This study examined the effects of packaging and innovativeness on the performance of herbal medicine businesses in Gombe State. A quantitative research approach was adopted, and primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire from owners and/or managers of herbal medicine businesses. The study employed purposive and snowball sampling techniques. The findings showed that packaging had a positive and insignificant effect on business performance (β = 0.421, t = 2.417, p = 0.018), while innovativeness had a positive and significant effect (β = 0.630, t = 2.886, p = 0.000). The model produced an R2 value of .560, indicating that the predictors jointly explained 0.56 of the variance in business performance. The study concluded that strengthening modern packaging can improve the performance of herbal medicine businesses in Gombe State. The study recommended that herbal businesses owners should embrace continuous improvement in product packaging and hygienic handling in order to strengthen their competitiveness and customer patronage. Read more

ABSTRACT The online sales channel, encompassing various platforms such as e-commerce websites, online marketplaces, and social media, has redefined traditional commerce by providing businesses with diverse mediums to engage with consumers in the virtual sphere. These platforms function as channels for businesses, enabling them not just to display their products or services but also to facilitate smooth transactions by leveraging the pervasive connectivity of the internet. This study aims to assess the impact of online sales channels, specifically focusing on their influence on customer engagement and revenue generation. In order to collect data, a survey questionnaire was sent to seventy-five (75) entrepreneurs. However, only fifty-four (54) questionnaires were completed and used. Data were also collected from secondary sources. The findings from the study revealed that majority of entrepreneurs recognize the indispensability of online sales channels for the success of their business. Notably, businesses that strategically adopt and diversify these channels experience increased revenue and gain a competitive edge. Businesses are advised to prioritize and enhance their online presence based on the study's findings. Embracing comprehensive digital strategies, including websites and social media, is essential for success in today's dynamic business environment. Keywords: Online, Sales channels, Business Performance, E-commerce, Entrepreneurs Read more

The study examined the relationship between supply chain management and business performance of shipping firms in Port Harcourt. The study adopted quantitative research design using a correlational method of investigation. The population consists of 16 shipping firms in Port Harcourt. The study adopted census sampling and studied the entire 16 firms with focus on managers. The reliability of the instrument was determined using Cronbach's alpha test with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 and it stood at 0.88 higher than the benchmark of 0.7. The data collected for this study were analyzed through inferential statistics. The Spearman Rank Correlation Technique was employed to test the various hypotheses formulated through the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results revealed that supply chain management is significantly and positively related with business performance of shipping firms in Port Harcourt. Based on the findings, it was concluded that supply chain management with its dimension of supply chain integration and reverse logistics will improve business performance of shipping firms in Port Harcourt on the basis of the results obtained from the analysis. The study recommends that shipping firms should adopt reverse logistics as this would ensure customer after-sale satisfaction which in turn results in improvement in business performance, and also, shipping firms should integrate their supplies as this would enable them to improve business performance. Read more

The need for information communication skills development especially in Nigeria cannot be overemphasized. Information communication skill is the harnessing of electronic technology in its various forms to improve the operations in term of communication and profitability of the business as a whole. Organizations without staff with viable information communication skill may experience difficulty in facing modern challenges in the business environment. It is in this light that this paper anchors its objectives. The general objective of the study is to assess the effect of information communication skills on organizational performance in Bayelsa State. Using the simple random sampling technique, a total of 50 retail outlets were selected from the population as the sample size. The study made use of a validated structured questionnaire to generate data from respondents, which were analyzed using chi-square and correlation analysis. From the analysis, it was discovered that there is a significant effect of the variables of information communication technology and organizational performance. It was concluded that information communication skills has a significant effect on organizational performance in Bayelsa State. Among others, it was recommended that business owners should be given some training and retraining of the skills involved in the use of these information technology facilities for effective business performance. Also, efforts should be made by the State governments towards effective funding for information technology facilities and also towards the procurement of information technology facilities for effective business performance. Read more

Somalia’s private sector, which contributes over 90% of employment and trade output, operates within a fragile economic landscape marked by limited access to formal financing, reliance on internal funds, and institutional weaknesses. This study examines the impact of mutually exclusive business strategies—namely new capital investments, project selection, and stock investments—on the financial performance of Somali firms. Grounded in Decision Theory, the research employed a descriptive, explanatory, and correlational design under a positivist philosophy to ensure objective measurement and statistical rigor. Data were collected from 160 departmental heads across 53 companies using structured questionnaires and analyzed through SPSS. Descriptive statistics captured respondent perceptions, while Pearson correlation and univariate regression tested relationships and hypotheses. Results revealed that mutually exclusive strategies significantly and positively influence firm performance, with a moderate correlation (R = 0.381, p = 0.004). The findings underscore the role of strategic investment decisions, stakeholder engagement, and diversification in enhancing profitability, return on assets, and return on equity. The study concludes that implementing mutually exclusive strategies individually strengthens financial outcomes, while coordinated integration maximizes synergistic benefits, minimizes resource overlap, and supports sustainable growth in Puntland’s business environment. Recommendations include prioritizing high-potential projects, establishing clear guidelines for stock investments, and embedding these strategies within comprehensive strategic plans to optimize long-term performance. Read more

