| 1 |
Author(s):
Bitiyong Zemo J. Amina, Sheriff Ghali Ibrahim.
Page No : 1-7
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Impact of Poverty on Nigerian Youths and Security Dilemma: A Theoretical Approach
Abstract
The paper examines the impact of poverty on Nigerian youths and security dilemma, having a theoretical linkage. It also analyses the political process of Nigeria and how it manipulates the youths in contributing to insecurity. With the aid of historical-descriptive research from the secondary methodology, findings show that since independence, Nigerian politics has been characterized by various forms of violence such as ballot snatching, thuggery, bloodshed and assassination. The level poverty has also created extremist and terrorist groups, some with religious coloration and some with ethnic and regional affiliations. This in most cases has led to a condition of insecurity. In all the violence that surrounds Nigerian politics, poverty and youth linkage is the root cause, because youths are the perpetrators of every violent political act in Nigeria as influenced by the political predators. The paper concludes that Poverty is believed to be the root cause of all violence especially in a society where youths population is significant. Nigeria has been engulfed at different intervals by political, religious and ethnic conflicts engendered as a result of poor youths’ handling where they are swayed by little cash and drugs. This menace cannot abate without a greater youth empowerment, education and drastic national orientation. The paper recommends that massive employment opportunities be provided, the inflow of foreign direct investment be promoted and constant workshops, seminars, conferences should be periodically organized for religious and political elites to acquaint them with current and usable information on how to curb the menace of youths’ poverty and insecurity in Nigeria.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Abejide Lewis Olumuyiwa, Abubakar Alhassan, Ayiwulu Ezekiel.
Page No : 8-20
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Covid-19: Beliefs and Attitudes of Mobile Populace Toward its Spread and Prevention in Selected Local Government Areas of Ibadan, Oyo State
Abstract
The study examined the beliefs and attitudes of mobile populace, particularly, the commercial motorcyclists and their passengers toward the spread, prevention of and the roles of governments on Covid-19. Conspiracy theory provided the theoretical framework. Research survey design and quantitative methods were adopted for data collection. Two Local Government Areas (LGAs) were selected in Ibadan, namely: Ibadan North-west and Egbeda. Ifeleye/Ogunpa and Iyana Agbala garages were purposively selected in the two LGAs, respectively. A structured questionnaire on beliefs, attitudes and government roles toward the spread and prevention of Covid-19 was administered on 50 motorcyclists in each garage. Descriptive statistics were used for data analyses. The findings showed that a motorcyclist in the selected garages has an average of 20 trips and body contacts with 80 probable carriers of Covid-19 per day. Nearly all (98.8%) respondents believed Covid-19 is real, and mostly (43.8%) informed of the virus through social media. Close to three-fifths (58.7%) of the respondents in Iyana Agbala garage disagreed with some religious leaders’ denial of Covid-19, while 25.8 per cent in Ifeleye/Ogunpa agreed. Majority (62.2%) of the respondents in both garages believed Covid-19 spreads through coughing and sneezing. Nearly all the respondents (97.9%) in both garages always use face mask. Over half of the respondents (53.3%) suggested arrest and fine for flouting the health guidelines preventing the spread of the pandemic. Covid-19 is real and has come to stay, therefore, governments at all levels should intensify enlightenment programmes to mitigate the clinical transmission and prevention.
| 3 |
Author(s):
L.E.O Abejide, Tasi’u M., Ogah H.I..
Page No : 21-40
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Inequality in Global Distribution of Skilled Health Personnel: A Health-Related Disaster to Achieving SDG 3 in Sub-Saharan Africa
Abstract
Nearly all countries in the Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) could not achieve the set targets of MDG 4 and 5 due to shortage of skilled health personnel. According to literature, the shortage (health-related disaster) was chiefly caused by the migration of health professionals from SSA to developed and rich countries and this has resulted to the weak health systems experiencing in the sub-continent. However, the first two set targets of SDG 3 meant to consolidate MDG 4 and 5 would be difficult to achieve, if the health workers shortage is not addressed. The paper therefore x-rays the trends and causes of skilled health personnel migration and how their migration is militating against achieving SDG 3. Ten countries were selected from SSA, based on their population size: three countries from the western and two each from the central, eastern and southern. Four prominent destination countries of migrant skilled personnel from SSA were equally selected. Data on migration of health professionals was collected from Southwestern Nigeria, while secondary data on child and maternal mortality were adopted and analyzed from the WHO and NDHS. The findings show that skilled health personnel are migrating to the rich and developed countries. The reasons of their migration are still pivoted on “Push-Pull” factors. The neonatal, under-five and maternal mortality (disaster) is still high in the selected SSA countries, particularly countries with low population size. The ratio of one skilled health personnel to a number of patients in SSA is significantly low compared to those of the rich and developed countries. The paper therefore concludes that for SSA countries to achieve SDG 3, government of both the sending and receiving countries, with the aid from international community should work towards the implementation of the WHO Global Code of Practice on the International Recruitment of Health Personnel in 2010.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Emeribe Kehinde Yejide (Ph.D).
