The Intersection of Demographics and Immunization Beliefs among Nursing Mothers.

Abstract:

Background: This research aims to elucidate the influence of demographic factors on nursing mothers' beliefs regarding childhood immunization in Ondo State, Nigeria. By identifying key variables, the study seeks to inform public health strategies that could enhance vaccination rates and improve child health outcomes. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey design was employed, utilizing a structured questionnaire to collect data from 400 mothers attending post-natal clinics in selected health facilities across Ondo East and West Local Government Areas (LGAs). The sample size was determined using Cochran’s formula, ensuring a representative sample. Multistage sampling techniques were applied, with health facilities grouped into clusters for systematic random sampling. The questionnaire, validated for face and content, consisted of four sections addressing study variables. Pre-testing was conducted with a Cronbach alpha reliability score of 0.69 for beliefs respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0, employing descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Among respondents aged 21-30 years, 36.3% exhibited positive beliefs about immunization, though no significant correlation with age was found (r=0.103; p>0.05). Conversely, education significantly influenced beliefs; 23.9% of those with tertiary education demonstrated higher positive beliefs (r=0.163; p0.05). A significant portion of nursing mothers expressed skepticism regarding vaccination safety, with 41.7% strongly disagreeing that vaccines cause more harm than diseases they prevent. Conclusion: The findings underscore the urgent need to address nursing mothers' beliefs about childhood immunization in Ondo State. Education emerged as a critical factor influencing acceptance, while age and religion were less significant. Targeted educational interventions are essential to combat misconceptions about vaccine safety and efficacy, leveraging insights from the Health Belief Model and the Theory of Reasoned Action to enhance health literacy and vaccination coverage in the region.