| 1 |
Author(s):
Chukwuemeka Stella Nwachukwu Okpa.
Page No : 1-14
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Determinants of Place of Birth among Post-Natal Women Attending Rumuodumanya Health Centre in Obio-Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria
Abstract
Respectful maternity care is that care provided to all women based on informed choice and continuous support during labour and childbirth. This study examined determinants of place of birth among post-natal women attending Rumuodumanya Health Centre in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area (LGA) of Rivers State, Nigeria. The aim was to ascertain the factors that determine the choice of place of birth among postnatal women. It was a phenomenological study that attempted to answer two research questions. The population for the study was a total of 31,440.64 post-natal women in Obio/Akpor LGA of Rivers State, Nigeria. The sample size was 8 postnatal women who consented to participate in the study. The data instrument was a self-structured and validated “Interview Guide on Determinants of Place of Birth among Postnatal Women Attending Rumuodumanya Health Centre (IGDPBPW)”. Data was analysis based on the themes generated by the participants’ comments from the interview conducted by the researcher. Findings showed that the women with high educational qualification and parity delivered their first baby in the health facility because it was their first experience. Majority of the women noted the caring, cordial relationship and good hospitality of healthcare workers motivated them to give birth in the health facility. Also, the study showed family members belief in hospital delivery and this to a large extent affected their choice of giving birth in the health facility. Majority of the participants choose to give birth at home because it is cheaper than in health facility. In conclusion, the women perceived that they were poorly treated by healthcare workers in the healthcare centre and therefore, continue to give birth at home and with the TBAs especially after their first pregnancy. Therefore, it is recommended that healthcare workers (midwives) should embark on community mobilization to create awareness and provide information to mother on the benefits of giving birth in the health facility and capacity building should be organized for health workers to improve on their knowledge of and attitude towards provision of respectful maternity care to ensure safe and high quality care for women of child bearing age and their infants.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Olamuyiwa Olapeju , Dr. Anthonia Ngozi Okafor.
Page No : 15-21
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Effectiveness of a Nurse-Led Comprehensive Sexuality Education among Secondary School Adolescents in Ibadan North-East Local Government Area Oyo State Nigeria
Abstract
Adolescent pregnancy is a major socio-medical and economic problem in developed and developing countries that is becoming more prevalent in recent times. The specific objectives are to assess the level of pre-intervention knowledge on comprehensive sexuality education for any pre-intervention healthy negotiation skills, administer the adolescents’ comprehensive sexuality education emphasizing the healthy negotiation skills, measure post intervention levels of knowledge on comprehensive sexuality education and measure post intervention HN skills of adolescents. The study adopted a pretest-posttest quasi experimental design; made up of experimental and control groups which consisted of 720 adolescents randomly selected from four co-educational secondary schools. A modified questionnaire was used to elicit information from the participants. Interventional CSE program was administered after pretest was given to the participants in the interventional schools. Two research hypotheses were tested and analysed using ANOVA statistical too significant at 0.05 alpha level. Findings revealed that the knowledge of CSE empowered and developed adolescents’ sexuality behaviors, and there were increased responses among adolescents who reported they developed HNS at post-intervention as they learnt to defend themselves from environmental peer pressures. Conclusively, the intervention effectively improved knowledge, enhanced better self- esteem, increased self-dignity, assertiveness and sex refusal. Recommendations, CSE to equip adolescents with HNS should be adopted in the schools’ curriculum to build assertiveness and improve adolescents’ sex negotiation skills.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Zulkiflu Musa Argungu, Maryam Ahmed, Ahmed Sa’idu.
Page No : 22-30
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Public Attitude Towards Psychiatrists: A Comparison between two Metropolitan Cities in Nigeria (Birnin-Kebbi and Sokoto)
Abstract
Background: Many psychiatric patients in need of mental health care have no access to psychiatric care in low and middle-income countries due to negative attitude toward psychiatrist. Public attitudes towards psychiatrists have not been adequately studied in most developing countries like Nigeria, where lack of psychiatrists is well-known. Our study aimed to explore attitudes towards psychiatrists in the general population in two Nigerian metropolitan cities (Birnin-Kebbi and Sokoto) and to identify factors that could influence these attitudes. Methods: Explorative surveys in the context of public attitudes towards psychiatrists were conducted in a convenience sample from the general population in Birnin-Kebbi (n=187) and Sokoto (n=195). Sampling was balanced for age, gender and school education. Results: We found more negative attitudes towards psychiatrists in Birnin-Kebbi relative to Sokoto (p < 0.05) when comparing the two samples using multivariate analysis. Negative attitudes in both cities are associated with lower levels of education (p<0.05) and stronger religious beliefs (p<0.05). Conclusion: Two major metropolitan cities in Nigeria varied widely in attitudes toward psychiatrist. According to previous research, negative attitude is associated with lower education rates and stronger religious beliefs in both cities. Future research in a diverse country like Nigeria that identifies finer cultural and social factors that play a significant role in attitudes towards psychiatrists.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Sodimu Jeminat O., Asonye Christian C.C..
