De-dollarisation and the transformation of the petrodollar order have generated increasing debate concerning the future of global trade, corporate financial performance and international financial power. However, existing literature remains fragmented across monetary economics, international trade, accounting and corporate finance. This study addresses this gap by integrating these dimensions to examine the disruptive implications of Iran’s currency shift for global trade, accounting profitability and financial power structures. A meta-analysis of 37 peer-reviewed studies retrieved from CrossRef, Semantic Scholar and Google Scholar were conducted using a structured review matrix, effect-size calculation, heterogeneity assessment, subgroup analysis and sensitivity testing. The findings identify three interconnected themes: geopolitical environment, financial-system adaptability, and institutional and regulatory frameworks. Geopolitical tensions and sanctions encourage alternative trade and payment arrangements, while financial-system adaptability determines resilience to currency-related risks. Strong institutional and regulatory frameworks further support transparent reporting, financial stability and corporate adaptation. The study contributes theoretically by integrating monetary, geopolitical and accounting perspectives and practically by informing policymakers and financial managers navigating an increasingly diversified international monetary system. Read more

The study examined fraud risk management and performance of deposit money banks, surveying First Bank of Nigeria Plc. The study population comprised of major branches of First Bank of Nigeria PLC, but 10 branches were randomly selected and used for the study with service staff from each branch making up an effective sample of 40. Pearson Moment Correlation Statistic was used to determine the correlation between the variables. Multiple Regression Statistic was deployed in analysing the relationship between the variables; Preventive Fraud Risk Management (PFRM), Detective Fraud Risk Management (DFRM) and Responsive Fraud Risk Management (RFRM) and performance (ROA). The findings revealed that PFRM and DFRM have significant relationships with ROA, while RFRM has an inverse relationship with ROA. The study recommended that top management of banks should adopt a multi-dimensional strategy in combating and mitigating fraud. Due to the peculiarity of the industry, hand-on policies and practices such as fraud risk assessment programs, fraud risk awareness training, proactive data analysis, automation of transactions with security encryption, whistle blowing, anti-fraud policy and frequent review of ineffective internal controls should be carried out at regular intervals to mitigate incessant bank fraud. Read more

The study sought to determine the impact of internal control systems on liquidity performance of listed companies on the Nigeria Securities Exchange (NSE). To achieve the objective of this study, the research specifically looked at the following objectives, several number of internal controls such as, risk management, Compliance, Internal communication and board independence and on the other hand the selected entities examine on long- and short-term solvency to properly assessed the impact of internal control on liquidity performance of companies listed on NGX. The study adopted the ex-post factor research design. The population chosen for this study was the top 10 listed companies on the NGX based on their capitalization on the exchange floor. The study used a sample of 5 years annual report of each entity as this make the total population to be 19. The sample was drawn using stratified random sampling technique. The study relied on secondary data majorly the annual report of each company alongside their audited financial statements. The Secondary data was extracted from audited annual reports, publications, and document analysis. Data analysis used both descriptive statistics, diagnostic statistics and inferential statistics. Frequency tables were prepared, averages determined and tests of hypothesis like ANOVA, chi-square, correlation and regression analysis were done. The data was analyzed using statistical package for social scientists (SPSS) computer software version 21.0. The results and findings concluded that there was no significant association between internal control and liquidity performance and recommends that internal control should be improved to further enhance the liquidity performance of companies quoted in Nigeria Securities Exchange. Read more

This study investigates the effect of Key Audit Matters (KAMs) disclosure on the trading volume of listed Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria. Adopting an ex-post facto research design, panel data were collected from 12 DMBs over a 16-year period (2009–2024), covering both pre-KAM (2009–2016) and post-KAM (2017–2024) regimes. KAM disclosures were extracted from audited financial statements using a standardized checklist across three dimensions: Related-Party Transactions Disclosure (RPTD), Liquidity Risk Management Disclosure (LQRD), and Capital Adequacy Disclosure (CAPD). A mixed-effects regression model with Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) estimation was employed to assess the effect of these disclosures on trading volume. The results reveal that LQRD had a significant positive effect on trading activity, suggesting investor responsiveness to liquidity transparency. CAPD had a significant negative effect, indicating cautious market reactions to solvency disclosures. RPTD was statistically insignificant, reflecting weak short-term investor response. These findings indicate that the impact of KAMs on market activity is contingent on the nature and perceived relevance of the disclosure. The study recommends that regulators enforce clarity and materiality in KAM reporting to enhance market engagement. It contributes to audit transparency literature and informs capital market policy reforms in emerging economies. Read more

Climate change is reshaping the global risk landscape, requiring proactive institutional responses that integrate climate risk management into corporate strategies. This study examines the extent to which Zambia’s Disaster Management and Mitigation Unit (DMMU) has incorporated climate change risk into its strategic and operational frameworks. Using a mixed-methods design with 70 staff respondents and 7 key informants, it assessed current practices, alignment with international best practices, and institutional challenges. Findings indicate that while initiatives such as early warning systems and climate-responsive contingency plans exist, climate risk considerations are not systematically embedded in DMMU’s corporate strategy. Key barriers include technical capacity gaps, financial constraints, policy fragmentation, and organizational resistance to innovation. The study concludes that strengthening technical expertise, securing dedicated climate financing, fostering policy coherence, and transforming organizational culture are essential to enhancing resilience and ensuring effective disaster management in the face of escalating climate risks. Read more

