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Author(s):
Christiana Olanrewaju Sowunmi, Adetunmise Oluseyi Olajide, Olaolorunpo Olorunfemi, Olufunke Mercy Iwaola, Oluwayemisi Florence Adeyemo.
Page No : 1-14
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Enhancing Knowledge of Traditional Birth Attendants for the Identification of Selected Labor Emergencies
Abstract
Objectives: In Nigeria, the number of professional midwives available for care of pregnant women and their babies is inadequate; hence, most pregnant women are attended to by Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs). Studies show that TBAs have poor knowledge of how to identify obstetrics complications. Aim: To determine the effectiveness of a training program on enhancing the knowledge of TBAs in the identification of some selected labor emergencies. Materials and Methods: An experimental research design was conducted with probability sampling to select sample size (n = 111 TBAs). A modified, structured questionnaire from TBAs knowledge on identification of labor emergencies (TBAs-TPKI) was used for data collection. Data collected were analyzed using Statistical Packages for the Social Science (SPSS) software. Descriptive statistics were used to provide answers to the six research questions of the study while inferential statistics of paired t-test was used to test the hypothesis of the study at 0.05 level of significance. Results: The results show that the mean score on knowledge identification on prolonged labor increased from 4.88±2.54 to 11.56±1.48; obstructed labor from 4.18±2.18 to 5.73±1.26, cord presentation from 2.44 ±1.27 to 5.78 ± 0.74, cord prolapse from 2.79±1.45 to 6.60±0.84, placenta abruptio from3.83±1.99 to 9.08±1.16 and postpartum hemorrhage from 3.48±1.82 to 8.26±1.05. The overall mean score of TBAs on knowledge of identification increased from 21.59 ± 11.26 to 51.19 ± 6.54 post-intervention. There was a significant difference between pre- and post-intervention mean scores of knowledge of TBAs on the identification of all the selected labor emergencies (t = 32.208, p = 0.00). Conclusions: The Ministry of Health in each state should organize regular training for TBAs to target early identification of obstetrics emergencies in order to reduce maternal mortality in Nigeria.
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Author(s):
Emordi Mojisola Adepeju, Aina J. O..
Page No : 15-34
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Assessment of Psychological Well-Being, Social Support and Coping Strategies of Patients with Amputation Attending Clinic at National Orthopaedic Hospital, Igbobi, Lagos, Nigeria
Abstract
Amputation affects the patient physically, psychologically, socially, economically, and spiritually. The highest number of prevalent traumatic amputations was in East Asia and South Asia followed by Western Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East, high-income North America and Eastern Europe. Similarly in Nigeria, amputation has devastating effects on individuals, and on the economy. A number of researchers have invested time and energy in reducing the challenges but it appear that the number of depression and other effects are increasing daily. Therefore, the research aimed at assessing the psychological well-being, social support and coping strategies of patients with amputation. The study adopted a quantitative descriptive cross-sectional designed to investigate the psychological well-being of amputees. Total enumeration was adopted for the research. A validated questionnaire was used with a Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency ranging from 0.81 to 0.81. Data were collected and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23 to generate summaries of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Results showed that the age ranged of the participants were from 25-34 years. The characterization of the degree of Psychological well-being of patients shows that majority of the respondents are of high level of disappointment, discouragement, dissatisfaction and despondent about their present conditions and life. Similarly, the first regression result indicate that there is a significant relationship between the psychological well-being and coping strategies which affects the duration of the amputees attending the clinics with [R2 = .721, R2 adj = .558, F(27, 46) = 4.411, p < .001], therefore this hypothesis was accepted. Also, the second hypothesis indicated that there is a significantly relationship among the psychological well-being, social support and coping strategies of amputees attending clinic with [R2 = .909, R2 adj = .805, F(39, 34) = 8.748, p < .001]. Therefore, this hypothesis was accepted. The study concluded that complexity of psychological well-being, social and coping strategies in the lives of human being and their inter relationships were well exposed and their relationships were evaluated. Future research should be conducted on a larger sample, using a mixed-method approach to uncover a large diversity of coping efforts used, by individuals who had a lower limb amputation.
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Author(s):
Makanjuola John Osuolale, Chiejina Edith Nkechi, Umunnah Joseph O.
