Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Lassa Fever Prevention among Healthcare Workers in Makurdi.

Abstract:

Introduction: Lassa fever (LF) is a severe viral hemorrhagic disease that requires prompt reporting to local, state, and national health authorities. It presents initially with nonspecific symptoms but may progress to multi-organ failure if treatment is delayed. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude, and infection prevention and control (IPC) practices regarding LF among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Makurdi, Benue State. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 230 HCWs selected through a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using self-administered, semi-structured questionnaires and analyzed with SPSS version 26.0. Chi-square tests were applied to test associations at a 0.05 level of significance. Results: The majority of respondents demonstrated good knowledge of LF and its preventive measures (79.6%) and reported positive attitudes towards prevention (86.5%). However, only 52.2% exhibited good IPC practices. Significant variations were observed across professional cadres. Conclusion: Although HCWs demonstrated adequate knowledge and favorable attitudes towards LF prevention, gaps remain in IPC practices. Addressing these gaps requires targeted interventions, including consistent provision of personal protective equipment (PPE), dissemination of information, education and communication (IEC) materials within healthcare facilities, and strengthening IPC committees to ensure adherence to standard protocols at both facility and community levels.