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Author(s):
Helen Idubamo Wankasi (PhD).
Page No : 1-13
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COVID-19 Pandemic: An Inhibitor of Universal Health Coverage Programme: A ViewPoint
Abstract
Ever since the re-emergence of Covid-19 as a pandemic, healthcare facilities (human and materials) have been overstressed, evidenced by the rate at which frontline healthcare workers fall sick and die in the course. In some healthcare institutions, the narrative has changed with regards to the number of days to access physicians for treatment, but selected and booked only on specific days and periods, except in extreme emergencies are able to access physicians un-booked. This is inconsistent with the intent of Universal Health Coverage and the Sustainable Development Goals. This paper, therefore, highlighted the objectives, covering a brief overview of COVID-19 and Universal Health Coverage; identified countries developed (Germany 1883) and emerging (South Africa/Nigeria) that have adopted Universal Health Coverage as well described how COVID-19 stands as an inhibitor to the achievement of Universal Health Coverage. At the tail end, recommendations are made on the way forward on the need for effective governance, manpower sourcing and general strengthening of the healthcare system.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Julius Olatade Maitanmi, Salamat Olanike Abdulkareem, Bukola Titilope Maitanmi, Joshua Oluwafemi Ogungbesan, Deborah Foluke Onisile.
Page No : 14-25
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Factors Influencing Standard Precaution Practices Among Nurses in Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria
Abstract
Introduction: Nurses are known to be at the frontline of risks and victims to occupational hazards within the health care system. These hazards include exposure to infections that may arise from injuries from sharps and contacts with body fluids. Although, standard precautions are taken to mitigate and minimize against hazards in hospitals. This study assessed the factors influencing standard precaution practices among Nurses in Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria.
Method and material: This study involved a descriptive cross-sectional study which was carried out among 305 Nurses in Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja. A self-structured instrument was implored for this study and data were gathered from consented respondents. The data collected were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 25. The research questions were answered using descriptive statistics of mean, frequency and percentage.
Results: The mean age of the respondents was 41.64±10.1years and many (68.5%) had more than 10 years of work experience. The respondents had above average level of knowledge 24.69±2.16 and close to two-third (59.7%) had positive attitude towards standard precaution practices. The most reported factors influencing the practice of standard precautions were non-availability of personal protective equipment (PPE) (92.1%), lack of regular training on standard precautions (91.1%) and lack of good policy on standard precautions (81.5%).
Conclusion: Majority of the respondents had above average level of knowledge and positive attitude towards standard precaution. There is need for continuing sensitization and monitoring of standard precaution practices by Nurses to sustain the high level. Also, health care institutions should ensure the availability of PPE for standard precautions and regular in-service training of nurses on standard precaution practices.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Oluwatosin Akingbohungbe, Lucia Y. Ojewale, Oluwadamilare Akingbade, Prisca O. Adejumo.
Page No : 26-37
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Knowledge and Utilisation of Anti-Shock Garment Among Midwives of Adeoyo Maternity Teaching Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
Abstract
Background and Aim: Postpartum Haemorrhage (PPH) is a leading cause of maternal mortality, yet it is one of the few obstetric complications, with proven and effective interventions. Non-Pneumatic Anti Shock Garment (NASG) is a high-quality, simple technology and low-cost first-aid device that reverses hypovolemic shock. While evidence has shown that this simple technology is effective in reducing PPH, the level of knowledge and utilisation is unclear. This underscored the need to assess the knowledge and utilisation of the NASG as a measure of controlling postpartum haemorrhage in Adeoyo Maternity Teaching Hospital, Yemetu, Ibadan. Methods: This study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional research design and questionnaires were used to gather data from the midwives. The convenience sampling technique was used to recruit one hundred and forty-four (144) midwives into the study. Data were analysed using version 21.0 of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) using Chi-square. Results: The findings of this study revealed that although 97.9% of participants responded that they had seen NASG before, only about half (47.1%) could describe what it looked like. While 96.4% claimed that they knew how to use the NASG, only 73.7% of them actually use it each time there was severe PPH. No significant association was found between knowledge and utilisation of the equipment (p=.298). Factors associated with non-usage include non-availability, inexperience, lack of skilled personnel, and poor attitude. Conclusion: There was a good level of utilisation of the Non-Pneumatic Anti-Shock Garment for the management of postpartum haemorrhage, but only a few of the midwives were able to correctly describe it and not all were using it. Hence, refresher courses are hereby advocated to further improve NASG usage.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Makata N. E., Agbapuonwu N.E., Ilo I.C., Obasi S.C., Chinweuba A.U., Agu M.C..
