Maneuvering Affinities: An Outline of the History of Nigeria’s Diplomatic Relations with the Third World.

Abstract:

Since the 19th century, imperialism has shaped international relations, influencing every aspect of human existence. By elevating its advocates and apologists – the Western capitalists – to the top of the global hierarchy, it not only entrenches “Other” nations at the bottom, bearing its burdens, but also distorts their collective psyche to internalize inferiority. At least since 1960s, Nigeria has been one such nation, categorized under the rubric of the “Third World.” As a product of colonial rule, Nigeria was structurally coerced into maintaining deep socio-political and asymmetrical economic ties with Western capitalist nations (the First World). However, it soon became evident that fostering closer relationships with other Third World nations – including its neighbors, who shared similar experiences of colonialism and subjugation – was essential for economic independence, territorial security, and overall development. This need became even more pronounced in light of the West’s treatment of Nigeria during the Civil War. This paper explores Nigeria’s strategic efforts at “maneuvering affinities” with the Third World through both bilateral and multilateral engagements, as exemplified by its Africa-centered foreign policy and alliances such as the Non-Aligned Movement, the Organisation of African Unity/African Union, ECOWAS, and the D-8. The study draws on both primary and secondary sources, including journal articles, conference papers, textbooks, and relevant online materials.