Page No : 31-49
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Effectiveness of a Nurse-Led Training on Food Safety Practices among Public Primary Schools Food Vendors in Abeokuta South Local Government, Ogun State
Abstract
Food-borne illnesses are responsible for disease globally. Using theory of planned behaviour as a framework, the objectives of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a nurse-led training on food safety practices among public primary school food vendors in Abeokuta South Local Government Ogun State, to determine the pre intervention and compare the post intervention knowledge, attitude and self-reported practices, mean scores on food safety and hygiene of intervention and control groups and to administer and evaluate food safety and hygiene training programme. This study adopted quasi-experimental design with two treatment groups forming the control and intervention groups using 120 food vendors who registered with Government in Abeokuta South Local Government. Self-administered questionnaires were used to assess food safety knowledge, attitude and self-reported practices of registered food handlers trained in the programme; a draft of the instrument along with the objectives of the study, research questions were submitted for face and content validation. Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient was used to test for reliability, values of 0.70 and above was accepted and items that scored less were reframed. Descriptive and inferential statistics such as t test were used to explore relationships between the nurse-led training and knowledge, attitude and self-reported practice. The study results revealed a statistically significant difference (p>000) between knowledge, attitude and practice of food handlers after the intervention. Results of this study may assist policy makers in planning future training programs for food handlers, which will eventually lead to a safer food supply for the school children and a reduction in food-borne disease outbreaks in Ogun State.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Mr. Asonye Christian Chinedu C..
Page No : 50-65
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Healthcare Delivery: Time for a Paradigm Shift Towards a more Humane Clinical Care
Abstract
The healthcare delivery centres, i.e. from primary, secondary, tertiary and specialist levels are certainly not known to be a place where inhumane care is rendered to clients/patients who finds the hospital environment new and strange, and are worried about their medical/surgical conditions. Unfortunately, there are several reported forms and manners of inhumane treatment being meted out on patients daily in various hospitals by some healthcare workers. These include verbal abuse (shouting, scolding, or using insulting languages), physical abuse, rude behaviors (such as providers ignoring, dismissing or ridiculing the patient's opinions), and abandoning patients during consultations or in critical situations when assistance was required, and disregard of patient’s privacy. Also, unavailability or absenteeism of either the doctor or nurse who is supposed to be on-call or on duty has also been reported and has left the patients to suffer untold hardship, and some have paid the ultimate price – death. Healthcare professionals, most especially doctors and nurses' negative behaviors towards patients, are fast becoming a norm, as patients are being perceived as an object rather than a human being with dignity. The thought of the medical/nursing profession as a calling or a profession borne out of the altruistic concern for humanity is fast fading away and is being replaced with a job title that is more transactional. To eschew inhumane nursing/medical care in healthcare institutions, health workers need attitudinal change. Patients get attached to professionals with a positive, lovely, and friendly attitude, just like bees to nectar. There is a need to reattach great value to human life, respect, and uphold the dignity of every patient, and this could only be achieved through attitudinal change. The government must also help in regulating the activities in the healthcare sector, and ensuring formidable partnerships amongst the federal, state, and local governments and the private (NGO) sectors.
| 6 |
Author(s):
Dr. Samuel G.K., Winifred Eneyo.