Page No : 41-53
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The World Economic Forum (WEF) Global Gender Gap Index and Bridging the Gender Disparity Gap: A Comparative Assessment by Global Regions
Abstract
In more recent times, global attention has been drawn to the issue of gender disparity across the world. The World Economic Forum (WEF) Global Gender Gap Index, a yearly report that focuses on assessing the status and progress made in bridging the Global Gender Gap that exists between men and women in the Education, Economic, Political and health sectors have been in the fore front of this divide. This paper, adopting a comparative Analysis method, examines the WEF Global Gender Gap Index 2020 report against the backdrop of bridging the gender Disparity Gap within nations that are divided into world regions. The aim was to compare and contrast how nations that make up each regional sub division has been able to bridge the Gender Disparity Gap and how this has affected the region which they occupy significantly, viz-a-viz, bridging the Disparity Gap between men and women within the nations in particular and the region at large. Conclusion indicate that some regions, nations that make up these regions, have made a good progress in bridging the Disparity Gap, while some other regions with their nations are still lagging behind. Recommendations suggests, amongst others, the need for a gender friendly environment across borders, both globally and locally and a strong political will to drive home this most important course.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Akkas Ahamed, Md. Masum Sikdar.
Page No : 54-68
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An Analytical Review on Sino-Indian Relations in the Context of Some Geostrategic and Geo-economic Issues
Abstract
China is a growing economy with huge population and military power in East Asia. On the other hand, India is also a growing economy with vast population and substantial military power in the South Asia. Both China and India have long borders. Geo-strategically, both countries are very important to the world. These two countries have been confronting each other along the borders for several decades; and both countries are claiming sovereignty over each other’s administered territories as their respective land. Besides, Indian Ocean’s geostrategic location for trade and safe navigation purposes has drawn global attention. Both China and India are very active in the South Asian, South East Asian, African and Middle East countries to expand their geostrategic and geopolitical influence. But, without a peaceful and stable co-existence of these two neighbors, sustainable development is impossible in the entire region. This study has discussed some geostrategic and geo-economic issues of the relationship between China and India. The study has found that the relationship between the two countries is not very good. The main aim of this study is to find a political solution through trade and investment, regional connectivity and people to people contacts between the two countries. In the conclusion part of this study, there has been provided with some policy recommendations to improve the relationship between China and India. Methodologically it is a qualitative study. Moreover, it has carried out some field surveys to know the people’s perception on Sino-Indian relations. We have exchanged views with the different people on Sino-Indian relationship. Therefore, there has been mixed both types of methods in carrying out this study.
| 6 |
Author(s):
Zakariyya Muhammad Sarki, Ado Umar Lalu.
Page No : 69-79
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Speaking from Behind Bars: A Survey on Women Inmates in Katsina and Kano Prisons, Nigeria
Abstract
This study explored the sociodemographic markers of women inmates, the types of crime they indulged in, the predisposing factors for their criminal behaviour as well as the consequences of their offence. It was a self-report descriptive study, and a population survey was used. A total of 42 inmates were administered a questionnaire. It was found that most of the inmates were in their young age, mostly married, many with no formal education and a large number of them were self-employed. Also, most of them were involved in domestic violence and prostitution; the involvements were significantly related to their sociodemographic attributes. For most of the inmates, poverty and unemployment were the main predisposing factors for their crimes. The main consequences of women crime were broken homes and stigmatisation. Recommendations are, therefore, offered to governments and other stakeholders on the ways to reduce the problem of women involvement in crimes.
| 7 |
Author(s):
Emeribe Kehinde Yejide (Ph.D).
