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Author(s):
Editor in Chief.
Page No :
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African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research, Volume 7 Issue 1, Cover Page
Abstract
African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research, Volume 7 Issue 1, Cover Page
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Author(s):
Musa Ismail Shafa, Mustapha Mukhtar, Mansur Idris.
Page No : 1-15
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Impact of Good Governance on Health Outcome, Education Output and Economic Growth among Selected African Countries
Abstract
Good governance is an essential component that drives better health outcomes and education output required as a catalyst that will stimulate economic growth, and this constitutes a vital social objective due to a good level of human capital development. The study evaluated the impact of good governance on health outcomes, education output and economic growth among selected African countries using panel data from 2000 to 2020. The Panel unit root tests indicated that real gross domestic product, health outcome, and indicators of good governance are stationary at a level. In contrast, education output, education expenditure, health expenditure and foreign aid are stationary at first difference. The Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) results show that good governance indicators have positive and statistically significant effects on real gross domestic product in the selected African countries. Education expenditure has a positive and statistically significant effect on real gross domestic product in the selected African Countries. Primary school enrolment has a positive and statistically significant effect on real gross domestic product in the selected African Countries. Life expectancy has a positive and statistically significant effect on real gross domestic product in the selected African Countries. Health expenditure has a negative but statistically significant effect on real gross domestic product in the selected African Countries. Foreign aid has a positive and statistically significant effect on real gross domestic product in the selected African Countries. The study recommends that African countries should ensure an adequate supply of medical facilities at the level, minimise the incidence of insecurity challenges, and have a good standard of living to increase the life expectancy of African people. All things being equal, the economic growth will increase.
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Author(s):
Adeshina Iyanuoluwa Omotayo (Ph.D), Damian Kehinde Adesegha (Ph.D).
Page No : 16-27
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Conflict in Healthcare: Examining the Role of Social Media and Smartwatches on Healthcare Delivery in Among Students of Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti
Abstract
Social media can be an instrument that fosters peace and wellbeing. It can also be used to incubate hatred and fan violence. A man’s health can affect his peace and how he relates and function in the world. Social media ensures the swift flow of information between people irrespective of geographical borders. It is therefore pertinent that accurate information and data be corroborated swiftly so as to prevent misleading information dangerous to the health, peace and wellbeing from spreading to the general public. The research looked into how the social media and smartwatches impact on healthcare management and personal wellbeing. The study was conducted among the postgraduate students of Afe Babalola university Ado Ekiti, Nigeria. The selected sample size for the study comprised of 60 participants who were purposively selected and issued survey questionnaires. The study found out that the social media has led to the rise of false information about health practices among graduate students. The study also found that smartwatches has a positive significant effect on health management among graduate students in ABUAD.
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Author(s):
Alade Olanrewaju, Dr. Oluwatobi Adedamola Ayilara.
Page No : 28-37
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The Effect of Data Compromises on Internet Users: A Review on Financial Implication of the Elderly in the United States
Abstract
Data compromises, specifically personal data breach, in recent years, have become one of the issues that have caught the attention of the government as well as the relevant agencies because of their negative impact on elderly people in the U.S. as regard the amount of finance lost yearly to internet crime activities. The inability to effectively curb the level of internet criminal activities in the country has also resulted in financial loss trending for a few years among elderly people who are also the primary victims. The objective of the article is to review the financial implications of data compromises on elderly people concerning personal data breaches as well as to make a few recommendations to relevant bodies. The article adopted a descriptive-analytical method in the study to review data compromises while focusing on personal data breaches among elderly people. Data was collected through secondary means that focused on personal data breaches and financial loss between the years 2018 and 2022. The study review found that personal data breaches have become a trend among elderly people through which internet criminal activities were common in the U.S. The trended outcome of the data compromises have resulted in the financial loss among elderly people in the country. The article suggested a few recommendations to government and concerned agencies on the measures they could take to protect elderly people against falling victim to personal data breaches that prey on their finances.
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Author(s):
Oladipo Abimbola Oluwaseun, Saheed Zakaree S., Egwaikhide Christopher I., Alexander Anfofum A.
