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ArticleResearch Article

Cross–Border Crime and National Security in Nigeria

Usman Shehu Umar; Ashifa Agede; Okoli Kenechuckwu Nnenna; Jummai Mohammed Rikoto; Duke Gold Nkechinyere; Yusuf Afeez Adeleke

August 24, 2026•DOI: 10.52589/JARMS-09MZ5ZNJ•Volume 6 Issue 2•345 views

Cross-border crime constitutes a multidimensional threat to Nigeria’s national security, undermining territorial integrity, economic stability, and human welfare. This study examines the scope, drivers, and consequences of cross-border criminal activities, including arms trafficking, drug smuggling, human trafficking, and transnational terrorism, through a dual theoretical lens that integrates Securitization Theory and the Critical Human Security Framework. Drawing on qualitative content analysis of policy documents, institutional reports, and recent scholarly literature (2015-2025), the research reveals that Nigeria’s border insecurity is sustained by porous borders, institutional rivalry, systemic corruption, and socio-economic marginalization. Findings indicate that classic state responses, characterized by militarization, border closures, and securitized discourse, have yielded limited results because they neglect the human dimensions of security, including livelihoods, justice, community trust, and gender inclusion. The paper argues for a paradigm shift toward an integrated, people-centered model of border governance that harmonizes enforcement with community engagement, regional cooperation, and socio-economic empowerment. It concludes that sustainable national security in Nigeria depends not only on defending borders but also on securing the lives and dignity of the very citizens who inhabit them. Read more

Keywords:Cross-Border Crime; National Security; Securitization; Human Security; Nigeria; Transnational Organized Crime

ArticleResearch Article

Securing Cross-Border Digital Trade: AI Strategies for Eu-Africa Economic Growth.

Akinwale Victor Ishola; Anya Adebayo Anya; Kelechi Adura Anya; Eke Kehinde Anya

February 18, 2025•DOI: 10.52589/AJESD-VKCUF5DN•Volume 8 Issue 1•1,456 views

ABSTRACT The rapid growth of cross-border digital trade has transformed economic interactions between regions, with the European Union (EU) and African economies playing critical roles in this evolving landscape. As a driver of innovation, economic growth, and regional integration, digital trade presents significant developmental opportunities. However, the proliferation of cybersecurity threats undermines trust in digital transactions and poses challenges to the sustainability of cross-border digital trade. These risks are exacerbated by regional disparities in cybersecurity readiness, infrastructure, and regulatory frameworks, highlighting the need for robust, innovative approaches to ensure secure and resilient digital trade ecosystems. This paper explores the potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a strategic tool to mitigate cybersecurity risks and foster secure trade between the EU and Africa. The study examines the defining characteristics and economic significance of cross-border digital trade, emphasizing its role in fostering economic partnerships between the EU and Africa. It highlights existing trade agreements, collaborative efforts, and the projected growth of digital economies in both regions. Despite these opportunities, cybersecurity threats, such as data breaches, ransomware attacks, and phishing scams, present significant economic and operational challenges. The study underscores the disparities in cybersecurity preparedness, particularly in the African context, and their implications for sustainable digital trade growth. The role of Artificial Intelligence in enhancing cybersecurity is critically analyzed, focusing on its applications in threat detection, predictive analytics, anomaly identification, and automated incident response. Drawing on successful case studies, the paper demonstrates the transformative potential of AI in addressing complex cybersecurity challenges and strengthening the resilience of digital trade infrastructures. By leveraging AI-driven solutions, the EU and African economies can establish secure digital ecosystems, fostering trust and enhancing economic collaboration. The paper concludes with targeted recommendations to enhance cybersecurity in cross-border digital trade. Policy measures, such as harmonizing cybersecurity regulations and promoting AI-driven research and innovation, are essential for building a cohesive security framework. Technological investments in AI infrastructure and the development of shared cybersecurity platforms are equally vital. Furthermore, capacity-building initiatives, including specialized training programs for businesses and governments, are necessary to ensure effective implementation. These recommendations aim to address the cybersecurity challenges of cross-border digital trade and advance a secure, inclusive, and sustainable digital economy between the EU and Africa. Keywords: Cross-border, Digital trade and AI Wordcount:367 Read more

Keywords:Cross-borderDigital trade and AI.

Article

Cross-Border Trade Policies and Sustainable Economic Development in Nigeria: A Critique

Abubakar Sama’ila (Ph.D); Sha’aban Magaji

November 9, 2022•DOI: 10.52589/AJSSHR-Y4NOLPFK•Volume 5 Issue 5•1,596 views

ABSTRACT: The creation of artificial boundaries by colonialist generates desire for cross-border trade as potential instrument for economic integration and development in West Africa. There appears, however, contradictions in states’ policies in Africa which tend to overlook the inviolable boundaries compelling the need for economic interaction across the border for economic development. Paradoxically, neighboring states in Africa, more often than not, capitalize on the trade differences along the border to restrict economic interaction rather than promoting it. Nigeria has recently found itself in the dilemma of either outright trade protection for her economy or liberalizing its trade in the midst of smuggling-induced neighboring countries. Consequently on August 19,2019 President Muhammadu Buhari closed Nigeria's borders with Benin and Niger, declaring that the time had come to end rampant smuggling from those countries. This paper offers a critique of Nigeria’s Border trade policies over the years. The paper intends to challenge the predominant protectionist tendencies among the policy makers in the country. It argued that policy makers in Nigeria should first take measures to refurbish our national economy and then engage all the stakeholders in regional decision making and implementation mechanisms for proper regional trade policies. This will go a long way in providing a framework for intra-regional trade so that the regional environment will encourage more of Nigeria’s trade with its ECOWAS neighbours vis-à-vis sustainable economic growth in the region. If ECOWAS is to succeed in achieving sustainable development in the region, then Nigeria will be the biggest beneficiary; hence, her need to sacrifice more. Read more

