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Author(s):
Editor in Chief.
Page No :
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African Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, Volume 1 Issue 1, Full Issue
Abstract
African Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, Volume 1 Issue 1, Full Issue
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Author(s):
S Islam, M Khatun, M Ershaduzzaman, MA Khan, S Yasmin.
Page No : 1-12
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Climate Change, Livestock Production and Income Vulnerability- Bangladesh Perspective
Abstract
Climate change has a direct effect on overall livestock sector and as a result has an indirect effect on livestock rearing farmers. However, the study was conducted considering specific objectives: i) to determine the socioeconomic profile of the respondent farmers; ii) to depict the present livestock scenarios; iii) to study the climate change scenario in areas and iv) to delineate the effects of climate change on income vulnerability status of the respondents. Four districts namely Barguna, Bhola, Lalmanirhat and Kurigram of Bangladesh were selected on the basis of frequency of climate change events. Taltoli and Charfashion Upazilas were more prone to natural catastrophic of cyclone and tidal surge; and Lalmanirhat and Bhurungamari Upazilas were severely vulnerable of flood and draught. Simple random sampling method was used to collect primary data with a structured questionnaire. Total sample size was 300. Both tabular and statistical techniques were used to analyse the data. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, average, percentage, ratios were also estimated and STATA software was used to analyse the vulnerability status. The study found that 77% farmers were in age group 50 to 65 followed by 20%, 66 to 80 and 3% above 80 years old. 77% farmers had agriculture as their primary occupation followed by 15% business and 8% service. Average family size was found 5.56 which were higher than the national average 4.9 (HIES 2014) and farm size indicates small farm category which was 1.1 hectare. On average, farmers had 41 years of farming experience. Among the sampled farmers, 81% of the respondents opined that major livestock species were reducing over the last three decades. Livestock population was reducing over the years and 56% respondents stated this scenario. On the other hand, livestock rearing cost was increasing alarmingly and it was found 4.45 times compared to three decades ago. The study found a scenario of major livestock population which indicated that livestock population per household was declining over the decades. Among the studied farm household 93% and 84% were found vulnerable at present and 30 years ago, respectively. At present and 30 years ago average vulnerability was estimated 0.93 and 0.85, respectively. Heat stroke, repeat breeding and less conception rate fall livestock production into jeopardized condition. In conclusion, we can say that to give more attention to our native genetic resource potentialities and it would be wise to adopt new technologies and to adapt with predictable and unpredictable climate change for sustainable and profitable livestock enterprise in future.
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Author(s):
Umar Bala.
Page No : 13-32
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Exchange Rate and Inflation Dynamics: Disaggregate Consumer Prices
Abstract
This empirical research intended to examine the interconnection between exchange rate and disaggregate consumer prices in Nigeria. The study used annual data within the period from 1976 to 2015. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique was used in the process of estimating the empirical models. The ARDL bound test discloses that there is a long-run association among the variables in the models (oil price, exchange rate and disaggregate consumer prices). The error correction term confirms the results shown significant negative sign at 5 percent. The long-run results indicate that exchange rate is the significant factor influencing consumer prices in all the disaggregate models. The results were also estimated for robustness check with the FMOLS and DOLS estimators. The importance of this finding it will serve as an alert to the policymakers that exchange rate depreciation is the main factor influencing consumer prices positively in Nigeria. The Central Bank of Nigeria to achieve the targeted inflation has to control the foreign exchange markets as a prerequisite.
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Author(s):
Egbulonu K. G, Duru Erasmus E.
Page No : 33-46
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Diversifying the Nigerian Economy: Role of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises
Abstract
This research work focused on economic diversification of the Nigerian economy through Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs). The major objective is to ascertain the impact of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises on the growth of the Nigerian economy over the period 1981 to 2017 using economic growth variables. The research work departs from the comparative advantage theory to technology gap theory that emphasizes that technological change brings about productivity improvement which spills over to small and medium firms. This enhances the growth of SMEs and results in increased production of raw materials and other non-oil products which are in abundance in Nigeria. To drive home this objective, we formulated a simultaneous equation model using secondary data on GDP (as a measure of economic growth), Total Oil and Non-oil Trade, Bank loans to SMEs, Output of SMEs and Interest and Inflation rates (as control variables). The data were analyzed using Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) technique having confirmed that the two equations of the model were over-identified. The results obtained confirmed the relevance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in the drive to diversify the Nigerian economy from oil-based to non-oil based. This research work provides empirical evidence on the topical issue of diversifying the Nigerian economy using relevant data to prove the extent to which SMEs have helped in growing the economy. It recommended ways of further improving the SMEs towards ensuring sustained growth of the Nigerian economy especially in this period of dwindling oil prices and climate abnormalities which pose serious hazard to our oil-based economy.