This study examined logistics risk management and delivery performance of international shipping companies in South-West Nigeria. The correlational research design and the positivist research philosophy were applied in this study. The population of this study consisted of 12 international shipping companies in South-West Nigeria. The census sampling technique was adopted where all the members of the population were studied. The sampling units consisted of managers of international shipping companies in South-West Nigeria. The instrument for data collection was questionnaire which was structured on a point rating scale. The data collected via the questionnaire were analyzed statistically while the hypotheses were tested using Spearman Rank Order Correlation Coefficient (rho). The SPSS version 24 was used to correlate the data collected on the study variables. The findings revealed that transportation risk management has a significant relationship with accurate delivery of international shipping companies. This study also reported a significant relationship between transportation risk management and on-time delivery of international shipping companies. The study equally revealed that warehousing risk management has a significant relationship with accurate delivery of international shipping companies. The study also found a significant relationship between warehousing risk management and on-time delivery of international shipping companies. Therefore, it was concluded that logistics risk management such as transportation and warehousing risk management significantly improve delivery performance of international shipping companies in South-West Nigeria. Hence, it was recommended that international shipping companies in Nigeria should manage their logistics risks effectively as it would enhance their delivery performance. Read more

Based on the risk-return tradeoff theory, this quantitative study examined the effect of financial risk on the sustainability of insurance companies in Nigeria. Insurance is a pool of risk. Information was taken from the 2012–2021 annual reports of ten selected companies. Liquidity risk, solvency risk, and leverage risk are the three proxies for financial risk, which is the independent variable. Return on equity serves as a proxy for sustainability, which is the dependent variable. Firm size, tangibility, contingency fund, and industry intrinsic factor are the control variables. The study found that, during the studied period, solvency risk significantly increased the sustainability of the sampled insurance companies, while liquidity and leverage risks significantly decreased their sustainability. While the intrinsic value of the insurance industry has a significant negative impact on sustainability, the size and tangible nature of insurance companies have a significant positive impact. The sustainability of the examined insurance companies is not significantly improved by contingency funds. Given that the three financial risk proxies have a substantial impact on return on equity (a measure of sustainability), the applicability of risk-return tradeoff theory in this study is evident. Operationally, insurance companies should monitor their liquidity and leverage risks as because they reduce sustainability. The study recommends (among others) that Insurance firms should continue to optimally increase their size and tangibility in order to increase their sustainability. Read more

This study was carried out to examine the effect of portfolio management on performance of listed deposit money banks (DMBs) in Nigeria. The study anchored on the Modern Portfolio and Shiftability Theory adopted an ex post facto approach. Hence, data were collected from the annual reports and accounts of banks with international authorization for the period 2016-2020. The study used linear regression model in the data analysis. The empirical result of the research indicates a significant and positive relationship between credit risk management; liquidity risk management and performance (NAPS) of deposit money banks in Nigeria. Thus, the study concludes that portfolio management enhances and improves the financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. In lieu of this, the study recommended the need for deposit money banks to monitor and take a closer look at their liquidity and also maintain optimum liquidity which will go a long way in improving their financial performance. Also, DMBs should determine the optimum level for their loan-deposit mix up to when marginal cost (MC) is equal to marginal revenue (MR). Thus, would help to bring the non-performing loans to a minimal level. Read more

This study explored the potential of parametric insurance solutions to enhance resilience among smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe, particularly in the context of climate change-related risks, such as droughts and floods. The aim was to evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of parametric insurance as a risk management strategy for smallholder farmers, focusing on its potential to provide timely payouts based on predefined climate triggers. The purpose of the research was to understand how parametric insurance could offer a viable alternative to traditional insurance, which is often inaccessible for smallholders due to cost, complexity, and other barriers. The literature review highlighted the challenges that smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe face in accessing conventional agricultural insurance products, such as affordability, lack of awareness, and inadequate infrastructure. It also examined the advantages of parametric insurance, including its ability to deliver faster payouts linked to measurable climatic events, thus providing a more accessible and reliable safety net. A mixed-methods research approach was employed, combining qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques. The study utilized a cross-sectional research design and focused on a sample of 150 smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe, selected through purposive and random sampling methods. Data were collected through surveys, interviews, and focus group discussions with farmers, insurance providers, and agricultural experts. Ethical considerations included ensuring informed consent, voluntary participation, and the confidentiality of respondents. The main findings revealed that while parametric insurance held significant potential for improving resilience, several challenges hindered its adoption, including limited awareness, trust issues, and affordability concerns. The study concluded that for parametric insurance to be effective, policy interventions, increased awareness campaigns, and partnerships among key stakeholders were necessary. Recommendations included strengthening institutional frameworks and providing targeted education on parametric insurance to improve uptake. Read more

The study understood that in the face of geopolitical dynamism, effective political risk management strategies are crucial for multinational corporations operating in diverse environments. By applying Institutional Theory, the paper however, understood these organisations adapt and respond to institutional pressures, ultimately shaping their strategies and performance. Drawing from the literature, several key findings emerged, highlighting the importance of adaptive strategies, stakeholders’ collaboration, corporate social responsibility, dynamic capabilities, and experiential learning. Advancing research and practice in this domain, the paper advocated that scholars and policymakers should expand their focus beyond multinational corporations, employ diverse methodologies, address regional biases, and explore emerging trends. By doing so, they can contribute to a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of political risk management strategies, enabling organisations to navigate complex geopolitical landscapes more effectively. The study provided recommendations advocating that government and regulatory bodies should create an enabling environment for multinational corporations engagement with local stakeholders; encouraging multinational corporations to tailor their political risk management; more importantly, policymakers and other regulatory bodies are to recognise the role of corporate social responsibility in managing political risk; and also to promote experiential learning among multinational corporations by facilitating the exchange of best practices, case studies, and lessons learned in managing political risk. These recommendations are simply stated among several others as a roadmap for governments and regulatory bodies to create an environment conducive to effective political risk management and sustainable development. Read more