The growing utilisation of inorganic fertilisers results in the depletion of a minimal quantity of essential elements, including phosphorus, nitrogen, and potassium. The residual fraction is discharged into the environment as organic waste, posing a threat to the ecosystem.The black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) have been acknowledged as a solution for the increasing problem of organic waste. BSFL provide numerous benefits, including their current use of waste material, known as frass, as an organic fertiliser. The aim of this study is to examine the fertilising properties of frass and its effects on plant growth parameters and nutrient concentration in maize kernels when consumed. This will be compared to other cultivation methods including synthetic fertilisers, conventional compost, and no compost. Following a 90-day timeframe, a comprehensive analysis was performed to assess the growth characteristics and nutrient composition within the kennels. The results of this study indicate that frass positively affects plant growth and has a favourable blend of nutrients, as previously demonstrated by studies investigating the nutrient levels in maize. This study showcased the capacity of utilising frass as a carrier to boost agricultural output and enhance the accessibility of particular nutrients in plants. Further investigation is required to substantiate these conclusions. The widespread use of black soldier fly larvae frass in the agricultural sector in poor countries, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, has the capacity to have a beneficial effect on integrated sustainable agriculture and the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals 2, 11, and 12. Read more

Plant growth is heavily facilitated by the extent to which many interacting climate variables remain within appropriate conditions. The Ongoing global climatic change can significantly alter conditions for plant growth, in turn upsetting ecological and social systems. While there have been substantial developments in understanding the physical features of climate change, complete studies incorporating climate, biological, and social sciences are less common. This paper used climate projections under alternative mitigation situations to show how changes in environmental variables that limit plant growth could influence ecosystems, research, policies and humans. Results showed multiple climate variables becoming limiting for plant growth, particularly in tropical areas, which resulted in considerable reductions in plant yields. Furthermore, the paper posited that reductions in plant growth due to unsuitable growing days can lead to less suitable condition for plant growth and tree mortality can trigger ecological responses, including changes in plant community composition. The paper concludes by recommending that afforestation programs should be vigorously pursued. Read more