Global Perspectives on Laterite Mining and Extraction and its Environmental Implications for Nigeria.

Abstract:

This paper explores the economic, environmental and social aspect of laterite mining techniques in Nigeria and around the world. Tropical and subtropical climates are home to the rich iron and aluminium oxide-containing soil and rock known as laterite. The article examines the several kinds of laterite deposits found in Nigeria, such as siliceous, bauxitic and ferruginous laterites. The economic significance of laterite mining is derived from its contribution to the construction, steel, iron and aluminium sectors. But there are also serious environmental problems associated with laterite mining like soil erosion, water contamination and deforestation. Energy-intensive character of mineral processing may increase emissions of greenhouse gases. Uncontrolled mining operations have the potential to uproot communities, worsen social injustices and fuel violence. This paper highlights the weaknesses of the regulatory framework in Nigeria, including weak enforcement, inadequate community engagement and limited financial provisions for mine closure and rehabilitation, Laterite mining offers economic benefits through provision of materials for building and road construction as well as the production of aluminium, iron and other valuable minerals. Finally, governments should implement stricter enforcement mechanisms for existing mining regulations. KEY WORDS: Laterite, Environment, Mining, Extraction and Land Degradation.