Page No : 66-74
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Utilization of Contraceptives among Female Senior Secondary School Students in Andoni LGA of Rivers State
Abstract
This study investigated the utilization of contraceptives among female senior secondary school students in Andoni LGA of Rivers State. A descriptive survey design was adopted as the research design for this study. The population of the study comprised of one thousand, three hundred and nineteen (1319) female senior secondary school students in Andoni Local Government Area of Rivers State. A multi-stage sampling technique was adopted to select a sample of 496 for the study. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.85. Data analysis was using statistical tools such as percentage, regression and chi-square. The findings of the study showed that the level of utilization of contraceptives among the respondents was 51.8%. The methods of contraceptives used include condom 105(42.2%), oral contraceptive pills 82(32.9%), withdrawal 39(15.7%), and intra uterine contraceptive device 23(9.2%). Age was found to have statistically significant relationship with utilization of contraceptives whereas religion and parents’ occupation were not. It was concluded that female senior secondary school students in Andoni LGA only had an average level of contraceptive utilization. Therefore, the Planned Parenthood Federation of Nigerian should consider the rural areas particularly adolescents in their effort to increase contraceptive utilization by supplying free contraceptives to the rural areas time, youth friendly centres in and set up LGA this may help to fill the gap in utilization.
| 7 |
Author(s):
Ochala Ejura Jennifer, Rauf Ibrahim, Professor (Dr.) Syed Ali Gulab Jan, Associate Professor (Dr.) Samsiah Mat.
Page No : 75-83
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Contraceptive Practice Barriers and Suggested Measures to Improve Contraceptive use among Mothers from a Tertiary Hospital in Abuja, Nigeria
Abstract
Introduction: Ill-timed, unspaced births and high birth rates put Nigeria infamously as the 4th highest contributor to global maternal mortality. The period following childbirth provides a window of opportunity to reduce this through improved contraceptive use. This cross-sectional quantitative study carried out at a tertiary hospital in Abuja to identify contraceptive practice barriers and measures to improve use among mothers with infants less than 12months. Methodology: Questionnaires were to administered on 220 consenting mothers; data analyzed using SPSS software version 25. Descriptive analysis and the inferential statistical techniques used are binary logistics regression and the paired-sample T-test to establish the relationship between variables — the p-value set at 5% level, thus p<0.05 is termed significant. Results: 200 questionnaires were retrieved; the mean age of the respondents was 31; most had tertiary level education, were Christians and in monogamous union. Most mothers desired and had below four children. The commonly used methods are the condom, IUD, pills and implant. 48% are currently on a method. Contraceptive use was dependent on respondent’s religion (p=0.050) and child’s age (p=0.038). Identified barriers are personal information and health system barriers. There appeared a statistical difference in the perception of barriers and measures to improve contraceptive use. PB and HEM [t(199) = -11.456, p=0.000]. FCB and FCM [t(199) = -4.608, p=0.000]. HSB and HSM [t(199) = -8.173, p=0.000]. Conclusion: Less than half of postpartum women use any form of contraceptive and child's age and religion determined it, the mothers are indifferent on personal information and family/cultural barriers, but concerned on improving health system measures. This study reaffirmed the place of health education and drawing attention to improving method availability, counselling, opening, and equipping more family planning facilities can improve contraceptive.
| 8 |
Author(s):
B.R. Simon Rosser (PhD), Lucy Mgopa, Sebalda Leshabari (PhD), Michael W. Ross (PhD) , Gift Gadiel Lukumay, Agnes Massawe, Ever Mkonyi, Inari Mohammed, Stella Mushy, Dorkas Mwakawanga, Maria Trent, James Wadley, (PhD).
Page No : 84-102
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Legal and Ethical Considerations in the Delivery of Sexual Health Care in Tanzania
Abstract
Tanzania is a country with multiple sexual health challenges including high rates of HIV/STIs, early sexual debut, forced sex, sexual dysfunction, and teen pregnancy. Training in sexual health care is limited, while courses on how to address the ethical aspects of sexual health are non-existent. To address this gap, this paper explores legal and ethical challenges to providing sexual health care in Tanzania. First, we describe the sexuo-cultural and epidemiologic challenges, and the key laws regulating sexual health. Six case studies identify ethical dilemmas in healthcare delivery. They are: (a) how to address sexual and intimate partner violence; (b) treatment of illegal or stigmatized key populations; (c) treatment of couples in HIV serodiscordant, non-monogamous, and/or polygamous relationships; (d) requests for and participation in illegal healthcare; (e) treatment of women and children in the presence of their husbands and fathers; and (f) addressing child sexual abuse. We apply the ethical principles of autonomy, justice, beneficence and non-malfeasance. A second challenge is ensuring confidentiality in a setting where medical record keeping practices vary widely, and violations to confidentiality are perceived as common. Finally, we identify a set of best practices in sexual healthcare delivery tailored to the Tanzanian context.
| 9 |
Author(s):
Adetunji Oluseye Adetayo, Orodiran Paulina B. O., Adetunji Dorcas Bukola.
