Abstract:

This study analyzed the macadamia value chain in Chipinge District, Manicaland, using 2022 cross-sectional survey data from 150 growers, 6 traders, and 2 processors selected through stratified, random, and purposive sampling. Functional analysis identified key actors: input suppliers, estate, medium-scale, and smallholder farmers, merchants, and processors, engaged in input supply, cultivation, local processing, and export of nut-in-shells. Cost–return analysis showed smallholders earned the lowest profit (US$0.58/kg) compared to merchants (US$0.68), estate farmers (US$0.67), and processors (US$2.20). Value addition was highest among processors (US$3.80), followed by smallholders (US$1.25), estates (US$1.14), and merchants (US$0.97). Smallholders faced limited skills, weak markets, and low prices, while merchants and processors reported poor quality and high taxes. The study recommends targeted extension support, improved finance, high-yielding varieties, and stronger coordination to enhance smallholder participation and competitiveness through increased exports of processed macadamia products.