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Determinants of Socioeconomic Factors Influencing Maize Production Among Smallholder Farmers for Enhanced Food Security in Bungoma-North Sub-County, Bungoma County, Kenya.

Mercy Nafula Kombe; Rose Onamu (Ph.D.); Lydia Wamocha (Prof.)

July 7, 2026•DOI: 10.52589/AJAFS-PSTVQ0VA•Volume 9 Issue 2•305 views

Maize production plays a critical role in enhancing food security, income generation, and rural livelihoods in Kenya. Smallholder farmers contribute a substantial proportion of national maize output, yet their productivity remains below potential due to various socioeconomic constraints. This study examined the socioeconomic factors influencing maize production among smallholder farmers in Bungoma-North Sub County, Bungoma County, Kenya, with a view to enhancing food security. The study was guided by the Theory of Production, which explains how variations in production inputs and resources influence agricultural output. A descriptive survey research design was adopted, targeting smallholder maize farmers within Naitiri, Mbakalo, and Kabuyefwe wards. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and interview schedules and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The socioeconomic variables examined included credit accessibility, land ownership, labor availability, educational attainment, income levels, and demographic characteristics. Findings revealed that socioeconomic factors significantly influenced maize production among smallholder farmers. Access to credit enhanced the ability of farmers to purchase improved inputs and adopt modern farming technologies. Household income levels positively influenced investment in agricultural production, while educational attainment improved farmers’ capacity to adopt recommended agronomic practices. Land ownership and farm size were also found to significantly affect maize yields due to their influence on production scale and resource allocation. Regression analysis demonstrated that socioeconomic factors significantly predicted maize production outcomes, indicating that improvements in access to financial resources, education, labor, and productive assets could substantially increase maize productivity and strengthen household food security. The study concludes that socioeconomic factors remain fundamental determinants of maize production among smallholder farmers and should be prioritized in agricultural development programs. The study recommends strengthening rural credit systems, promoting farmer education and training, improving access to agricultural inputs, and supporting income-generating activities that enhance farmers’ production capacity. These interventions would contribute significantly to sustainable maize production and improved food security in Bungoma-North Sub County and similar agricultural regions. Read more

Keywords:Agricultural ProductivityCredit AccessibilityIncomeFood SecurityLand OwnershipMaize ProductionSmallholder Farmers.

Article

Unlocking the Potential of Agriculture through Land Tenure Security: Lessons from Delta State, Nigeria.

Samuel Ifeanyi Samson; Theophilus Miebi Gbigbi (Ph.D.)

August 14, 2024•DOI: 10.52589/RJAED-GKXIXMN3•Volume 3 Issue 1•1,344 views

The research study delved into the intricate relationship between land tenancy security and its impact on investments and agricultural output among crop-producing farmers. The investigation involved 180 participants selected through a multistage random selection process. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to examine the data for this study, which was based on information gathered from primary sources utilizing a structured questionnaire According to the findings, the majority of participants were male, with an average age of 36 years. Additionally, most respondents were married and literate. On average, the farmers had 16 years of farming experience, and a significant proportion were members of agricultural associations. The average size of smallholder farms was 1.90 hectares. Land acquisition methods varied, with lease, communal, and inheritance being the primary modes. Notably, de jure and de facto indicators stood at 3.9% and 50%, respectively. The tenure security over their farmlands is estimated to be at 55.9% for smallholder farmers Age, farm size, household size, farming experience, crop diversification, credit availability, income, and the status of land ownership security were the variables that had an impact on crop production. The study also highlighted the significant impact of land ownership security on farm investment, with access to credit, income, education level, farming experience, farm size, land ownership security status, and the availability of extension services emerging as contributing factors. In light of these findings, the study advocates for legislative amendments to the Land Use Act of 1978. The proposed changes aim to enhance the security of land ownership, ultimately fostering a more conducive environment for agricultural investments. Read more

Keywords:Land tenureLand securitytenancyDe jureDe factoAgricultural outputInvestmentdevelopmentFarmers.

Journal

Journal of Security and Criminology

Journal of Security and Criminology (JSC) is an international peer-reviewed open access journal that publishes original research in criminology, security studies, criminal justice, policing, forensic science, and related social science disciplines. The journal provides a platform for the dissemination of high-quality theoretical, empirical, and policy-oriented research that advances understanding of crime, security threats, justice systems, social order, and public safety. JSC welcomes contributions that explore the causes, consequences, prevention, and control of crime, as well as emerging security challenges affecting communities, institutions, and nations in an increasingly interconnected world.

Journal

Journal of Crop and Soil Science Research

Journal of Crop and Soil Science Research (JCSSR) is an international peer-reviewed open access journal that publishes original research in crop science, soil science, agronomy, and related agricultural disciplines. The journal provides a platform for the dissemination of high-quality theoretical, experimental, and applied research that advances understanding of crop production systems, soil resources, plant-soil interactions, and sustainable agricultural practices. JCSSR welcomes contributions that improve agricultural productivity, soil health, resource-use efficiency, and environmental sustainability while addressing contemporary challenges in food security and climate resilience.

Journal

Journal of Insurance and Actuarial Research

Journal of Insurance and Actuarial Research (JIAR) is an international peer-reviewed open access journal that publishes original research in insurance, actuarial science, risk management, finance, and related quantitative disciplines. The journal provides a platform for the dissemination of high-quality theoretical, empirical, and applied research that advances understanding of risk assessment, insurance markets, actuarial modelling, financial security, and decision-making under uncertainty. JIAR welcomes contributions that address emerging challenges and innovations in insurance practice, actuarial methods, risk governance, and financial resilience across individual, corporate, and public sector contexts.

Journal

Journal of Livestock and Animal Biosciences

Journal of Livestock and Animal Biosciences (JLAB) is an international peer-reviewed open access journal that publishes original research in animal science, livestock production, animal biosciences, and related agricultural and biological disciplines. The journal provides a platform for the dissemination of high-quality theoretical, experimental, and applied research that advances understanding of animal biology, production systems, health, nutrition, genetics, and welfare. JLAB welcomes contributions that enhance sustainable livestock production, improve animal productivity and wellbeing, and support innovations that contribute to food security, environmental sustainability, and agricultural development.

Journal

Journal of Petroleum and Energy Studies

Journal of Petroleum and Energy Studies (JPES) is an international peer-reviewed open access journal that publishes original research in petroleum studies, energy systems, energy technologies, and related engineering and environmental disciplines. The journal provides a platform for the dissemination of high-quality theoretical, experimental, computational, and applied research that advances the exploration, production, processing, management, and sustainable utilization of energy resources. JPES welcomes contributions that address contemporary challenges and innovations in petroleum, conventional and renewable energy systems, energy security, resource efficiency, and sustainable energy development.

Journal

Journal of Nutrition Dietetics and Food Health

Journal of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Health (JNDFH) is an international peer-reviewed open access journal that publishes original research in nutrition, dietetics, food science, public health nutrition, and related health disciplines. The journal provides a platform for the dissemination of high-quality theoretical, clinical, epidemiological, and applied research that advances understanding of the relationships among diet, nutrition, food systems, and human health. JNDFH welcomes contributions that promote evidence-based nutritional practice, improve dietary health outcomes, and address contemporary challenges related to food security, nutrition, disease prevention, and wellbeing across diverse populations.

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