Determinants of Tuberculosis Prevention Among PLWHIV/AIDS Attending Pepfar Clinic Adeoyo Teaching Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State

Abstract:

The best way to reduce the rate of mortality and morbidity of the people living with HIV/AIDS(PLWHIV/AIDS) is to prevent opportunistic infections such as tuberculosis, through the use of WHO three I’s: (i ) isoniazid preventive therapy(IPT), (ii) infection control(IC), (iii) intensify case findings (ICF). Tuberculosis is a global concern of everyone most especially among the people living with HIV/AIDS due to their immuno suppression that make them vulnerable to an opportunistic infection. Hence, the researcher investigated the determinants of TB prevention among PLWHIV/AIDS attending PEPFAR clinic Adeoyo Teaching Hospital Ibadan Oyo-State., Nigeria. A survey research design was adopted for this study while total enumeration was used to select the participants of the study. Descriptive survey research design was used. A Self –designed questionnaire was used for data collection, which was pilot tested through test-re-test and yielded a reliability coefficient (index) of 0.756. Four research questions and three hypotheses were formulated and tested. Analysis of data was done using descriptive statistics and Chi-square analysis fixed at the .05 significant levels. A total of 110 respondents participated in the study. Their age ranged from 20-63 years with a mean age of 41.5 years. The study further revealed no significant difference in the knowledge of the TB prevention and the gender of the PLWHIV/AIDS (χ2 = 15.797, P < 0.05). but there is a significant difference in the use of isoniazid preventive therapy among PLWHIV/AIDS (χ2 = 9.298, P< 0.05). The study concluded that the use of Isoniazid preventive therapy, effective infection control, early commencement of antiretroviral drug is some of the best strategies for preventing TB among PLWHIV/AIDS. Based on the outcome of this study, it was recommended that there is need to focus more on intensifying case finding, household contacts tracing and mass media campaigns to create awareness on TB prevention among the people living with HIV/AIDS.