Page No : 35-44
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Effect of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy on the Quality of Life of People with Schizophrenia in South-West Nigeria
Abstract
The quality of life (QoL) of patients with schizophrenia is impaired compared to the general population. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) on the quality of life of people with schizophrenia in selected Neuropsychiatric Hospitals in South-West Nigeria. A quasi-experimental research design was adopted in the study, 60 participants with schizophrenia were selected purposely, 30 participants to the intervention group and another 30 participants to the control group. Eight sessions of CBT were given to each participant in the intervention group. Data were collected with the use of the WHO Quality of life Bref questionnaire. Data collected were summarized using frequency, percentages, mean score, and standard deviation to answer research questions. The hypotheses were tested using the Mann-Whitney U Test and Wilcoxon Test at 0.05 level of significance. The outcome revealed that there was an overall post-intervention improvement in the Quality of life among the participants in the intervention group with a mean value of 3.63 ± 0.89, Z-value 3.72, p-value <0.001, unlike the control group with a mean value of 2.90 ± 0.85, Z-value= 1.77, p-value=0.08. CBT intervention with pharmacological management was effective in improving the quality of life in schizophrenic patients. CBT should be integrated into routine care given to schizophrenic clients in nursing interventions.
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Author(s):
Patience Uhunoma Oghagbon, Catharine Olukemi Agbede.
Page No : 45-53
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Environmental Factors Predicting Unintended Pregnancies Among In-School Female Adolescents in Rural Communities in South-South Nigeria
Abstract
Unintended Pregnancy, is generally considered to be a high risk event amongst adolescents due to various factors. Understanding factors predicting unintended pregnancies among in-school female adolescents can provide mechanisms for preventing unintended pregnancies and also providing youth friendly centers. In Nigeria, as a whole, Adolescent unintended pregnancy is a daunting problem. Studies have shown the prevalence of unintended pregnancy among adolescents to be 23% in the west, 36% in the southwest and 26% in the North central part of the country. It also ranges from 17% in Edo state and 6.2% in the other Niger Delta states to 49% in Abia State. The main Objective of this study is to investigate the Environmental factors predicting unintended pregnancies among in-school female adolescents in South-South Nigeria.
A cross-sectional study which employed the use of quantitative method of data collection was conducted among 239 in-school female adolescents who were selected through simple random sampling. Data was collected using a semi-structured validated questionnaire with Cronbach’s Alpha that ranged from 0.705 to 0.811. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics (logistic regression, correlation and chi-square).
The result showed that those with low peer influence as compared with high peer influence were 0.92 times less likely to have unintended pregnancy (Odds ratio; 0.92; CI: 0.78-1.08; p=0.27). Low media influence as compared with those with high media influence had an odds of 1.01 likelihood of unintended pregnancy (Odds ratio=1.01; CI: 0.87-1.17;p=0.007), those with low parent support as compared with those with high parent support were 0.96 times less likely to have unintended pregnancy (Odds ratio=0.96; CI: 0.81-1.14, p=0.66).
The environmental factor predictor was media influences while peer influence and parents support were not good environmental predictors of unintended pregnancy. Re-engineering media sources is needed to produce more positive and protective behaviours towards adolescent sexuality.
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Author(s):
Adediji Funmilayo D., Professor Adelere E. Adeniran, Professor Dangana Jonathan.
Page No : 54-73
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Knowledge, Perception and Exposure Risk to Passive Smoking Among In-School Adolescents in Ibadan Southeast Local Government Area Nigeria
Abstract
Passive smoke contains more than 7,000 chemicals, including hundreds that are toxic and about 70 that can cause cancer. This is because the smoke that burns off the end of a cigar or cigarette contains more harmful substances (tar, carbon monoxide, nicotine, among others) than the smoke inhaled by the smoker. The study investigated the determinants knowledge, perception and exposure risk to passive smoking among in-school Adolescents in Ibadan Southeast Local Government Area, Nigeria. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design. Multi stage sampling techniques were used to select four hundred and ten participants (414) among in-school Adolescents in Ibadan Southeast Local Government Area, Nigeria. The instrument was a self-report questionnaire to collect data in the study and was subjected to validation. Obtained data was analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequency and percentages. Also, correlation analyses were used to test the hypothesis at 95% confidence level (α=0.05). Three research questions and two research hypotheses were tested in the study. The results showed that the mean age was 17.05±1.39 years. The result revealed that the majority of the participants 337(82.2%) had poor knowledge about passive smoking, while 73(17.8%) of the respondents had good knowledge about passive smoking. Also, the result revealed that the majority of the participants 165(40.2%) reported low exposure risk of passive smoking. Correlation analyses show that there is a significant relationship between adolescents’ knowledge and exposure risk to passive smoking among in-school adolescents in Ibadan southeast local government area (r=0.22; p=0.000). There is also a significant relationship between perception and exposure risk to passive smoking among in-school adolescents in Ibadan south east local government area (r=0.13; p=0.009). The study therefore concluded and recommended that training programmers’ should be provided to increase the adolescents’ awareness, change their perceptions, increase their ability to protect themselves and help to have a smoke-free environment.
