| 1 |
Author(s):
Agbo Nwanneka Justina.
Page No : 1-9
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The Influence of Personality Traits on Career Decision among Secondary School Students in Enugu East Senatorial Zone of Enugu State
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to look at the impact of personality characteristics on profession decisions among secondary school students in Enugu State, Nigeria. The survey design was used for the investigation. The research's sample of 200 kids was recruited from ten public schools in the study region using a stratified random selection procedure. The main data collecting instrument was the personality traits and students' career choices questionnaire (PTSCDQ), and the data obtained was analyzed using the independent t-test technique. At the 0.05 level of significance, the null hypotheses were tested. The findings suggested that attitude and perception personality characteristics had a substantial effect on secondary school students' profession decisions. Based on these and other findings, it was determined that students' profession choices are impacted not only by their parents and image models, but also by their attitude, perception, and individual attributes based on how they think about such careers. As a result, it was suggested that professional counselors, parents/guardians, teachers, and administrators work together to raise career knowledge and pay greater attention to the personality traits of attitude and perception demonstrated by students.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Patrick I. Ukase (Ph.D), Terungwa P. J. Jato (Ph.D).
Page No : 10-26
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Socio-Economic Consequences of Conflict: The Predicament of Internally Displaced Persons in Benue State
Abstract
The main aim of the study was to examine the conditions of IDPs in Benue State, with other specific objectives. A data was collected from sample of 236,262 IDPs obtained from 3 official camps (Abagena in Makurdi, Gbajimba in Guma, and Anyiin in Logo) and 3 unofficial camps (Agatu, Gwer-West and Anyiin Community LGAs) out of the twenty-eight (6 official & 22 un-official) IDP camps with a population of 483,693 IDPs. Primary data was sourced essentially through oral interviews and Focused Group Discussions (FGD). Secondary data was obtained from published sources. The qualitative analytical approaches of grounded method and hermeneutic analysis were used to analyse the data from interview transcripts and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). These were complemented with descriptive methods. Findings of the study showed that the State Government could only provide shelter and other support for 15% of the IDPs leaving the 85% to fend for themselves. The effects of displacements on the affected rural communities in Benue State were found to include: land grabbing and likely extinction of the rural communities, changes in the demographic composition of the rural communities, economic and political backwardness, among others. In terms of the prevailing conditions in the IDP camps, the findings revealed that all IDPs are facing challenges of accommodation, inadequate food, inadequate employment opportunities, poor clothing, lack of access to quality education and poor healthcare. These have left the IDPs with unfavourable short and long-term impacts which include: homelessness, starvation/malnourishment, diseases, death, etc. Conclusively, though there has been support from both the State and Federal governments and humanitarian assistance from other spirited bodies, more interventions are urgently needed in the areas of shelter, food, clothing, health, education, and access to employment for vulnerable IDP families across Benue State, as they still wallow in pains in their current state of deprivation. The study also recommends that the Benue State government should ensure the implementation of the existing principles, guidelines, and strategies targeting IDPs to alleviate their suffering.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Zankan J.A.A., Abdul I., Mande A.J., Abdul H.A..
Page No : 27-47
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Livelihood Implication of Artisanal Mining on Herders in Jema’a and Sanga Local Government Areas of Kaduna State, Nigeria
Abstract
This study assessed the livelihood implication of artisanal mining on herders in Jema’a and Sanga local government areas of Kaduna state, Nigeria, with a view to providing information for sustainable living. Data for this study was collected through questionnaire survey, in-depth interview and direct field observation. The result showed that herders are involved in artisanal mining due to economic hardship/poverty, quick/high income generation from mining, supplementing income generated from other sources, lack of livestock, availability of minerals, high level of insecurity and Covid-19 lockdown. The result also indicated that artisanal mining increases asset acquisition, empowerment and provision of job to herders, leads to new income generating opportunities, and increase in income due to high demand for animal products, but diminishes available land for grazing, forces herders to relocate to new areas, causes competition for natural resources, lures their younger ones away from herding, prostitution, armed robbery and kidnapping, loss of livestock, pollution of domestic water sources and loss of young herders. It is therefore important that adequate training be given to herders on modern methods of livestock keeping to discourage them from involving in mining of minerals. In order to reduce their vulnerability to mining of minerals, it is also recommended that government and private sectors should work towards reducing poverty and unemployment to all kinds of persons across the country.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Akubueze Christian Nzubechi, Peter Thankgod Oyinmiebi, Chima C. John.
Page No : 48-58
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ECOWAS Common Currency Postponed Again: Will the Currency Ever be Launched?