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Author(s):
Danuma Naisla Hassan, Habakuk Aboki, Abubakar Omau Angulu.
Page No : 47-62
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Bank Consolidation and the Provision of Banking Services to Small Customers [Firms] in Abuja, Nigeria
Abstract
This research examines bank consolidation and the provision of banking services to small [firms] customers. The research used descriptive methods of analysis in examining the short run effect of banking consolidation on banking services rendered to SMEs in Nigeria. The study concluded that banking consolidation in Nigeria had little or no short run impact on banking services rendered to the SMEs. The research recommends that in other to create confidence on the policy, government should cushion the short-term effect by providing basic necessities that will keep SMEs on track.
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Author(s):
Ayeni Ekundayo, Esv. Adamu Musa Keffi.
Page No : 63-69
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Property Investment Trust: A Vehicle for Real Estate Development in Nigeria
Abstract
Property development requires huge capital which in much way cannot be provided by one person. Sourcing fund traditionally had proved inadequate overtime. Therefore, there is need for better sources of financing property development in Nigeria. This research examines the suitability of real Property Investment Trusts (PITS) in financing property development in Nigeria. To this end, questionnaire were administered on Estate Surveyors and Valuers, Real Estate Developers Security and Exchange Commission (SEC), Mortgage Institutions, Nigeria Stock Exchange (NSE), etc. the research reveals that inadequate property finance constituted the most critical problem to real estate development in the country, it also shows that there is a large property market to support the application of REITS which has be found to adequately meet such capital requirements in developed countries which is still not popular in Nigeria. The research also reveals that for REITS to flourish in Nigeria, property development and capital market, government has to improve on legal and institutional frame works establish and support the mortgage market and ensure a stable economic environment. Percentages and frequency tables were used in analyzing the data collected.
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Author(s):
Ayeni Ekundayo, Esv. Adamu Musa Keffi.
Page No : 70-78
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Housing Provision in Nigeria: The Cooperative Alternative
Abstract
Housing problems in Nigeria are multi-dimensional. They occur both in the urban and rural areas. They are qualitative, quantitative, psychological and socio-cultural in nature. These problems are consequences of the inability and ineffectiveness of both the public and private sectors to meet the housing needs of the populace. As a result of this, any lasting solution to the Nigerian housing problem requires a multi- faceted approach. Various policies aimed at alleviating these housing problems have been formulated and implemented. They have met with varying degrees of success. After identifying the main causes of housing problems in Nigeria, this paper examines the Cooperative housing concept as a strategy for housing delivery. The essential features of the concept are discussed and an evaluation is made of its impact on the housing sector in selected countries based on various criteria. Some of these are: aims and objectives, modalities for funding, peculiarities of implementation, planning imperatives and levels of success. The paper concludes by relating the experiences of these countries to the contemporary Nigerian housing situation and determining the applicability of the cooperative housing concept given the nation’s socio-economic environment.
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Author(s):
Iriyemi Ademola Benson, Ogundipe Oluwaseun David.
Page No : 79-83
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An Empirical Investigation of the Impact of Effective Shipping Policy Instrument on the Development of the Nigeria Maritime Industry
Abstract
The Nigeria’s shipping sector is estimated to be capable of generating above 5trillion naira annually but the sector has been totally neglected. To make the sector effective and harness revenue from this sector, there will be an overhaul of policy, institutional, regulatory and legal framework. This study therefore, empirically investigates the impact of an effective shipping policy instrument on the development of the Maritime sector in Nigeria. Data were collated in Lagos, Nigeria through a structured questionnaires administered to stakeholders of the maritime sector in Nigeria. The method of analysis used in the study is a simple non-parametric (chi-square test) statistical method. From the method of analysis, the study found out that an effective shipping policy affect the development of the maritime sector in Nigeria. The study therefore recommends the enactment of a new national shipping policy to effectively support the Nigeria’s shipping policy dates back to 1987 when the Nigerian shipping policy act no.10 of 1987 was enacted following Nigeria ratification of the United Nations Code on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) so as to make shipping policy instruments have an impact on the development of the Maritime sector in Nigeria, which will invariably aid Nigeria economic growth.