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Author(s):
Dada Elizabeth Nwakaego, Professor Amosu A. M..
Page No : 74-91
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Evaluation of Covid-19 Prevention and Control Protocol Compliance Among Pupil’s in Ikenne Local Government Area, Ogun State
Abstract
In early December 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), occurred in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. On January 30, 2020 the World Health Organization declared the outbreak as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. On 26th January, President Mohammed Buhari released COVID-19 health. With the emergence of the second wave of COVID-19 parent/guardians, teachers, schools administrators and other stakeholders were to ensure full compliance with all COVID-19 protocols as released by NCDC and Government. Survey research design was used for the study. The population comprised of 481primary school students and teachers in the ten government and private owned primary schools in Ikenne Local Government of Ogun State. Total enumeration sampling technique was adopted. A structured and validated questionnaire was used to collect the data. Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient for the constructs obtained was 0.893. The response rate was 89%. Data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics. The finding showed that all the respondents were aware of COVID-19. This finding indicated that schools’ comply with Federal Ministry of Education guidelines on schools and learning facilities reopening after COVID-19 closures in Ogun State. The findings of this study revealed that the majority of the pupils had good adherence to COVID-19 prevention protocol as compared with the teachers who had poor compliance to COVID prevention protocol. Relative to other prevention strategies, wearing of facemask was the least implemented measure by the teachers. The findings revealed that the schools faced some of these challenges that hinder the effective implementation of the prevention protocol such as inadequate supply of hand washing soap and water, inadequate supply of hand sanitizers, inadequate classroom, inadequate enforcement of social distance and inadequate cleaning and disinfectant for cleaning of surface objects. Findings concluded that the schools complied with Federal Ministry of Education guidelines on schools and learning facilities reopening after COVID-19 closures in Ogun state, Nigeria to a great extent. The guideline incorporates preventive measures such as hand washing, social distancing, wearing of face masks to contain and minimize the spread of the virus. The compliance to Federal Ministry of Education guidelines on schools and learning facilities reopening after COVID-19 closures is the right direction toward reducing the transmission of the disease.
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Author(s):
Sule Joy Eghonghon, Professor Dora Akinboye, Olabode A.T., James Uduakabasi.
Page No : 92-104
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Prevalence and Factors Associated with Malaria Treatment Among Pregnant Women in Selected Rural and Urban Health Centres in Osun State
Abstract
Background: Malaria is one of the killer diseases worldwide majorly transmitted by the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Malaria during pregnancy remains a major public health concern in many sub-Saharan African countries with Nigeria having the highest prevalence rate (27%). Purpose: This study was therefore designed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with treatment of malaria among pregnant women in selected rural and urban health centres in Osun State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Two hundred consenting pregnant women were selected using a multi-stage sampling technique from eight PHCs from Olorunda and Osogbo LGAs. The study was a facility-based, cross-sectional comparative survey using semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaires Descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used to analyze data and the level of statistical significance was set at α ≤ 0.05. Results: Mean age of 28.29±7.23 and 28.37±6.90 for rural and urban PHCs respectively. All the respondents are Yoruba, almost two-thirds and more than half were Muslims and Christian in rural and urban LGAs respectively. The sero-prevalence of malaria was higher among women in urban PHCs (11%) compare to women in rural PHCs (4%) with cumulative sero-prevalence of 7.5% for both LGAs, the health-seeking for women in rural area is better compare to those women in urban area. Conclusion: This study provides a better understanding of malaria in pregnancy in the study areas with a clear contrast on prevalence, health-seeking behaviour and treatment practice between the target groups two LGAs.
| 8 |
Author(s):
Aruoture Ochukooghene Anita, Ademola Amosu.