Abstract
The plan to introduce a common currency in West Africa has been difficult to achieve. Since this plan was agreed upon by member countries, it has faced more than 5 postponements, and this has made scholars and experts question whether the common currency will ever be introduced in the sub-region. This question comes from the postponement of the launch of the common currency to 2027. Before this announcement, the common currency was confronted with various issues and challenges (convergence criteria, fear of loss of fiscal sovereignty, CFA franc zone, and France hegemonic pressure). ECOWAS blamed the COVID-19 pandemic for the recent postponement of the date to 2027. This paper therefore seeks to interrogate the implication of the COVID-19 pandemic on the common currency process coupled with the already existing challenges and issues that had over the years confronted the common currency. The study relied essentially on qualitative data predicated on secondary data. The study adopted the theory of Optimum Currency Area. The paper revealed that the inability of ECOWAS to overcome the issues facing the common currency caused the postponements. The study recommended, amongst other things, that the issues and challenges should be addressed by ECOWAS, the process of the common currency should not be rushed, and the eurozone crisis should serve as a lesson to ECOWAS.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Yasin Abubakar (Ph.D) , Umar Aminu Yandaki.
Page No : 59-78
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From Commodity to Colonial Currencies: A History of Money in the Former Sokoto Province of Nigeria during Pre-Colonial and Colonial Periods
Abstract
Prior to the British conquest of Northern Nigeria in 1903, to which the former Sokoto Province area of Nigeria belonged, the region had an organised economy consisting of an agricultural system that produced not only foodstuffs but also raw materials and supplies for industries and international trade. There were systems of markets, taxation, credit, as well as local and long distance trade. There were also many kinds of currencies used as medium of exchange. The currencies are being referred to differently by various scholars. Some of the names given to them include: ‘commodity’, ‘trade’, ‘traditional’ or ‘local’ currencies. They include slaves, cloths, cowries, manilla, iron rods, silver, gold, Maria Theresa dollars, etc. Some of them had very limited areas in which they were used as currency while others were used over a vast area. Moreover, some of them such as slaves and cloth were locally sourced and had other uses than serving as currency. Others like cowries and silver dollars were obtained from far places such as Maldives Island in the Indian Ocean and various European and American countries respectively. However, when colonial rule was imposed on Africans, the colonial powers regarded the pre-colonial currencies not only as inefficient but also pernicious and then replaced them with colonial currencies. The colonial currencies were actually more portable, easily convertible and universally acceptable compared to the pre-colonial currencies. Thus, the British considered the pre-colonial currencies of the Nigerian area as ‘cumbersome’, which would not allow for international trade and incorporation of the country’s economy into that of the British capitalist economy. Consequently, the British coins were introduced and gradually they replaced the pre-colonial currencies as the only medium of exchange. This paper, therefore, examines the history of transition from the use of commodity to colonial currencies as media of exchange in the former Sokoto Province of Nigeria during the pre-colonial and colonial periods. Historical research methodology, through the use of primary and secondary sources, were employed to write the paper.
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Author(s):
Agiri Ese, Morka Blessing Chukwuka.
Page No : 79-86
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Local Government Caretaker Committees in Nigeria and their Effects on Socio-Economic Development
Abstract
The state governors in Nigeria have manipulated the local government councils in Nigeria to the extent that they appoint their cronies and loyalists as caretaker committee chairmen without regard to the constitutional provisions for democratically elected council chairmen. In all cases, the choice of their appointees is not always the choice and wishes of the local people and the masses at the grassroot always rejected them. The most fundamental problem inherent in caretaker committees of local government council is that caretaker committees are conduit pipes for corruption by the state governors to siphon off local government councils’ finances. The state governors solely or in tandem with their party leaders handpick few individuals viewed as core loyalists to the governors. Local government councils ought to be managed by democratically elected individuals and not the state governors appointing their cronies and loyalists as caretaker committees’ chairmen without regard to the constitutional provisions for democratically elected local government council’s chairmen. Presently in Nigeria, the state governors are truncating the tenure of the democratically elected council officials and replacing them with members of the ruling political party in the state as caretaker committee. We perused at the constitutional provisions for local government councils through the Democratic Participatory Theory. This paper studied carefully the reasons for state governors in Nigeria setting up caretaker committees and the impact of these committees on local government councils in the country. Based on the conducts of the state governors, it was recommended that state governors who fail, neglect and refuse to conduct free and fair elections for local government councils in a state should be prosecuted after their tenures and if found guilty be given maximum capital punishment. This would serve as a deterrent to others in the future, among others.
| 7 |
Author(s):
Abubakar Sama’ila (Ph.D), Sha’aban Magaji.
Page No : 87-97
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Cross-Border Trade Policies and Sustainable Economic Development in Nigeria: A Critique
Abstract
ABSTRACT: The creation of artificial boundaries by colonialist generates desire for cross-border trade as potential instrument for economic integration and development in West Africa. There appears, however, contradictions in states’ policies in Africa which tend to overlook the inviolable boundaries compelling the need for economic interaction across the border for economic development. Paradoxically, neighboring states in Africa, more often than not, capitalize on the trade differences along the border to restrict economic interaction rather than promoting it. Nigeria has recently found itself in the dilemma of either outright trade protection for her economy or liberalizing its trade in the midst of smuggling-induced neighboring countries. Consequently on August 19,2019 President Muhammadu Buhari closed Nigeria's borders with Benin and Niger, declaring that the time had come to end rampant smuggling from those countries. This paper offers a critique of Nigeria’s Border trade policies over the years. The paper intends to challenge the predominant protectionist tendencies among the policy makers in the country. It argued that policy makers in Nigeria should first take measures to refurbish our national economy and then engage all the stakeholders in regional decision making and implementation mechanisms for proper regional trade policies. This will go a long way in providing a framework for intra-regional trade so that the regional environment will encourage more of Nigeria’s trade with its ECOWAS neighbours vis-à-vis sustainable economic growth in the region. If ECOWAS is to succeed in achieving sustainable development in the region, then Nigeria will be the biggest beneficiary; hence, her need to sacrifice more.
| 8 |
Author(s):
Meng Yuqiu.