Page No : 38-48
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Effect of Two Teaching Methods on Sexual Health Knowledge of In-School Adolescents in Enugu State, Nigeria
Abstract
This quasi experimental study was designed to determine the effect of lecture and Socratic questioning teaching methods on mean sexual health knowledge gain of in-school adolescents in Enugu State, Nigeria. A sample of 310 senior secondary-two students in eight intact classes were drawn from 16,510 senior in-school adolescents using multi-stage sampling. Sexual health knowledge test comprising 50 items was used to test students’ knowledge of sexual health. Student t-test and ANOVA were used to test the hypotheses at α=0.05. There was significant difference in the mean sexual health knowledge gain scores of students taught with lecture and Socratic questioning methods (lecture x̄=9.25 > Socratic questioning x̄=7.25; p<0.01). There was statistically significant difference in the mean sexual health knowledge gain of students in urban and rural schools (P<0.001). Students in rural areas taught with lecture method had higher mean sexual health knowledge gain score (x̄=11.75) than those in the urban areas (x̄ = 7.50). Urban subjects taught with Socratic questioning had slightly higher mean sexual health knowledge gain score of x̄=7.26 compared to their rural counterparts that scored x̄=7.25. Lecture remains effective teaching method for improving sexual health knowledge of students. Health educators should use lecture methods for adolescents’ health instructions.
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Author(s):
Adegbaju Funso M., Prof. J.O Aina.
Page No : 48-58
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Assessment of the Challenges Experienced by Nurses Caring for Patients Diagnosed with Psychotic Disorders in Neuro-Psychiatric Hospitals, from South-West, Nigeria
Abstract
These challenges are personal, and relationships. The goal of this study was therefore to identify the challenges faced by the nurses. The study adopted quantitative research design using descriptive methods. The sample size was determined by using the Cochran formula. A self-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data from the respondents. The findings on personal challenge revealed that 423 (95.9%) of the respondents have sufficient willingness to care, 374 (84.8%) revealed that respondents have emotional intelligence, 405 (91.8%) claimed they are able to care for patients with psychotic illness effectively in spite of challenges, furthermore 431 (97.7%) claimed to have positive attitude towards those diagnosed with psychotic disorders. Also, findings on relationship challenges revealed that 423 (95.9%) ability to establish adequate relationships with psychotic patients 441 (100.0%) claimed to have sufficient communication skills, 416 (94.3%) reported that relationships are vital in mental health nursing care. The study therefore concluded that despite the challenges experienced by the nurses, results indicate that they were still able to adequately care for their patients.
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Author(s):
Chinenye-Julius Augusta Ezinne, Oduyoye Omobola Oyebola, Uduh Jennifer Ulonma .
Page No : 59-74
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Pregnant Women’s Knowledge and Perception of Exclusive Breastfeeding in Selected Hospitals in Ikorodu, Lagos State, Nigeria
Abstract
Introduction: Exclusive breastfeeding is a public health intervention and one of the most important strategies for improving infant survival rates. Generally, breastfeeding is practiced all over the world, though with variation in duration. This study therefore examined the level of knowledge and perception of exclusive breastfeeding among pregnant women in Ikorodu, Lagos State. Methodology: In this study, a convenience sampling method was used in selecting 174 respondents from the two selected private hospitals in Ikorodu, Lagos. The instrument for this study was a questionnaire which was well-structured and data obtained from the questionnaire was coded and then inputted into the computer. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 was used for this analysis. Inferential statistics such as logistic regression and Pearson’s correlation test were also used to check for association. The level of significance used was 0.05. Result: The result of the study revealed that most (39.1%) of the respondents were between the ages of 25-29 years. Majority (69.5%) of the respondents were married and most (42%) of the respondents had tertiary education. Respondents’ level of knowledge measured on a 14-point rating scale showed that the respondents scored a mean of 5.22±2.28 which translated to a level of knowledge prevalence of 37.3%. Respondents’ perception measured on a 108-point rating showed that they scored a mean of 66.23±8.12 translated to perception prevalence of 61%. Conclusion: In conclusion, younger mothers practiced exclusive breastfeeding, while older mothers practiced non-exclusive breastfeeding of their babies. Mothers with a higher level of education practiced exclusive breastfeeding, while mothers with low or no educational attainment practiced non-exclusive breastfeeding of their babies.
| 7 |
Author(s):
Ruby Santos-Matibag (RN, RM, EdD), Roberto C. Sombillo (RN, RM, PhD).
Page No : 75-84
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Impact Study on Health Beyond Bar Extension Services of the Bataan Peninsula State University College of Nursing and Midwifery
Abstract
Health Beyond Bar (HBB) is 4-year project aimed to help persons deprived of liberty (PDLs) at Bataan District Jail in Balanga to improve health conditions and situations through provision of health service and health education.
