| 1 |
Author(s):
Adeosun Praise Kehinde (Ph.D.), Ekwere Ndifreke Soni (Ph.D.).
Page No : 1-10
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Detecting Randomness Effect among Raters in Physics Essay Items Using Many-Facet Rasch Measurement
Abstract
This study sought to detect randomness effects among raters in physics essay items using Many-Facet Rasch Measurement. The research design adopted for this study is descriptive research design based on survey method. The population of the study comprised eighty-eight (88) public schools in all the local government areas with a physics student population of 3,642 students and ninety-four (94) physics teachers in all the Senior Secondary Schools in Uyo Senatorial District for the 2022/2023 academic session. Three hundred and sixty-four (364) SSS3 physics students and 37 physics teachers from the 31 selected secondary schools in Uyo Senatorial District were sampled using multistage sampling technique for effective selection. The multi-stage sampling technique was adopted for the study. The instrument used for data collection was Physics Achievement Test (PAT) obtained from WAEC and NECO 2020 Physics Essay items with reliability coefficients of 0.91 and 0.90 respectively. The finding revealed that most of the individual raters commit randomness effect when rating physics essay Items. It also revealed there is a significant difference at the rater's group level exhibiting randomness effect when rating physics essay items, which implies that there is no group-level randomness effect present among raters when rating physics essay items. We concluded that rater effects are sources of variance in performance ratings that are associated with the raters' behaviour and not the actual performance of the ratee. It was recommended that raters should follow the rating guidelines to reduce the impact of randomness in their ratings and provide more accurate and objective evaluations.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Chidinma Dokubo (Ph.D.), Azubuike Baba Clement.
Page No : 11-17
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Emerging Trends in Worker-Cooperatives in a Changing World of Work: Implication for Community Development in Nigeria
Abstract
Worker-cooperatives are emerging as organizational structures responding to the trends within the world of work, ranging from technological, economical to social trends. They have a specific democratic governance structure of management and members being the workers and they are also in charge of decisions making in the enterprise. As part of the trends in a changing world of work, worker-cooperatives use different spectrums of technologies for local and international work performance. They buy out or take over business organizations that are failing as a result of the financial and economic crisis and transform the business organizations into productive enterprises. They also generate employment for members and non-members, provide financial assistance to members and non-members at a reduced interest rate and help to train community members to be proficient in different fields of endeavour. Obviously, in the Nigerian society today, worker-cooperatives are agents of bringing development in urban settlements and rural communities.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Augusta Arko-Mensah.
Page No : 18-29
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Ethnomus Performative Analytical Tool: A Conceptual Thought in Performance Analysis of School Music in Ghanaian Cultural Context
Abstract
One of the areas of school music that have drawn attention to researchers is how music performances can be analysed by way of assessment to obtain objectivity in awarding specific grades to students involved in the performance. This paper highlights Ethnomus assessment tool, a culturally contextualised analytical tool for analysing and assessing school musical performances objectively. Additionally, it sheds light on prevalent notions of discussing music using Western musical discourse theories. Simultaneously, it establishes specific analytical frameworks that are adapted to the cultural context for the evaluation of music performances in Ghanaian educational institutions. The paper was approached topically and deductively in order to unravel situations of subjectivity and narrowness of the Westernised analysis and projects a thought that comprehensively situates itself within an African context for music performance assessment. The core of the Ethnomus assessment is in how the cultural elements have been used in the performance as well as the thoughts of audience about the performance. Three people are involved in the assessment procedure: the teacher, the student (performer) and the audience. The paper establishes the Ethnomus assessment tool for school music performance, aiming to contribute to the ongoing discourse in this field and promote objectivity within the specific context of Ghanaian culture. The recommendation is made for educators and musical analysts to adopt a holistic approach, drawing upon the Ethnomus assessment presented in the paper as a foundation for their assessments and analyses. This approach is envisioned to enhance the depth and objectivity of evaluation of musical performances in schools within the Ghanaian cultural milieu.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Victor-Akinyemi Helen Bidemi (Ph.D.), Olashupo Olamilekan Zacchaeus.
Page No : 30-42
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Historical Perspective of Industrial Relationship in Nigeria
Abstract
This study provides a comprehensive examination of the evolution of industrial relations in Nigeria, tracing its historical development from the colonial era through post-independence fluctuations, military rule, structural adjustments, and contemporary global influences. It highlights the interplay between colonial legacies, nationalism, authoritarian governance, economic liberalisation, and globalisation in shaping Nigeria's labour landscape. Analysing the various eras—Colonial, Post-Independence, Military Interregnum, Structural Adjustment, Return to Democracy, and Contemporary Global Influences—the study underscores the dynamic interactions among government policies, employer strategies, labour union activities, and international forces. It delves into the challenges of political interference, corruption, legal inadequacies, global labour standards, and economic transformations. The study emphasises the importance of resilience, adaptability, and collaborative dialogue in navigating the complexities of industrial relations towards ensuring labour equity and economic progress in Nigeria's continuously evolving socio-economic.