Keywords:Cross-Border TradePoliciesSustainable EconomicNigeria

Article

Covid-19 Impact on Women in Informal Cross Border Trade in Zimbabwe

Dr. Levious Chiukira

July 30, 2022•DOI: 10.52589/JARMS-KPAOP2BD•Volume 2 Issue 1•2,261 views

This article seeks to unpack the effects the COVID-19 pandemic has had on Women in Informal Cross Border Trade (WICBT) in Zimbabwe while acknowledging the ripple effects on apparent disparate unrelated norms and realities. The research methodology utilised in this treatise unpacks the far-reaching impact of COVID-19 by providing a basis for the formulation of future theories on the interaction of COVID-19, WICBT and society in Zimbabwe as well as provide recommendations to remedy COVID-19’s ill effects. The systematic review of secondary data sources (journals, policy reports, humanitarian reports as well as newspaper articles and online media reports) formed the main basis for the positions articulated in this article. Broadly speaking, the COVID-19 pandemic has affected every facet of life including (formal and informal) trade. With a largely disputed unemployment rate, it is largely accepted that the informal sector has sheltered a significant proportion of Zimbabwe’s employable population. This demographic, traditionally dominated by WICBT, has increased exponentially as a result of COVID-19. Read more

Keywords:COVID-19WICBTcross-border tradeborderregional policy.

Article

Cross Border Migration and the Spread of Infectious Diseases (HIV & TB): A Comparative Analysis of Nigeria and Benin Republic, 1999-2017

Ezeabasili Ifeoma Ethel (Ph.D)

July 12, 2021•DOI: 10.52589/AJSSHR-ZFEA6EUM•Volume 4 Issue 3•1,672 views

Cross border migration is the movement of people across their national boundaries, it is a phenomenon that cuts across tribes, religions, and status, it is a universal phenomenon, the quest for individuals to meet their basic requirements which will enable them to live a life free from fear and wants, engenders these phenomena. This paper examines the relationship between cross-border migration and the spread of infectious diseases: HIV and Tuberculosis in Nigeria and the Benin Republic. This study utilized a secondary method of data collection. Classical migration theory was the theoretical framework on which the study was anchored. Using descriptive statistics and Pearson Correlation Coefficient, as a method of data analysis, the findings revealed that cross-border migration contributed to HIV transmission among women in Nigeria and the Benin Republic; and Tuberculosis incidence in the Benin Republic. This study concludes that cross-border migration plays an essential role in the spread of HIV in women in Nigeria and Benin Republic respectively; and Tuberculosis in the Benin Republic. Based on the findings the study recommends; that governments of both Nigeria and Benin Republic should establish mechanisms for the screening of migrants and returnees at the point of entry to know their health status and improve health facilities by; providing rapid testing equipment, mobile laboratories, and clinics, formulate policies that will address the rights of migrants, provide health workers with adequate protective machines. Read more

Keywords:Cross border migrationinfectious diseasesmigrantsNigeriaBenin RepublicHuman Security.

Journal

Advanced Journal of Science, Technology and Engineering

Advanced Journal of Science, Technology and Engineering (AJSTE) is an international peer-reviewed open access journal that publishes original research at the intersection of scientific discovery, technological innovation, and engineering practice. The journal provides a multidisciplinary platform for the dissemination of high-quality theoretical, experimental, and applied research that advances knowledge across science, technology, and engineering. AJSTE welcomes contributions that demonstrate the translation of fundamental principles into practical solutions and that advance both theoretical understanding and real-world capability.

Journal

Advances in Theoretical and Applied Physics

Advances in Theoretical and Applied Physics (ATAP) is an international peer-reviewed open access journal that publishes original research in theoretical physics, applied physics, and related physical sciences. The journal provides a platform for the dissemination of high-quality theoretical, experimental, computational, and applied research that advances the understanding of fundamental physical principles and their practical applications. ATAP welcomes contributions that deepen scientific knowledge, develop innovative methodologies, and demonstrate the application of physical theories and technologies to challenges across science, engineering, industry, and society.

Journal

African Journal of Agriculture and Food Science

African Journal of Agriculture and Food Science (AJAFS) is an international peer-reviewed open access journal that publishes original research across agriculture, food science, nutrition, and related disciplines. The journal provides a platform for high-quality scholarship that examines the food system from production to consumption, integrating agricultural science, food processing, food safety, and nutrition. AJAFS welcomes contributions that strengthen sustainable food systems, improve livelihoods, and advance scientific understanding of the links between agriculture, food, health, and society.

Journal

African Journal of Biology and Medical Research

African Journal of Biology and Medical Research (AJBMR) is an international peer-reviewed open access journal that publishes original research spanning the biological and medical sciences. The journal provides a platform for the dissemination of high-quality scholarship across laboratory, clinical, translational, population, and ecological research. AJBMR welcomes contributions that advance understanding of biological processes and disease mechanisms while supporting improvements in prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and public health outcomes.

Journal

African Journal of Culture, History, Religion and Traditions

African Journal of Culture, History, Religion and Traditions (AJCHRT) is an international peer-reviewed open access journal that publishes original research on the cultural, historical, religious, and traditional dimensions of African societies and communities. The journal provides a platform for rigorous scholarship that examines continuity and change in cultural practices, historical experiences, belief systems, identities, and traditions across Africa and the African diaspora. AJCHRT welcomes contributions that explore the interactions between local knowledge systems and global influences, as well as the ways in which memory, heritage, and identity are interpreted, contested, and transformed over time.

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