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Author(s):
Editor in Chief.
Page No :
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African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, Volume 3 Issue 6, Full Issue
Abstract
African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, Volume 3 Issue 6, Full Issue
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Author(s):
Akinpelu Oluwafunmilayo Miriam.
Page No : 1-24
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An Overview of Yoruba Oral Literature, Its Viability as a Historical Data Source and its Contribution to Modern Yoruba Historiography
Abstract
Like most oral literary corpora, Yoruba oral literature has mostly been viewed through skeptical lenses when it comes to being a viable source for the providence of sound historical information. The reason for this skepticism is tied to its capricious aural medium of transmission and its collocation with non-literacy and pre-literate epochs. This study aims to problematise this prevalent perception by underscoring the historicalness of Yoruba oral literature and exploring the different ways its genres have been employed by scholars of modern orientations in the discovery or validation of historical information in and around the Yoruba nation. Ample focus is given to reviewing the tentacular outlooks of scholars on the historical functions of Yoruba oral literature. Within the loci of the divergent stances examined, the hypothesis that Yoruba oral literature has an enduring historical dimension that has contributed to modern Yoruba historiography is presented and tested using various examples.
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Author(s):
Onyeche Chinwendu (FIIAS), Lilian Oghenenyoreme Itoje-Akporiniovo.
Page No : 25-34
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Sociology of Education and its Relevance in Nigeria Society: Contemporary Perspective
Abstract
The study centered on sociology of education and its relevance in Nigeria society: Contemporary perspective. The emergence of sociology as a discipline is the direct consequence of the inadequacy of the earlier branches of knowledge before it to explain the debilitating crises of renaissance and enlightenment era. The research was prompted by observation on how sociology of education will assist to reduce social vices and unrest in our society today by transmitting the right values and norms to our children. Sociology took as its primary focus the study of man in group context to underscore the need of group dynamics in understanding the total social system. The greatest uphill task of the society then was how to restore peace and order in the society. It later delves into the influence of social relationships on people’s attitudes and behaviours and how societies are established, managed, and changed. As non-professionals perceive it, sociology is the study of man’s interaction within the society, but it is far beyond that as it also deals with the organizations (industries) and control of man’s behaviours and attitudes to life within the society. In other words, in any setting where there are two or more persons in interaction, a sociological study is bound to take place. In view of the above, we may be force to assert that we have sociology virtually in anything including the sociology of sociology. The paper is situated within the framework of Structural functionalism theory. The researcher utilizes only qualitative and descriptive research methodology predominantly, Time Series research design was adopted and data was collected mainly through Documentary Observational Method as a data gathering technique. In this discourse the researcher deemed it pertinent to start by giving a general overview of the study. Thus, the problems were highlighted and possible remedy outlined. The study recommended among others that: Government, parents/guardians and policy makers should as a matter of urgency put more effort in creating educational policies for the betterment of the child and the society at large.
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Author(s):
Edmund F. Obomanu, Juliana Ogbe.
Page No : 35-52
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Coronavirus and Development Crises in Nigeria: Issues and Policy Implications
Abstract
Recent research interest to review post COVID -19 pandemic in Nigeria, Africa’s largest economy is informed by existing development crises exacerbated by the pandemic and the policy implications. While development is the desire and pursuit of every responsible and responsive government, Nigeria is still grappling with development crises, which became pervasive following the outbreak of the pandemic, that emanated from Wuhan in China towards the end of 2019 and eventually spread to many other countries across the globe leading to the emergence of what can be termed a ‘new normal’. How the pandemic has deepened the development crises of Nigeria has not been given adequate research attention. In the light of existing realities, this study sets to fill this gap by exploring the linkages between post COVID -19 pandemic and the development crises of Nigeria. The study adopts a qualitative methodology that builds on the political economy approach as it relied largely on secondary sources of data. Findings suggest that the pandemic aggravated Nigeria’s development crises. Based on our findings, a post-COVID-19 recovery strategy was recommended to re-establish the conditions for a quick return to a path of economic growth as well as overall human development. In particular, to enable the country build a concrete structure and working system that can easily respond to future emergencies in a globalizing world.
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Author(s):
Ughulu Eghoikhunu Stella, Okhiria Raphael.
