| 1 |
Author(s):
Solomon Binga Lezuya (Ph.D.), Kaka Olusegun Jimoh (Ph.D.), Sarki Samuel Msheliza (Ph.D.).
Page No : 1-17
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Conflict Between Farmers and Herdsmen on Food Stability in Taraba State
Abstract
ABSTRACT
One major problem confronting the national peace of Nigeria today is the manifestation of conflicts between farmers and herders in different dimensions across the country. The conflict has spread over wide geographical areas in Nigeria and Taraba State in particular. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the impact of farmers and herders’ conflicts on food production, food availability, food stability, food utilization in Taraba state. Three objectives, three research questions and three hypotheses we adopted to guide this study. The study utilized the survey research method and sampled 385 respondents using multi stage sampling technique. The data for this study was obtained from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data was generated from field survey using a structured questionnaire. The study utilized data and infrastructure from study multiple policy documents in State Ministry of Agriculture, Jalingo. Data generated from the field was complemented by extensive review on the farmer herders conflicts. The data collected were analyzed using p table and percentage and Pearson Correlation was used to test the hypotheses. The study findings revealed that there exists a significant relationship between farmers and herdsmen conflicts, and food stability problems in Taraba State, also there is significant relationship between farmers and herdsmen conflicts, and food availability in Taraba State, amongst others. The study concluded that herdsmen do not recognize the existence of any boundary in terms of their grazing coming in hundreds, usually fully armed with modern guns, and they move with thousands of cattle sparing no farm. Thus, government should establish sustainable cattle ranching in different parts of Taraba states and to encourage medium technique in cattle rearing to curb the menace of farmers and herders clashes.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Kaka Olusegun Jimoh (Ph.D.), Sarki Samuel Mshelizah (Ph.D.), Solomon Binga Lezuya (Ph.D.).
Page No : 18-35
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United Nations Mission Contribution Towards Conflict Resolution in Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, 1991-2019
Abstract
This study looks into the UN Mission and Conflict Resolution in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic from 1991 to 2019. Since 1975, when Spain granted the region to Morocco and Mauritania, Western Sahara has been in a state of political turmoil. The analysis used a descriptive and historical research style. A total of fifteen military personnel who have served or are currently serving in MINURSO, as well as two related civilians, were interviewed via Skype, Whatsapp, Messenger, and face-to-face interviews, with additional information obtained from journals and published books. The philosophy embraced and deemed important for this analysis was the Paris-proposed Liberal Peace. For the analysis, two research questions and objectives were established. The data was analysed using a descriptive and contextual approach. According to the findings, the unresolved disagreements over the status of Western Sahara include, among other things, the weak performance of the UN mission mandate, regional dominance squabbles between Algeria and Morocco, and finally, the combined super powers' self-interest and struggle for supremacy, which makes the resolution of the Western Sahara conflict difficult. The study suggests, among other things, that the UN move forward with the Settlement Plan's transitional and referendum phases. Major powers should once again avoid prioritizing their self-interests to the detriment of the general welfare of the local population impacted by the Western Sahara conflict.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Sarki Samuel Mshelizah (Ph.D.), Solomon Binga Lezuya (Ph.D.), Kaka Olusegun Jimoh (Ph.D.).