A medical clinic was established in 2015 under the auspices of the College of Nursing and Midwifery and financial assistance from Bataan Governor and Department of Health.
To assess the impact and determine objectives attainment, the study delved on: What is the level of increment of trained and educated PDLs in the HBB program? What are the health problems managed from the period of 2019 to 2020? What is the prevalence rate of communicable diseases managed from the period of 2017 to 2020? Are there significant differences in the prevalence rate of communicable diseases managed in the facility?
Records review and data scrutiny were used. A consistent percentage increment of trained PDLs creating an impact in their health conditions was observed. Number of trainings conducted in 2018 compared to other years also have increased. Eight common health problems were managed by the clinic and a considerable increase in the number of these were managed in the clinic. Prevalence of Tuberculosis and Sexually Transmitted Diseases have considerably declined. An erratic prevalence in skin disease was observed. Likewise, it’s prevalence was noted to be significant, while the rest of the health conditions were not significantly different.
A new strategy of implementation of Health Education Session and Training may be adopted where offerings may be done on a two-week cycle per quarterly. A more innovative delivery of training programs may improve the numbers and retention of information shared. A robust approach to health education related to skin disease may be devised. Lastly, the Medical Clinic may use creative information drive in compliance and monitoring of prevalent health conditions.
| 8 |
Author(s):
Sodimu Jeminat Omotade, Dr. Ngozi Okafor, Fadipe Ololade Omolayo, Mosuro Oluremi Tajat.
Page No : 85-101
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Prevalence of Burnout Syndrome among Clinical Nurses Working at State Hospital, Ijaye, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
Abstract
Even though burnout syndrome is detected in professionals from various areas, prevalence is particularly high in service and care workers, especially health and care ones. Among those, nurses have been the subject of several studies, because they experience constant stressful labour situations, working in direct contact with patients who have different expectations and degrees of suffering. It is, therefore, necessary to conduct a study to determine the prevalence of the symptoms of burnout among nurses in hospitals in an effort to anticipate the negative impact of burnout on hospital nursing services. Consequently, this study aims to determine the level, knowledge and prevention among clinical nurses. A descriptive design was adopted for this study which was conducted in State Hospital, Ijaye, Abeokuta. A total of 100 respondents were used for the study, a stratified sampling technique was used to select the participants. A modified, structured, closed-ended questionnaire was used. Analysis was presented in tables, charts and percentages. Nearly all the causes listed in the questionnaire were seen as factors causing burnout in clinical nurses (99% of working long hours). 96%: from patients and families. Furthermore, it was found out that the majority of the nurses agreed to items listed in the questionnaire as things a nurse can do to prevent burnout, establishing social support; 94%, set goals for self; 99% etc. This implies that the majority of the nurses know what they can do to prevent burnout. Aside from free study grants, job opportunities that are most likely to attract young people, what can be done to retain nurses are to improve job satisfaction, patient safety, quality of health care and quality of life for both nurses and patients.
| 9 |
Author(s):
Eunice Ogonna Osuala, Oluebubechukwu Amarachukwu Udi, Idang Neji Ojong, Elizabeth Nnenda Oduali.
Page No : 102-111
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Relationship Between Socio-Demographic Variables and Risky Sexual Behaviour among Undergraduates in Tertiary Institutions in Rivers State, Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Abstract
Background: Significant empirical surveys have been made to investigate sociodemographic factors contributing to Risky Sexual Behaviours among young people. However, there are concerns regarding what influences Risky Sexual Behaviours. The purpose of the study is to examine the relationship between the sociodemographic variables and Risky Sexual Behaviours among undergraduate students in tertiary institutions. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate students at two tertiary institutions in Rivers State, Nigeria to investigate the relationship between sociodemographic variables and Risky Sexual Behaviours. Undergraduate students in years one and two from departments of Nursing Science and Medicine and Surgery in PAMO University of Medical Sciences and University of Port Harcourt, College of Medicine were recruited for the study. Two hundred and eighty (280) undergraduate students were randomly selected from a total of 491 as participants in the study. Descriptive and inferential analysis of data using SPSS version 20 was done. Results: Data showed that 60% of the respondents were from the University of Port Harcourt, while 40% were from PAMO University of Medical Sciences. The majority of the students (78.9%) were between 16 -20years, while only 0.7% of the students were ≥31years. Findings revealed that there is no significant relationship between respondents’ sociodemographic variables and awareness of, attitude to risky sexual behaviour. It was found that only gender and age significantly influence practices with an R2 of 0.22. Conclusion: Risky sexual behaviour among young people is significantly associated with age and gender.