Page No : 38-54
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Impact of Transport and Communication Capital Expenditure on Economic Growth in Nigeria, 1986-2022
Abstract
One of the major impediments to the improvement of the transport and communication sector is inadequate capital spending. Despite the readiness of the government to upgrade the critical infrastructures, there still exist huge infrastructural deficits in Nigeria. Based on these, this study examines the impact of government capital expenditure on transport and communication on economic growth in Nigeria between 1986 and 2021. The study employed autoregressive distributed lag model as the method of analysis and the result reveals that in the long run, government capital expenditure on transport and communication (CEXTRC) with a coefficient value of 0.019, commercial banks’ credit to the transport and communication sector (CBCTRC) with a value of 0.025 and government revenue (GOVR) with a value of 0.065 have positive and significant impact on economic growth in Nigeria. The results also reveal that the inflation rate (INFR) with value of -0.16 has a negative and insignificant impact on economic growth in Nigeria. The short run result found that CEXTRC with value of 0.02, CBCTRC with a value of 0.04, GOVR with a value of 0.21 all have positive and significant impact on economic growth. INFR however shows a negative impact with a coefficient value of -0.28. The study therefore recommends that the government should prioritize the transport and communication sector by allocating more funds in order to provide good transport and communication systems such as railways, roads, waterways, internet, highways and so on. These would help to reduce costs of production, improve better accessibility to markets, create businesses and employment opportunities which will have a multiplier effect on economic growth, by enhancing it.
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Author(s):
Ovwata Success Onojieruo.
Page No : 55-69
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Sexuality and Cultural Conservativism in Africa
Abstract
This paper interrogates the concept of sexuality within the purview of an African context by evaluating the position revolving around a conception of an African sexuality as opposed to a multivariated conceptualisation of sexualities within Africa. The paper raises critical questions as regards the concepts of an African sexuality ranging from; what constitutes the grounds for a conceptualisation of African sexuality? To what extent do the viability or non-viability of such ground answer the deep challenges as it relates to alternative sexualities? How does the question of sexuality play a role in determining the ideological framework upon which intra-socio-cultural interrogations are properly built? To this end, the baseline argument of this paper, seeks to create a point of synergy between the concept of African sexuality and the dynamics of sexualities in Africa, by presenting a moderate call for the decolonization of African minds, most especially as it pertains to issues of sexuality, through an analysis of the diverse patterns within which sexuality has been conceived within the African setting. Furthermore, in reclaiming the sanctity of an African perspective, this paper argues for cultural conservatism as both a historic African phenomenon, and a more pragmatic approach towards attaining a mentally decolonized post-colonial Africa.
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Author(s):
Komene Goodnews Loanyie (Ph.D.), Ethel Ben Eke (Ph.D.).
Page No : 70-105
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Police Organisational Behaviour and the Trend of Criminal Activities in Rivers State Nigeria.
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the extent to which the Nigeria Police Force (NPF) organizational behavior has reduced the trend of criminal activities in Rivers State. A descriptive survey research method of correlational research design was employed in this study to provide detailed investigation of the procedure used to establish the relationship between the Nigeria police force organizational behavior and the trend of criminal activities in Rivers State. The population of the study was 193,392,500 persons consisting of residents drawn from the cities and rural communities in Rivers State. A sample size of 400 respondents was determined, using Taro Yamene’s sample size techniques at 0.5 percent level of significance. A purposive sampling technique was adopted using a considerable percentage representation approach to ensure effective selection of the representative sample elements of the population from respondents who have adequate knowledge of the study under investigation. A structured instrument for data collection containing twenty (20) item questions was used for the study. The face and content validation of the instrument was obtained through the judgment of experts. A test-retest method was used to determine the reliability of the instrument and a reliability index of .83 was obtained. The data collected were analyzed using the descriptive statistics involving the mean score test and the percentage test method to answer the research questions, while the Z-score test of the inferential statistics method was used to test the hypothesized variables at .05 level of significance. The results obtained revealed that “Nigeria Police Force organizational behavior does not significantly reduce the trend of criminal activities in Rivers State.” The implication of the finding is that the discovered weakness of the Nigeria police force organizational behavior is that it lacks the needed proactive ethical improvement value to carry out its responsible assignments as an organization. Consequently, increasing the level of police compromise with many related criminal activities is considered mephitic enough to uplift or expand the trend of criminal activities in the state if more punitive measures are not employed by the government. It was therefore advisable that the federal government should employ legal assessor that will be used to form “Police Behavioral Monitoring Task Force (PBMT)” in every local government areas to oversee or monitor unethical and irresponsible behaviors of the Nigeria police officers in each state to curtail or curb police dysfunctional involvement in criminal related practices.
