. It is advantageous to have a safe and quality environment. Anthropogenic and natural activities have deteriorated the environment, resulting in climate change, pollution, and health issues worldwide. This review paper explored environmental issues experienced globally and in Nigeria through reviewing different works of literature. Findings show that man's activities on the environment include urbanization, deforestation, improper waste disposal, unregulated agricultural practices, among others, which have resulted in desertification, pollution, ocean acidification, health issues, global warming, and ecosystem instability. Environmental issues have a cyclical and spiral effect. One environmental problem can exacerbate another, hence the need for humans to be aware of the environmental issues. Man has a greater role to play in tackling environmental issues.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Ola-Buraimo A.O., Oladimeji R.G., Faruk A.K..
Page No : 15-26
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Palynology, Paleoenvironment and Stratigraphy Relationship of Tungan Buzu Hill with Adjacent Valley Gwandu Formation, Sokoto Basin, Northwestern Nigeria
Abstract
Palynological study of Tungu Buzum Hill was investigated with a view towards determining the age of the outcrop, compare its miospore content with the adjacent Tungu Buzu Valley of carbonaceous shale, their stratigraphic relationship and paleoenvironment of deposition of the litho-sequence. Field study involved litho-description and logging achieved by noting the rock type, mineralogical composition, bed thickness, texture, sorting, roundness, structure, fossil content and diagenetic effect. Palynological slide preparation involved decarbonisation, digestion, sieving, maceral separation using zinc bromide, mounting on slide and petrographic analysis. The litho-sequence is composed sequentially upward of claystone, siltstone, indurated silty claystone, mudstone and ferruginized ironstone characterized by loadcast, fracture, lithification and bioturbation. Palynologically, the litho-section exhibits few marker forms such as Belskipollis elegans, Peregrinipollis nigericus and Retibrevitricolporites obodoensis depictive of early Miocene age. The paleoenvironment was deduced based on the occurrence of peridinacean forms such as Andalusiella sp., Senegalinium sp., Lejeuncysta diversiforma and Paleocystodinium golzowense indicative of marginal marine, while deeper marginal marine forms of gonyaulacacean phytoplanktons present are Micrhystridium sp., Canningia capillata and Dinogymnium sp. There are similarities in palynomorph assemblages of this study and Tunga Buzu Valley section in terms of age and similarity to Gwandu Formation though varied in paleoenvironment in the valley litho-section, marked by continental to marginal marine settings. Field relationship suggests that the Tunga Buzu Hill is stratigraphically overlying the Tunga Buzu Valley, separated by a fault. The Tunga Buzu Hill section represents the footwall while the Tunga Buzu Valley is situated within the hanging wall of a normal fault structure.
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Author(s):
Adeyemi Maria M., Olayemi Ifeoluwa O., Olemoh Afeez O., Abegunde Folorunsho.
Page No : 27-35
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Physico-Chemical and Metal Composition of Some Sachet and Borehole Water in Imota Community Area of Lagos State, Nigeria
Abstract
The accessibility of quality water is an essential factor for preventing diseases and improving good quality of life. The physico-chemical parameters of sachet and borehole water in some selected locations of Imota Community of Lagos State was studied. Physico-chemical parameters such as colour, temperature, pH, salinity, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS) and heavy metals such as copper, magnesium, manganese and cadmium were determined following standard methods. All water samples were colourlesss with a temperature range of 27.1oC to 29oC at the point of collection. The physico-chemical properties ranges were: salinity (0.01–3.8), pH (2.10–7.52), electrical conductivity (1.5–200 μS/cm), micro voltage (22.7–184) and total dissolved solids (19.8–576 mg/L). Caleb University Ventures water was the only sample with a neutral pH of 7.52. The concentrations of metals in the selected water samples were within the permissible limit of USEPA (2022) and WHO (2017) guidelines. The study showed that physical water quality parameters such as pH, salinity, EC and TDS have variations at different locations, which suggests that different soil types, storage systems and environmental activities could interfere with the physico-chemical parameters. The water samples from Imota Community had low level of pollutants as indicated by the physico-chemical properties of the water. However, standard methods of water treatment should be maintained by the community to ensure the purity of water available for domestic use, so that problems commonly associated with impure and unclean water can be averted.
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Author(s):
Ibrahim Abdullahi, Ezekiel B. Bwadi, Mamtara Andenum, Kwena R. Albert, John B. Nicodemus.
Page No : 36-52
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An Assessment of the Spatial Distribution of Infrastructural Facilities in the Northern Senatorial District of Taraba State, Nigeria
Abstract
The distribution and location of infrastructural facilities are important indicators of government involvement and democratic accountability dividends throughout developing rural areas. This study assessed the spatial distribution of infrastructural facilities in the Northern Senatorial District of Taraba State. Utilising the Growth Pole theory and the exploratory research design, the study adopted the quantitative and qualitative methods comprising of questionnaire administration, interviews, and observations and the handheld GPS device to get coordinates for ArcGIS spatial analysis to carry out the study in three local government areas (Ardo Kola, Lau, and Zing LGAs) purposefully selected from the district. The Krejcie and Morgan determining sample size statistics were used to generate a study sample of 384 from a projected population of 415,100 in the three local government areas. The study found that even though the infrastructural facilities have yielded positive development in the areas, they are located based on government projected interests. It concludes that infrastructural facilities should be dispersed fairly to benefit the general public, particularly in areas in desperate need. It is also suggested that the government should support host communities' efforts to maintain public facilities.
