Milk Gene Expression in Different Tissues of White Fulani and Sokoto Gudali Cattle Breeds in Nigeria.

Abstract:

Milk production and composition are influenced by genetic factors, yet limited research has explored breed-specific differences in milk gene expression among indigenous Nigerian cattle. Understanding these variations is essential for improving milk quality and optimising dairy breeding strategies. This study investigated the expression of milk genes in different tissues of White Fulani and Sokoto Gudali cows. A total of 100 lactating cows (50 White Fulani and 50 Sokoto Gudali) in their second parity and mid-lactation (120–210 days in milk) were sampled from five locations in Oyo State and one in Ondo State. Milk samples were preserved at 3–4°C and analysed. Total RNA was extracted, treated with DNase, and reverse-transcribed into cDNA. Gene expression was assessed using qPCR, with GAPDH and β-Actin as reference genes. The experimental design followed a factorial arrangement. Results showed significant (p<0.05) variations in gene expression between breeds and tissues. Alpha Casein was highly expressed in milk (36.50 ± 0.29) and heart (34.58 ± 0.31) of White Fulani, while Sokoto Gudali exhibited higher expression in the kidney (32.56 ± 0.29) and mammary gland (34.65 ± 0.33). Leptin expression was higher in White Fulani milk (37.57 ± 0.30) but greater in Sokoto Gudali mammary gland (33.12 ± 0.12). These findings provide insights into breed-specific gene expression patterns, which may influence milk composition and quality improvement strategies.