The objective of the study is to ascertain how organisational policies and strategies affect human resource performance in business enterprises. The study is anchored on decision theory and adopted a review of the literature to justify its findings. The study found that there is an intricate correlation between policy and strategy concerning organisational management and human resource performance. Also, it is revealed that worker's oriented policies and strategies affect their performance and the overall growth of the organisation. The study concludes that business policies and strategies are veritable and dynamic decision-making tools applied by managers in responding to changes in the business world. Read more

This research paper presents an empirical investigation into the nexus between cultural factors and entrepreneurial performance of small and Medium Scale Businesses in Nigeria. Africa is a continent dominated by Culture and culture affect daily sales and it also affect demands and supply as well as patronage of any business. This paper is aimed at investigating the effect of cultural factors on entrepreneurial performance as well as ascertaining the nature of relationship between cultural factors and entrepreneurial performance. This research adopted a descriptive survey method. This research used a quantitative approach to data gathering of 200 SME employees through a Likert scaled questionnaire for data analysis. The study concludes through its findings that social network capital cultural factor, Risk-taking behavior and Work ethic and perseverance have a significant, positive and direct effect on entrepreneurial performance of SME’s in Delta state. The study also revealed that other cultural factors like, Attitudes toward Failure and religious believes have a significant and direct effect on entrepreneurial performance of SME’s in Delta state. The research paper empirically showed that there is a great and significant relationship between cultural factors and entrepreneurial performance of SME’s in Delta state. The study has proven that people’s culture does affect entrepreneurial performance. Therefore this study recommends that before setting up businesses in any location, a smart entrepreneur should first observe the culture of the people living in that geographically location of the proposed business to ascertain the kind of business that will be most appropriate for the Culture of the people there. Read more

This study examined business education teaching resources available for academic staff job performance in universities in South-West and South-South, Nigeria. Three research questions and three null hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design. The population for the study consisted of all the 12 universities offering business education in South-West and South-South, Nigeria. As the entire population were sampled using the purposive sampling technique. A checklist titled: "Business Education Teaching Resources Availability Checklist (BETRAC)" was used to conduct the study. The validity and reliability of the checklist were established. Data were analysed using frequencies, percentages and graphs. Hypotheses were tested using chi-square statistics at a 0.05 significance level. The findings indicated that the electronic and physical plant business education teaching resources were more available in the Federal universities than those of the State universities in South-West and South-South, Nigeria. The hypotheses indicated that there was a significant difference between Federal and State universities in the availability of electronic business education teaching resources in the South-West and South-South. It was recommended among others that the Federal and State Governments should support the universities with sufficient business education electronic, non-electronic and physical plant teaching resources for academic staff job performance. Read more

In an era of unparalleled technological transformation and an escalating demand for greater operational efficiency, innovation has increasingly become a key driver of organizational performance. This study explored the role that innovation has in shaping the performance of Kenya's government commercial institutions with the aim of finding out how various dimensions of innovation affect public sector performance. Grounded on a post-positivist philosophical stance and taking a quantitative research methodology, the study employed a descriptive survey design in collecting and analyzing data from a purposive sample of 34 state-owned enterprises. Questionnaires were constructed and distributed to key institutional personnel to collect primary data, while instrument reliability was established using Cronbach's alpha via SPSS software to determine internal consistency. Descriptive statistics provided information on general trends, and linear regression analysis was employed to analyze the strength and significance of the relationship between innovation variables and organizational performance. The findings revealed that automation of business processes had a positive and significant impact on institutional performance, particularly in terms of improving service delivery and organizational efficiency. Nevertheless, the impact of other forms of innovation—such as process and service innovations—turned out to vary significantly between institutions, which portrays that innovation is not universally applicable. The study concludes that innovation, when deliberately shaped to a specific institution's goals, means, and conditions, can be used as a vehicle for change to improve performance. It recommends that government commercial institutions employ innovation strategies that are not only evidence-based but also context-specific, focusing on measurable impacts and sustainability Read more

This study investigated the relationship between Business Education administrators’ leadership styles and staff job performance in Federal Colleges of Education (Technical) in south-south Nigeria. Five specific objectives, five research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. A Descriptive-correlation research design was adopted for the study as this enables the description of the variables and establishes their relationship. The population and sample consisted of 131 respondents made up of 12 administrators and 119 staff of the Business Education programme in Federal Colleges of Education (Technical) Asaba and Omoku in south-south, Nigeria during the 2021/2022 academic session. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data for the study. The questionnaire was face validated and tested for reliability using Cronbach Alpha to obtain reliability indexes of 0.72 and 0.76 for the two clusters of the instrument, with an average of 0.74. Mean and standard deviation was used to answer research questions 1, 2, and 4; while research questions 3 and 5, as well as the null hypotheses, were analysed using Spearman Rank Correlation (r). All computations were done using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21.0. For the relationship scale interpretation the scales by Bryman and Bell (2011) were used. The results of the study revealed that Business Education administrators used democratic/transformational leadership styles to drive job performance. The results also showed moderate positive and significant relationship between leadership styles of Business Education administrators and staff job performance which was deemed satisfactorily. The results also showed that work climate mediated on the relationship between Business Education administrators’ leadership styles and staff job performance. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that Business Education administrators in Colleges of Education should make concerted effort to let financing stakeholders provide more funds for enhancing the task performance environment required by staff. Read more