Page No : 105-120
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Recognition and Practice of Home-Management of Malaria among Mothers of Under-Five Children in Obafemi Owode Community, Abeokuta, Ogun State
Abstract
The study investigates the factors influencing the recognition and practice of Home-management of malaria among mothers of under-five children in Obafemi Owode Community, Abeokuta, Ogun State. The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional design. The study employed a multi-staged sampling technique to select 299 nursing mothers of under-five children at the primary health care centre of Obafemi Owode Community. The main instrument for the study was a questionnaire. The selected socio-demographic variables were analyzed using the descriptive analysis while the hypotheses were tested using Pearson Product Moment Correlation and linear regression analysis. The result indicated that 38.5% of the nursing mothers had a high level of knowledge of home-based management of malaria. 55.9% of the respondents had an average attitude towards home-based management of Malaria. 46.8% had a good level of practice of home-based management of malaria. There was a significant relationship between the demographic factors of nursing mothers and knowledge of home-based management of malaria among nursing mothers of Obafemi Owode Community, Abeokuta, Ogun State (p 0.05). The calculated R Squared and p-value for demographic variables on practice of home-management of malaria among nursing mothers is: 0.788 which signifies 78.8% contribution to practice of home-management among nursing mothers. Hence, all demographic characteristics of nursing mothers are significant predictors of practice of home-based management of Malaria among Nursing mothers of Obafemi Owode Community, Abeokuta, Ogun State. The study recommended that Primary Health centres should put in place mechanisms for example incorporating components of home visit in the performance appraisal of community Health Officers to ensure the recommended number of visits are adhered to. Also, caregivers’ seemingly inability to correctly dissociate between the two essentials of knowledge related to malaria can be addressed by Community Health Officers through the home visit programme.
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Author(s):
Adeosun Lydia Temidayo, Amosu Ademola M. (Ph.D).
Page No : 121-138
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Maternal Factors Associated with Low Birth Weight Babies Delivered in Selected Primary Health Care Centres in Abuja Municipal Area Council, FCT, Nigeria
Abstract
Introduction: Globally, low birth weight remains a public health challenge and is a major risk factor for infant mortality. Therefore, this study investigated the factors associated with low birth weight babies delivered in health facilities within Abuja, Nigeria. Methodology: Secondary data from January 2017 to December 2020 was extracted from 330 delivery records in ten (10) Primary Health Care centres to assess the determinants of low birth weight babies born in Abuja. Findings: The results showed that the mean age of mothers was 27.8 ± 5.1. Majority of the mothers (93.6%) were between 16 and 35 years of age, 93.6% were married, 67% were Christians, 23.3% had no formal education, 31.5% were housewives and 75.8% lived in rural communities. The mean birth weight of babies was 3.05 ± 0.55 kg and 20.3% of the babies had low birth weight compared to 79.7% with normal weights at birth. Maternal age, p=0.02; marital status, p=0.02; religion, p=001; occupation, p=0.001; and weight, p=0.000 were found to be significantly associated with having LBW babies. Maternal obstetric characteristics such as birth spacing, p=0.00; haematocrit level, p=0.001; pregnancy termination, p=0.001; and medical conditions, p=0.00 were also significantly associated with birth weight. Conclusion: The study reported a high prevalence of low birth weight; it also revealed the protective effects of being married on LBW. However, being a housewife significantly increased the risk for having a low birth weight baby
| 10 |
Author(s):
Dolapo Ogunmefun, Olanrewaju Motunrayo F. (Ph.D).
Page No : 139-165
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Determinants of Nutritional Practices Among Mothers with Under-Five Children is Paramount in Curbing the High Rate of Morbidities and Mortalities among Under-Five Children
Abstract
Nutritional outcomes among under-five children in Nigeria are among the worst globally. Therefore, this study investigated the determinants of nutritional practices among mothers with under-five children attending selected primary health centers in Abeokuta, Ogun state, Nigeria. The study adopted a quantitative cross-sectional descriptive survey research design. A A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 419 mothers of under-five children attending primary health centres in Abeokuta, Ogun State. All the Research questions and hypothesis were formulated and were tested using the SPSS version 27 to compute descriptive and inferential statistics which were tested at a 5% level of confidence. The result indicated that mean age of respondents in this study was 28.48 ± 5.811years with participants between the ages of 27-35 (44.6%) were the highest. High level of knowledge regarding under-five nutrition was measured on a 21-points rating scale showed a mean score of 12.65±3.61. There was good level of nutritional practices which was measured on a 17-points rating scale showed a mean score of 11.06±2.26. There was a significant difference between level of education of mother and their nutritional practice (P=0.000), there is a significant correlation between respondents’ level of knowledge (r=0.256; p=0.000). In conclusion, the study established that there is good level of knowledge of under-five nutrition; there was poor support and good level of nutritional practice. The study recommended that continued training and re-training is very important for mothers of under-five children. There is also need for active involvement of the media in dissemination of nutritional benefits of under-five children.