Page No : 103-110
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Relevance of Body Image, Physical Attractiveness, Sexual Satisfaction and Self-Esteem in the Joint and Independent Influence on Psychological Adjustment of Patients that Undergo Mastectomy
Abstract
The study is a descriptive Ex-post facto research and quantitative design was adopted. Sample size was determined using Taro Yamane formula and purposive sampling technique was adopted to select one hundred and twenty post-surgical patients who had mastectomy for the study. Data was processed using statistical package for social science version 21. Two research questions were answered using descriptive statistics of percentages and three hypotheses were tested using inferential statistics of student t-test at 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that there is influence of physical attractiveness and Body image on psychological adjustment among patients undergoing mastectomy in OAUTHC. It is shown that there exists a significant physical attractiveness and Body image difference in psychological adjustment [t (118) = 1.99; <.05]. There exists influence of sexual satisfaction on psychological adjustment among patients undergoing mastectomy in OAUTHC. It is shown that there exists significant sexual satisfaction difference in psychological adjustment [t (118) = 5.98; P.05]. Sexual satisfaction, self-esteem and physical attractiveness had significant joint influence on psychological adjustment [R = .33; R2 = .11; F (3, 118) = 4.33; P<.01]. Collectively, sexual satisfaction, self-esteem and physical attractiveness accounted for about 11% variance in psychological adjustment. However, only sexual satisfaction (β = .43; t = 6.33; P<.01) and physical attractiveness (β = .15; t = 1.99; P<.05) had independent influence on psychological adjustment. The improvement of body image and physical attractiveness will positively enhance the sexual satisfaction of patients which will have a positive effects on their psychological adjustment and improved quality of life.
| 10 |
Author(s):
Omololu Fagunwa.
Page No : 111-119
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Religion and Weight Status in Nigeria: Analysis from the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey
Abstract
Obesity, the excessive accumulation of fat in the body is a global concern with major health, economic and psychosocial consequences. Nutrition and weight status are important in health and wellbeing. While the effects of undernutrition are well known and are been addressed, data are scarce on the relationship between weight status and religion in African countries. To investigate the relationship between religious affiliation and weight status in the general Nigeria population, dataset from the Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys (NDHS) were quantitatively analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics 22. The analysis shows that religious affiliation, wealth index, age, education and residence type affect the distribution of overweight and obesity among Nigeria women age 20-49 years. Women in southern Nigeria are more overweight and obese compare to those of the northern region. There were more overweight and obese women among Christians (24.3% and 10.7%) than other religions (14.0% and 6.0%) respectively. The prevalence of obesity is increasing in Nigeria. Faith leaders and faith-based organisations may be involved in the strategic plan and implementation plan on obesity and other non-communicable diseases.
| 11 |
Author(s):
Dr. Samuel G.K., Amini Lucy.
Page No : 120-134
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Knowledge and Practice of Food Safety among Local Restaurant Operators in Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni Local Government Area of Rivers State
Abstract
Foodborne illness is a public health precedence causing morbility and mortality in general population. Many people die of food poisoning every year in Nigeria from foodborne pathogens from contaminated food and water. Hence this study assessed the knowledge and practice of food safety among local restaurant operators in Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni local government area of Rivers State. A cross-sectional design was used for the study; ninety-three (93) local restaurant operators participated in the study. Data was collected using a three sectioned standardized questionnaire, which was analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). The data was analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, ANOVA and Chi-square. The result showed a good knowledge of food safety with a percentage of 82.53%. There was also a reasonable extent of food safety practice among respondents, where the grand mean was 3.42 which were significantly higher than the criterion means of 2.50. The result also shows insignificant relationship between food safety knowledge and practice and socio-demographic characteristics such as age, level of education, marital status, religion and years of experience (p>0.05), hence the null hypothesis was retained. However, there was a significant relationship between gender and food safety practice. Although this study reported good food safety knowledge and a reasonable extent of food safety practice, there is need for institutions like CAO and CPC to create more awareness on food and its implication to the healthcare and economic system when adequate measure is not taken.
