Prevalence, Knowledge, Attitude, and Risk Factors for Hepatitis B Among Residents of a Rural Community in Delta State, Nigeria.

Abstract:

Hepatitis B remains a significant public health issue. Many Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa have a considerable burden of Hepatitis B, with prevalence rates ranging from 8% to 11% among adults which is influenced by various factors including awareness, knowledge, attitude, and risk factors. This study aims to assess the prevalence, knowledge, attitudes, and prevalence of risk factors for Hepatitis B among participants resident within Ikweghwu Community in Delta State. A cross-sectional study design involving 376 participants was carried out. Data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire, to assess awareness, knowledge, Attitude, and risk factors for Hepatitis B. Also a small quantity of blood for rapid testing among participants. Statistical analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics including Chi-square, correlation to identify patterns and associations. There were more females. High awareness levels were significantly associated with reduced Hepatitis B seroprevalence (p < 0.0001; RR=0.0417). Knowledge of risk factors, causes, transmissions, symptoms, and prevention strategies showed strong inverse relationships with seroprevalence (p < 0.0001). Self-reported Prevalence was highest among individuals aged 25-34 years, with seroprevalence observed exclusively in this age group. Positive attitudes towards prevention and treatment also correlated with lower seroprevalence (p < 0.0001). Conversely, a higher prevalence of risk factors was positively associated with increased Hepatitis B seroprevalence (p = 0.0097).The study highlights the critical role of awareness, comprehensive knowledge, and positive attitudes in reducing Hepatitis B seroprevalence. Targeted educational interventions, positive attitudes toward prevention are essential for effective Hepatitis B control. Further research is needed to explore these relationships in diverse populations and to evaluate the impact of specific public health strategies.