Page No : 36-51
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Impact of Boko Haram Insurgency on the Socioeconomic Development of Borno State, Northern Nigeria
Abstract
This study examined the impact of Boko Haram Insurgency on the socio-economic development of Borno State, Nigeria. Three research objectives, three research questions and three research hypotheses were formulated to guide this study. The study was based on the Karl Marx Theory of Violence Conflict. The study was a descriptive survey and was carried out in Borno State. A sample size of 400 respondents was determined using the Taro Yamani formula. The respondents were made up of Military personnel and civilians which were selected based on a multi-stage sampling technique. Questionnaire and Interview were the instruments used for data collection. The instrument gave high reliability of 0.84 when subjected to a reliability test using the Cronbach Alpha method. Collated data from the study were analyzed using frequency, mean, standard deviation and regression analysis. Results from this study showed that there existed a weak relationship between Boko Haram insurgency and economic activities, food, security, and educational development in Borno State. The study concluded that the Boko Haram situation demands the articulation of a comprehensive strategy and the political will to address its root causes and dangerous dynamics, focusing on inhibiting opportunities for recruitment and radicalization, and choke its financial windpipe, amongst others. The study noted that the Nigerian military has too often taken civilian casualties too easy into account. By killing citizens in the North, the population's frustration against the military increases, thereby increasing Boko Haram's appeal as an alternative. Thus, it recommended that the government should rather put its focus on the protection of civilians, witnesses and key peacemakers such as moderate Imams who preach against the insurgency.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Désiré Aurèle Mbang Essono.
Page No : 52-69
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The Judge and The Right of Preemption Land in Cameroon
Abstract
The action of the Cameroonian judge in the context of the preservation of land ownership faced with the right of pre-emption remains very marginal. On the other hand, thanks to the increase in its field of competence, the administrative judge has been erected as a full-fledged protector of the property of private persons subject to pre-emption. Through his action, the administrative judge should ensure that land pre-emption operations comply with the law. In the event of non-compliance with legality, the respondent could be held liable. Moreover, the Cameroonian legal system reserves a traditional place for the judicial judge in the protection of pre-empted land ownership, as he contributes through his office to counter any infringement of land ownership. The judicial judge's field of competence could have been broadened with the possibility of carrying out legality control of land pre-emption operations, but this attribution of competence remains very clearly defined.
| 5 |
Author(s):
C.O. Okwelum (Ph.D).
Page No : 70-84
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Resource Curse Thesis: Nigerian Experience of Oil Theft
Abstract
The emergence of the crime of oil theft and illegal refineries is not sudden but the realization of its negative economic impact on the national economy and the business of multinational oil companies have taken the State and the companies by storm shortly after the Presidential proclamation of amnesty in 2009 was configured to fob-off militancy in the Niger Delta of Nigeria. This paper attempts to address the resource curse of oil theft and illegal refineries in the region from a legal theoretical framework running through the various socio-legal theories through which the crime can be viewed and explained. It panders to the critical theoretical school which attributes the causes mainly to State and multinational oil company failures in infrastructural development and social responsibility commitments to the indigenous minority ethnic communities of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria rather than the orthodox school which blames the militants for ‘greed not grievance’ instincts. It employs the analytical, historical and doctrinal methods in presenting and analyzing its research data and in drawing its conclusions. The paper finds that two major and mutually repugnant tendencies in the explanation of the crime crop up from the research records. The one pursued by State actors which is anti-recognition and vehemently opposed to oil theft and local refineries and which calls for their bombardments and annihilation through the instrumentality of military strike force, JTF, and the other which is purveyed by non-State actors which is pro-oil theft that believes that the best approach ought to be condonation, legal regulation and mainstreaming of the phenomenon as part of an indigenous building block of development. This latter perspective discountenances the employment of brute force in the confrontation of the phenomenon and is thus recommended in this paper.
| 6 |
Author(s):
C.O. Okwelum, PhD .
Page No : 85-101
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Oil Theft: Deregulation or Contracting Security to Militants?
Abstract
Oil theft in the Niger Delta, where the Nigerian economy derives its mainstay, has now acquired the front burner in oil and gas scholarly discourse because of the alarming regularity of the scourge. Several perspectives have emerged in the narratives particularly in the ideological spectrum, but there appears to be conflicting policies directed toward combating the challenge of theft. This paper, which adopts the doctrinal research methodology, examines the twin issues of deregulation and security for the critical assets—the oil installations and pipeline facilities. While government investigation panels, that have critically studied the problems, have advised for deregulation, the State appears to be treading the opposite line of retaining the commanding heights and engaging militants and natives in securing the assets. This approach has not encouraged private initiatives and indigenous technology transfer but has put the State on the defensive and therefore requires shift.