Page No : 53-64
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Public Policies: A Driving Force of Public Private Partnership in Nigeria
Abstract
The study examined public policies as a driving force of Public Private Partnership (PPP) in Nigeria. It utilized the secondary method of data collection. The study found that lack of government continuity in policy and multiple legislations are some of the challenges bedeviling the PPP policies in Nigeria which has also negatively affected its drive of PPPs in the country. Thus, it recommends that there should be more public awareness, orientation and sensitization on the available PPP policies to properly guide individuals and government agencies in the country. The study also recommended that the various pieces of legislation should properly be synchronised with one another and with the wider legislations, to impact positively on PPP transactions in the country. The study concluded that the enactment of PPP policies in the country has encouraged private sector support of government through partnerships and has enhanced the operations of PPP, thus, making Public Policy on PPP a major driving force of PPPs in Nigeria.
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Author(s):
Oyigbenu Zipporah Elijah.
Page No : 65-77
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Effect of Employees’ Training on Performance of Academic Staff of Some Selected Tertiary Institutions in Nasarawa State (2011-2017)
Abstract
This study assessed the effect of employee training on performance of academic staff of some selected tertiary institutions in Nasarawa State namely, Nasarawa State Polytechnic, Lafia (Naspoly), College of Education Akwanga (COEA) and Nasarawa State University Keffi (NSUK) over a period 2011 to 2017. The study adopted a survey method of data collection and a sample of 415 respondents were selected using stratified random sampling technique. The data used in the research was obtained using questionnaire. The reliability of the instrument yielded 0.75 Cronbach Alpha Coefficient from the pilot study. The research hypotheses were analyzed using chi-square statistical tool and SPSS version 17. The result of the analysis revealed some of the major factors that impact negatively on staff training of the institution selected to include; high cost/poor funding of training, negative attitude and behavior of academic staff towards training, improper planning and implementation, technological innovation and creativity, poor budgetary provision and improper consideration for training needs had grossly affected the quality of staff training over the years. The result further revealed that effective methods of staff training used in the institutions were workshops, seminars, conferences and in-service training which were suitable and effective but wrongly implemented. A significant relationship between training and employee’s performance was also identified.
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Author(s):
Rodolfo Varela Tavares.
Page No : 78-93
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Evaluation of the Use of The Internet and Social Media Platforms in the Electoral Campaigns for the Legislative Elections of March 2016 in Cabo Verde
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to evaluate and describe the opinion of a group of Cabo Verdeans on the use of internet and digital social media platforms by political parties / candidates in the legislative elections held in March 2016, focusing on the use of strategy political digital marketing to communicate / interact and persuade voters. To achieve this purpose, a quantitative - descriptive research was used, using the structured electronic questionnaire as a data collection instrument. The sampling typology used was non-probabilistic, for convenience and accessibility, and the sample of 131 elements consisted of the participants' voluntary adherence to the questionnaire that was available during the month of June 2016 on the Google form platform. The results revealed that “Facebook”, “online newspaper sites” and “viber”, were the digital channels pointed out by the participants as having been more important in bringing candidates closer to voters and at the same time showing satisfaction in the way they were used. In general, only 10.1% of the subjects surveyed stated that they had been influenced by the content conveyed or actions developed on the internet /digital media plataforms, with the items “publications of opinion articles made by policy experts”, “Publication with answer / argument from candidates on facebook”, “publication with answer / argument on the websites of the parties”, were those that had the highest score of influence in the vote.
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Author(s):
Dike Felix Okechukwu, Scholastica Coffee Lewis.
Page No : 94-104
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Impact of Social Media in Combating the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons and Prospects
Abstract
The COVID19 pandemic has caused negative impacts in both the economy of nations and in the wellbeing of people. As deaths and incidences from the pandemic continue to rise, we note the important role that social media can play in helping to disseminate vital information needed by global citizens to help curb the erratic pandemic. However, there are still grappling challenges in getting absolute compliance from individuals with respect to COVID19 health information and safety instructions from relevant authorities. Using a descriptive survey, we investigate the perception of individuals in adhering to local news media directives on COVID19 control. Our sample consist of 198 foreign nationals who had been working in China around the time that the pandemic started. Results show that participants agree that news from their local media has been authentic and has significantly helped to reduce the impact of the pandemic in their various current places of residence. We recommend that local media agencies should be encouraged to consistently update the masses in their various countries on updates about health guidelines and instructions in controlling the pandemic. Also, authentic sources should be consistently referenced as a doubt about the authenticity of news can greatly cause panic and doubt among people with consequent devastating effects if people believe that such news are no longer authentic.
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Author(s):
Dr. Mrs. Chidinma Dokubo, Dr. Daerego Taylor, Ededeh Ataije Susan.