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Author(s):
IYOBHEBHE ITOHAN, SHARON John-Igbiele, FOWOSERE Sherifat Olayinka.
Page No : 106-118
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Strategic Management Practices as Fundamental to the Achievement of Organizational Performance
Abstract
Given the increased emphasis on evaluating an organization's effectiveness in relation to strategic management practices, it is now widely recognized that delivering high-quality products and services, utilizing cutting-edge technology, establishing effective plans, and building an efficient resource management system is crucial for gaining a competitive advantage. Therefore, this research investigates the impact of strategic management practices on organizational performance, focusing specifically on the perspectives of personnel in the regional office of UBA in Lagos, Nigeria. To accomplish the study's goals, the researchers utilized the Taro Yamane sampling technique to ascertain an ideal sample size of 171 participants, obtained from a population of 300 randomly selected. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS program, correlation analysis, and scatter plot charts with a predetermined significance level of 0.05. The study's results demonstrate a statistically significant relationship between strategic management practices (strategy formulation, implementation, and evaluation) and organizational performance (profitability, productivity, and operational performance). Hence, the research recommends that management embrace strategic management methodologies to enhance organizational performance by establishing clear objectives, improving decision-making processes, optimizing resource allocation, adapting to environmental shifts, fostering creativity, ensuring organizational coherence, and implementing performance measurement.
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Author(s):
Akingbade Babajide Olufemi, Bassey Manasseh Edidem (PhD).
Page No : 119-133
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Democratic Governance and the Challenges of Leadership in Nigeria Under Buhari Administration
Abstract
The output of democratic process depends on the nature, character and pattern of administrative leadership of the democratic leader piloting the affairs of the state. Since independence, Nigeria has witnessed different administrations or regimes with concomitant implications on democratic governance. Despite abundant human and natural resources in the country, the realization of the dividends of democracy are not being enjoyed by the citizens because of political leaders controlling state affairs. This study examines the challenges of Buhari's administration and its implication on democratic governance in Nigeria between 2015-2023. The study adopted descriptive and documentary research methods and relied majorly on secondary data and elite theory was adopted as the theoretical orientation of the study. The study revealed that the major challenges of leadership in Nigeria under the Buhari's administration are corruption, non-adherence to the rule of law and banditry related issues which serves as impediments to democratic governance in Nigeria. The study, however, recommends that the government should set up independent corrupt agencies with personalities who have integrity to run it, so that the issues of corruption will be ameliorated. Government should also allow the judiciary to independently carry out their judicial function without any political interference and further allow the law to take its course at every set time without violating the principle of rule of law as propounded by Albert Venn Dicey. Government should strategize effectively using the security apparatus of the state to create an enabling environment that is secure for all to stay and not having fear that the security of the populace is not guaranteed because of inability to stop the ongoing and lingering banditry issue of grave security concern to Nigeria and to the international community at large. The study concluded that there is need to have a strong agency comprising of individual that has integrity, the professionalism of conduct of lawyers and purging of the legal system who has compromise to subvert the justice system and strong strategic provision of effective security apparatus will help to mitigate this issues that has devoid the people to believe that they are not enjoying the benefit of democratic system.
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Author(s):
Tadios Chisango, Michelle Mapulazi, Lissa Hombarume, Penelope Momberere, Bekithemba Ngwenya.
Page No : 134-151
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The Effects of Adult Separation on Children’s Academic and Psychosocial Wellbeing at School. A Case Study of Senga Primary School in Gweru, Zimbabwe.