Page No : 98-107
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The Portrayal of Neoliberal Subjects in Chinese People in Africa
Abstract
This article examines the television documentary Chinese People in Africa (2016), as part of the official Chinese efforts to enhance China’s image in media and communication, for both the domestic and the international audiences. The determined, hard-working, self-relying individuals engaged in wild life conservation, peace-keeping, non-governmental organization service etc., offer typical neoliberal subject figures that reform-era China up till the 2010s tries to make of Chinese citizens. To the extent that the show’s value orientation fails to register the leftward ideological turn ensued by an actual leadership power transfer well before the show’s production, the documentary is also a good example of ideological tenacity in the field of cultural production.
| 9 |
Author(s):
Muideen Adejare Isiaka, Oluyemi Theophilus Adeosun, Adeyemi Amos Talabi, Lukuman O. Lamidi.
Page No : 108-125
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Relationship between Public Debt and Exports in Nigeria: A Granger Causality and Threshold Analysis Approach
Abstract
This paper examines the relationship between public debt and exports of Nigeria, ranging from the period 1981 to 2017. It analyses the trend of public debt and its measure of sustainability and how it relates to the export earnings of Nigeria. Granger causality was used to test the causality effect of public debts on Nigeria's exports (oil and non-oil exports). Also, threshold regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between public debt and exports of Nigeria. Granger causality results show that the export of goods and services of Nigeria granger causes external debt while external debt does not granger cause the export of goods and services. Domestic debt has a statistically significant influence on exports of Nigeria, but a threshold exists for this to avoid the crowding-out effect and higher interest rate, which will influence exports negatively. Hence, for Nigeria as a nation to maintain the sustainability of its domestic debt in relation to exports, there is an existence of a maximum threshold limit of ₦6,538 billion, while external debt should be below ₦3,178 billion.
| 10 |
Author(s):
Davies Ugowe.
Page No : 126-138
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The Normalization of Fraud in Nigeria: An Excerpt From “In a Time of Fraud: The Untold Story of the Nigerian Fraudster”
Abstract
The proliferation and widespread use of the internet in Nigeria has resulted in the emergence and spread of a wide range of computer- and internet-enabled device-related crimes. Identity theft, fraudulent electronic mail transmission, hacking, spamming, and machine spoofing are just a few examples of internet-facilitated crimes. This paper is an excerpt from the same author's unpublished book, "In a Time of Fraud: The Untold Story of the Nigerian Fraudster." Through participatory observations, surveys, and interviews, it aimed to expose the methods of internet fraudsters in Nigeria, also known as Gboys/Yahoo-boys, who operate in organized crime groups (OCGs), also known as Hustle Kingdoms (HKs). This paper attempts to demonstrate how widespread and interconnected the fraud networks and acts are in Nigeria and throughout Africa, as well as the complicity of the Nigerian police and the belief systems that fuel them.
| 11 |
Author(s):
Etta Julius Ndifon (Ph.D).
Page No : 139-152
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Figures of Reality: Vision and Imagery in Niyi Osundare’s Poetry
Abstract
The international stature and renown of Niyi Osundare as a poet is due in part to the fact that his restless creative impetus is engaged with the existential predicament of the common man, and partly also because of his reliance on imagery as a veritable artistic form for the definition and exploration of his themes. This paper examines Osundare’s poetic imagery from the standpoint of its imaginative and thematic values. It argues that Osundare’s imagery not only embodies the poet’s vision of his society, but is also central to his technique. The paper also examines the themes that have generally exercised Osundare’s image-making faculty, and how he uses imagery to amplify or illustrate those themes.
| 12 |
Author(s):
Tenibiaje Mokolapo Oluwatosin , Oloruntola Blessing Ayomitan.
Page No : 153-160
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Influence of Domestic Violence on the Academic Performance of Secondary School Students in Ado – Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of domestic violence on the academic performance of secondary school students in Ado–Ekiti, the capital city of Ekiti State. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information from students from four selected secondary schools in Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. The total population of respondents used for the study were 200 students from the selected secondary schools, comprising 98 males and 102 females. Pearson correlation and linear regression analysis were used to analyse the data. The study revealed the significant influence of domestic violence on the academic performance of secondary school students. The study also revealed the impact of exposure to domestic violence on the attitudinal behavioural pattern of secondary school students, showing that students who got exposed to domestic violence tend to exhibit or involve in violent activities within the school or in the community.
