Abstract:

This study examines the transient response of synchronous machines in a 132kV transmission grid power system utilizing 4th order Runge Kutta algorithms. In order to determine the critical clearance angle (CCA) and critical clearing time (CCT) of the transmission grid, a three-phase fault was intentionally introduced. Data were gathered from the Transmission Company Nigeria (TCN) for the specific purpose of analysis and simulation. The Electrical Transient and Analysis Program (ETAP 19.1) is utilized with circuit breaker and relay time settings of (0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.10, 0.12, 0.14, 0.16, 0.18, 0.2) to examine the differential variations in generator rotor angles, alterations in generator bus voltage, and changes in system frequency. The obtained results demonstrate that the 4th order Runge Kutta numerical technique is stable and accurate. It exhibits a fast response critical clearing time (CCT) of 0.02s and a critical clearing angle of 76.9 degrees, which is very close to the expected value of 81.5 degrees. The average critical angle was determined from the simulated results. Additionally, a lower percentage error of -51% was observed at the moment of disturbance. The 4th order Runge-Kutta numerical technique is superior due to its sustainability, faster computation, and stability in the presence of transient disturbances, as demonstrated in the study case. It is crucial to promptly and accurately coordinate the circuit breakers and protection relays in order to rapidly clear a symmetrical 3 phase fault at any bus. This will improve the stability margin of the network.