Abstract
This study investigated the lived experiences of children from a primary school in the Gweru region of Zimbabwe, whose parents were either separated or divorced. The study was undertaken to ascertain how these learners are psychologically and academically affected by their family situations. The data were gathered using narrative stories, personal narrative diary entries, and interviews. The study was qualitative in nature and aimed to achieve an in-depth understanding of the topic through studying 12 participants, who were purposely sampled. The data were transcribed and analysed using the open-coding technique and thematic analysis. The results revealed that even though the effects of the divorce and separation varied, the participants shared similarities with regard to their emotional states. They invariably experienced feelings of sadness, distress, abandonment, anger, helplessness, and stress. The results also indicated that divorce had a significant impact on the participants’ academic behaviour, school lives and integration at school. The researchers made recommendations which would improve the children’s plight.
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Author(s):
Danyaya Muhammad Shehu (Ph.D.), Suwaiba Muhammad Bachaka, Rashida Muhammad.
Page No : 152-161
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The Nature and Scope of Diplomatic History
Abstract
Diplomatic history is a subfield of history that focuses on the interactions and relationships between states and their representatives. It is concerned with the nature of diplomacy and the role it plays in shaping international relations. Diplomatic history also encompasses a wide range of areas including the study of treaties, alliances, war and peace, and the role of diplomacy in shaping the modern world. More so, the discipline looks at the influence of non-state actors, such as individuals, corporations, and NGOs, on the course of diplomatic history. In addition, the scope of diplomatic history is vast and covers a range of historical periods and regions. The field also studies the impact of culture, emotions, and identity on diplomatic interactions. However, the discipline is faced by some challenges and limitations. Some historians argue that diplomatic history is too focused on state actors and official sources, and that it fails to account for the experiences of ordinary people. This paper examines the nature and scope of diplomatic history. It explains the meaning of history, diplomacy and how the concept of diplomatic history evolved and the role of diplomacy in history. It also highlighted the impact of diplomacy on world events. The relationship between diplomatic history and other disciplines was also examined. The paper uses a historical research approach in its analysis.
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Author(s):
UZAMERE Rasak Okunzuwa (Ph.D.).
Page No : 162-173
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Social Studies and Citizenship Education: Its Role in Entrenching Right Democratic Values in Students
Abstract
This paper investigated social studies and citizenship education’s role in entrenching right democratic values in students. Over time, there has been expressed dissatisfaction by the Edo people that the government officials and representatives do not reflect public choice. There are also situations where individuals show up for voter’s registration and still fail to vote when the time comes. Nigeria has continuously been plagued by electoral malpractices and a whole lot of misconduct which gives the impression that social studies education has not made a remarkable impact. The paper examined the concept of social studies, civic and citizenship education, attitude towards voters’ registration, attitude towards the rule of law, attitude towards voting, attitude towards the electoral process and good governance in Nigeria, and concluded that social studies curriculum content be broadened to address the issues of political education.
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Author(s):
Wisdom Akpan, Edidiong Ekoriko, Anne Ekanem, Inimfon Ottong.
Page No : 174-184
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Attitude and Perception as Associated Risk Factors of Sexual Harassment of Secondary School Girls in Abak Lga, Akwa Ibom State
Abstract
Sexual harassment occurs when people are targets of unwanted sexual comments, sexual gestures, or sexual actions and, for many years, this has been a major challenge among secondary school girls. School girls have been plagued by sexual harassment occurring in school; a place which was meant to be a safe environment where girls acquire knowledge needed for future development has become an unsafe environment where girls are sexually harassed. This study therefore examined how the perception and attitude of secondary school girls predict the possibility of their sexual harassment. To achieve the purpose of this study, 384 questionnaires were administered to secondary school girls through a 3 stage multi sampling. The data were analyzed using simple percentage and chi-square P≤0.05. The study found that students have poor perception and negative attitudes toward sexual harassment and these are risk factors of sexual harassment. The study recommends that students develop and maintain a positive perception and attitude so as to help them to avoid being sexually harassed. Students should report any case of sexual harassment in school and such complaints should be made to people in authority not just to friends and fellow students
