| 1 |
Author(s):
Buhari Samaila, M.N Yahaya, Nasiru Abubakar.
Page No : 1-7
|
Delineating Comparative Studies on Biogas Production from Camel, Donkey and Horse Dungs
Abstract
The cost and the health effects of using other forms of energy, such as energy from fossil fuels and coal, make it necessary to find alternative sources of energy which are cheap and have no health effects on humans, animals and the environment. The energy derived from animal wastes, such as camel, donkey and horse dung, provide that alternative source of energy to humanity. To treat the problem of fossil fuel usage and greenhouse gas emissions, biogas is considered a potential source of clean renewable energy. The aim of this work is to compare the amount of biogas produced from cow, horse and camel dung. This work used three 1 litre capacity plastic gallons as prototype biodigesters. These biodigesters were operated and daily gas produced from the dung was observed for 37 days retention time. The digesters were fed with the same proportion of dung from each animal, and water. The operating temperatures of the digesters were maintained within the range of 34-390C, while pH values of the slurries ranged from 4.90 to 7.3. The biogas produced in 37 days retention time were found to be (4550 cm3)/150g for camels, (2210 cm3)/150g for donkeys and (4000 cm3 )/150g for horses. It was observed that the dungs were stagnant for one week, and the more the retention time, the more gas was produced. This investigation revealed that the gas production process was started on day 7, due to the fact that those animals were fed with fibrous materials and a longer time is required for digesting fibrous materials by microorganisms. The results obtained are compared in order of camel > horse > donkey. It was found that camels produce the highest volume of gas followed by horse and then donkey. The process of methane gas production, if extended to the commercial scale, would not only provide an alternative source of energy but would also be a means of environmental sanitation for the study area and Nigeria at large.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Adebayo Adeniyi D., Christian Adi.
Page No : 8-26
|
Voltage and Frequency Control for Hybrid Stand-Alone Power Systems For Isolated Communities
Abstract
This paper proposes a control and overall coordination of a hybrid stand-alone power system. The system may comprise a wind turbine, fuel cell, electrolyzer, battery storage, diesel generator and a set of loads. The overall control planning of the hybrid system is based on a two-level structure. The top-level is the energy management and power regulation system. Depending on wind and load conditions, this system generates reference dynamic operating points to low-level individual sub-systems. The energy management and power regulation system also controls the load scheduling operation during unfavourable wind conditions with inadequate energy storage in order to avoid a system black-out. Based on the reference dynamic operating points of the individual sub-systems, the local controllers control the wind turbine, fuel cell, electrolyzer and battery storage units. The proposed control system is implemented in MATLAB Simpower software and tested for various wind and load conditions. Results are presented and elucidated.
| 3 |
Author(s):
M. A. Adedeji, T. A. Adegboye, I. K. Adesina, O. O. Ajayi, N. A. Azeez.
Page No : 27-41
|
Construction and Evaluation of a Vertical Motorized Feed Mixer
Abstract
In order to reduce the overall cost of poultry production by small scale farmers, a motorized feed mixer was modified, fabricated and evaluated. The mixer consists of an outer drum, an inner mixing chamber and an auger. All these components were vertically oriented for mixing operation. There was a hopper located at the base of the mixer for loading the materials and a chute for the discharging of mixed products. It was modified to work through a central rotating auger fixed on a shaft that carries a pulley of diameter 185 mm. The rotational motion was transmitted from a motor through a V-belt to the pulley shaft. A 5-0 hp electric motor with 1440 rpm was used to drive the machine. Mixing was achieved as the auger conveyed the feed materials from the bottom to the top, in a continuous rotational motion. The mixer was evaluated using a whole corn kernel (WCK) at 15.35 % (d.b) and small pieces of coloured paper (CP) of 5x5 mm² as tracers in ground maize as base materials. The auger pitch was reduced from 90.0 mm to 85.0 mm to increase the number of pitches from 10 to 12. This modification increased the throughput capacity of the mixer from 50.0 kg to 70.0 kg. The mixed material was delivered through the delivery chute after mixing. Mixing time values evaluated were 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0 and 10.0 mins. The test results showed that maximum mixing occurred at 6.0 mins for coloured paper and 8.0 mins for whole kernel corn.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Awogbemi Clement Adeyeye, Olowu Abiodun Rafiu.
Page No : 42-51
|
Probabilities of Misclassification Linked with Inverse Hyperbolic Sine Normal (IHSN) Distribution
Abstract
Probability of misclassification occurs when there is a choice of criteria that is not favourable for classification. The probabilities of misclassification associated with a family of Johnson’s system, the Inverse Hyperbolic Sine Normal distribution, was developed in this study. The distribution theory and rules, along with the formulation of the system, were generated. It was asserted that the estimation of the parameters of the system could be demystified if one or more variables under consideration are distributed normally.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Edison Kagona.
Page No : 52-90
|
Blockchain-Based Convolutional Neural Network E-Voting Scheme
Abstract
SQL injection attack is now the most common server-side attack in web applications whereby malicious codes are injected into the database through user input fields by unauthorized users and this could lead to data loss or in the worst case, to database hijacking. The utilization of Blockchain technology in e-voting applications is not a new thing. Many systems have been proposed using cryptography and other security techniques. In those systems, minimal involvement of third party is observed, a problem of coercion resistance and transparency maintenance at the same time is observed and most processes have not been implemented to evaluate the systems further. This paper applies the cryptographic signatures to validate the origin and integrity of the votes by preserving the voter’s choices during the election process. Then, the convolutional neural network (CNN), a regularized version of the multilayer perceptron in the system, is also applied to analyze visual imagery upon registration. Furthermore, the authors provide several possible extensions and improvements that can be made as an addition to the scope of this research.