Page No : 80-87
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Venezuela’s Presidential Crisis 2019, America’s Interest and the Tendency Towards an External Military Intervention by the United States of America
Abstract
In recent times, US infringement in the Venezuelan Presidential Crisis of 2019 has spurred reactions all over the world. Washington’s support for the self-declared opposition leader of Venezuela, Juan Guaido, over the legitimate and democratically elected President, Nicholas Maduro has intensified since the former was recognised as the country’s leader over the latter by the US and her allies. Venezuela became a nation to reckon with since the discovery of crude oil in 1922. Presently, she has the highest oil reserves in the world with over 300billion barrels. Since the discovery of oil, different Venezuelan regimes have been faced by several attempts by the United States of America to gain control over the Nation’s oil wealth, just like history bears record in Iraq and Libya before it. It is against this backdrop of US infringement into the affairs of oil rich Nations and their ultimate bid to ensure their interest in control their resources by any means, not excluding an external military intervention, that this paper focused on. Adopting a qualitative research method and the content analysis data collection and data analysis technique, we were able to establish the assumption that the US is strongly inclined to an external military intervention in Venezuela in order to ensure that the interest she has at stake-the Venezuelan oil reserves –eventually falls into her hands.
| 8 |
Author(s):
Etaga Harrison O., Etaga Njideka C., Aforka Kenechukwu F..
Page No : 88-96
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The Relationship Between Post UTME and UTME Scores of Students Admitted into Universities in Nigeria
Abstract
Until recently entrance examination and admission into Nigerian Universities were decentralized. Individual universities conducted entrance examinations and admission into their various universities. This decentralization of university admission brought about numerous problems among which were multiple admission of a student at the detriment of other students who have not gained admission, irregularities and malpractices. To address these problems JAMB was introduced in 1977 in order to centralize and coordinate university admissions in Nigeria. For almost three decades of JAMB conducting entrance examination and admissions in Nigeria universities (1997-2006), the body has faced a lot of criticisms by most scholars and leaders in the country. JAMB conduct was seen as an inconsistent and incompetent entrance examination in Nigeria universities. Due to the perceived lapses in the JAMB conducted examination which was characterized by examination malpractices which made the result of candidates doubtful, Nigerian Universities decided to conduct another screening test which is called Post UTME for the candidates who were able to score from 180 and above. Therefore, there is need to find out the degree of correlations between candidates’ scores in UTME and Post-UTME in order to determine whether the introduction of the Post-UTME by Nigerian universities is justifiable or not. Data were collected for five years 2010-2014 and were analyzed using correlation analysis. The result showed that candidates’ scores in Jamb don’t actually represent their true scores or ability. There is a weak relationship that existed between candidates’ scores in JAMB and their corresponding score in PUTME. In the period under study. The results of the research work imply that: Jamb scores of candidates differ from their corresponding scores in PUTME. It is better to maintain the two examination so as to act as check and balance for the screening of candidates seeking admission into the universities.
| 9 |
Author(s):
Uche Nnyagu (Ph.D).
Page No : 97-108
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At the Peak of the Disillusionment: A Revisit to Chinua Achebe and the Need for the Recovery of the Igbo Identity
Abstract
Africans in general and Igbo people in particular, are like the proverbial woman who has married two different husbands at different times who soon discovered who, between the two, is better. It is decades after the Europeans colonization of different parts of Africa and many Africans are getting disillusioned. Before the coming of the Europeans, Africans used to be gregarious. The Europeans came with their culture which they successfully imposed on Africa and many docile Africans are brainwashed into believing in the superiority of the Europeans’ tradition. Being brainwashed, that the African traditions are barbaric, the Africans jettisoned their own culture and tradition and then, things began to fall apart. Years after the Europeans had left Africa, many Africans who had become more Catholic than the Pope, and who had embraced the white man’s tradition almost completely annihilated the remaining tradition thereby making the society hollow. Things keep going from worse to worst as a result of the annihilation of the tradition and the consequent embrace of the align tradition. This paper looks at the society under the traditional religion and the contemporary society, and concluded that the society has corrupted by Christianity and therefore, recommends that Africans have a rethink and save their heritage.