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Author(s):
Sam–Uket Nwuyi Okori, Bate Garba Barde.
Page No : 53-65
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Heavy Metals Concentration in Some Selected Dumpsites and Groundwater in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
Abstract
Heavy metals concentration in soil from dumpsites and borehole water in Calabar, Nigeria was analysed. Four dumpsites: Lemna (008°21'55.912"E and 05°2'08.725"N), Nassarawa (008°21'35.168"E and 05°4'51.544"N), University of Calabar female hostel (008°20'57.937"E and 04°56'16.612"N) and Goldie market (008°20'29.34"E and 04°56'29.198"N) were selected as sampling locations while a plot of land (008°21'43.9"E and 040'58.04 227"N) was selected as a control which were labeled S1, S2, S3, S4 and PC respectively. Soil and water samples were collected for a period of twelve months following a standard procedure and analysed for heavy metals using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) while physicochemical properties of water were analysed using their respective meters. The results obtained showed that in dumpsites soil: Cadmium was the highest occurring metal with a mean concentration of 1.457±0.493 mg/kg in S4 while As in S1 was the lowest occurring metal with a concentration of 0.001 ± 0.000 mg/kg and Hg was below detection limit in all sampling locations. In water: Chromium was the highest occurring metal with a concentration of 0.006 ± 0.001 mg/l and the lowest was Cobalt and Lead with concentrations of 0.001 ± 0.000 in about all the sampling locations while Arsenic and Mercury were below detection limit in all the sampling locations. Cd, Pb and Cr in S4 soil, Cd and Cr in S4 water and TDS, electrical conductivity and hardness of water from all dumpsites were above the WHO limit while strong positive correlation was found between some heavy metals concentration in soil and water.
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Author(s):
Musa Hamza, Bashir Usman Mohammed, Kyari Muhammadu Habibullah.
Page No : 66-85
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Evaluation of Health, Religious Factors, and Modern Technologies in Public Toilets During Hajj
Abstract
Hajj pilgrims encounter a great deal of tough physical and mental stress. Overcrowding, extreme temperatures and electrolytes imbalance are common among pilgrims. Approximately more than 2.5 million people from different parts of the world gathered in the holy sites Makka. These factors trigger the increased risk for communicable and non-communicable diseases. This study discusses health and religious factors in an attempt to assess the mandatory health requirements for public toilets in the holy places at Makkah city, that can be translated into toilet design for Hajj pilgrimage at Mecca with the purposes of integration of modern technologies. Articles related to toilet problems faced by the pilgrims published between 2013 to 2018 in some selected data bases were considered in this study. Only 20 studies were included, encompassing 12,000 respondents out of 300 articles. An evaluation requirement checklist was made to evaluate whether the toilet facilities conform to the local and international public toilet standards. Randomly, about 242 toilets were selected and assessed for the availability of essential hygienic items from Mina (54%), followed by Arafat (26%) and Muzdalifah (20%). The proposed conceptual toilets design for Arafat, Muzdalifah, and Mina in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is not only applied for Hajj purposes but also as a model to the development of toilet design in all Muslim countries. Sustainable design proposal with safety provisions, accessibility, hygiene, ventilated, lighted and cleaned public toilets during Hajj rituals would more likely protect pilgrims against adverse health effects. However, a definitive conclusion could not be drawn due to lack of existing studies related to this area. The contribution of this study is that the health and religious factors are very crucial in the consideration of toilet design whilst not forgetting modern technologies of the future.
| 7 |
Author(s):
Kyari Muhammadu Habibullah, Bashir Usman Mohammed, Musa Hamza.
Page No : 86-102
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Nigeria Housing Scenarios: Lessons to Learn from Wales as an Alternative Approach
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Over 40% of Nigerians, out of the country's present population of over 20 million, would reside in urban areas by 2030, according to United Nations demographic experts. Given that 20% of urban residents already live in substandard circumstances and that there is a housing shortfall of over 17 million units in what has grown to be one of the world's greatest low-income housing markets, this is cause for concern. Many people around the world lack access to decent housing, but the problem seems to be most acute in developing nations like Nigeria. Additionally, there aren't many residences available to the growing number of workers in both the formal and informal sectors, particularly in urban areas. In spite of the fact that the effective demand from the vast majority of the population has not changed appreciably, the report notes that housing demand in Nigeria, particularly in urban areas, has continued to climb dramatically. This study finds that all the factors influencing housing supply have reduced the quality of housing in the nation. The results showed a number of concerns with housing shortages based on the pattern mentioned in the literature. It looks at the methods employed to provide housing in Wales, in the United Kingdom (UK), and the strategies used to achieve this, and makes links to the situation in Nigeria in order to strengthen the country's housing institutions, restructure the systems, and create a more robust housing sector so that a balance between urban and rural housing units may be achieved.
Keywords: Affordability, Environmental Sustainability, Nexus, Slum, Strategies