Page No : 105-122
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Influence of Youth Participation on Sustainability of Community Development Projects in Ogba/Ebgema/Ndoni Local Government Area and Ahoada East Local Government Area in Rivers State, Nigeria
Abstract
This study examined influence of youth participation on sustainability of community development projects in Ogba/Ebgema/Ndoni and Ahoada East Local Government Areas in Rivers State. Three specific purposes, three research questions and three hypotheses guided the study. Descriptive survey research design with population of 1,476 youth was adopted for the study. Sample size of 311 youth drawn using stratified proportional sampling technique and consisting of 166 youth from Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni local government area and 145 from Ahoada East local government area were used for the study. Self-structured questionnaire titled “Perceived Influence of Youth Participation on Sustainability of Community Development Projects Questionnaires (PIYOPSCDPQ)” was used for the study and subjected to test retest reliability. The relationship between the two tests was done using Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) to obtain r value of 0.76. Data collected for the study were analysed using mean to answer the research questions and independent t-test to test the hypotheses formulated with the aid of SPSS version 20.0. The results show that youths from ONELGA and Ahoada East opined that to a very high extent their involvement in planning projects enhances sustainability of community development projects. The results also showed that youths from ONELGA and Ahoada East opined that to a low extent their involvement in needs identification and executing projects enhances sustainability of community development projects. The results also show that there is no significant difference in the mean rating of youth in Ogba/Ebgema/Ndoni Local Government Area and Ahoada East Local Government on the extent to which youths are involved in community needs identification and planning projects for sustainable community development projects. However, there is significant difference in the mean rating of youth in both groups on the extent to which youths are involved in executing community development projects for sustainability. It was recommended among others that: youth should be given the opportunities to participate in community needs identification and community leaders should give the youth the opportunities to collaborate with adult and experience members of the society especially professionals during their participation in community projects so that they can serve as mentors to them.
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Author(s):
Osude Bala Osumanyi, Ahmed Usman Egye, Oyigbenu Zipporah Elijah.
Page No : 123-135
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Public Policy And Democratic Governance In Nigeria
Abstract
This research is set out to study the relationship between public policy and democratic governance in Nigeria. The methodology adopted is descriptive and content analysis. The research used elitist model to explain the problem under investigation. It is generally accepted that the process through which public policy is conceived, formulated and implemented is one of the most important processes of governance and societal development. Its relevance lies in the fact that it serves as the political, legal, economic and administrative framework within which government operates. Under democratic governance, public policies are potent tools toward the realization of good governance. These days, it is not uncommon for people discussing or believing in public policies of government probably due to the failure of government in the past to improve considerably the living standards of the people. This is due to several challenges on the side of government and the public. These myriads of problems range from policy somersault, lack of political will and poor financing. The paper posits that government has to be accountable and responsive to the people, work hard on public enlightenment in order to gain support for any policy from the people and solve problem of political apathy of citizens and their loss of confidence on the processes of governance.
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Author(s):
Antony Nyombi, Ruth Muwesa, May Sengendo.
Page No : 136-147
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Role of Women in the Management of Aflatoxins in Mayuge District, Uganda
Abstract
The study was done to evaluate the role of women in managing aflatoxins using shelling and sorting of groundnuts. A combination of questionnaires focus group discussions, literature, and key informants were used to collect the data. A total of 100 respondents participated in the study. The majority of participants were women and girls, a big proportion of whom were older women (age 31 years), making 55.8%. Of these, 48.9% had only primary education. The study showed that 36.3% of the female were married though the number of widows (18.8 %) was also high. The elderly women were more influential in making decisions on the management of aflatoxins and more females than males used and valued this knowledge. Shelling and sorting were done mainly by hands due to financial constraints to acquire mechanical tools.
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Author(s):
Adeoye Adeponle Olayode, Anuodo Oludare O..
Page No : 148-156
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Imported Second-Hand Tyres: Why Nigerians will not Stop its Use
Abstract
The use of imported second-hand tyres is one of the leading causes of high mortalities and disabilities in Nigeria which has implication on socio-economic progress of the nation. Over 10,000 fatalities were recorded on Nigeria roads between 2011-2020. The use of poor tyres accounted for more than 8.42% of this fatality. This study investigated factors that have sustained the use of these tyres over the years despite stakeholders’ effort to eradicate and discourage its use. Specifically, the paper examined the relationship between socio-economic factors and the use of imported second hand tyres, attitude of automobile users about these tyres and values assigned to imported second-hand tyres. The study employed a multistage sampling technique and administered 140 questionnaires to automobile users. The study found no statistical association between socio-economic factors and the use of these tyres. The study also found that the use of these tyres was pervasive across all levels of social strata. Furthermore, the study revealed that positive attitude about these tyres still revolved around the mind of most automobile users and a higher proportion attributed positive values to these tyres. The study concluded that factors that have sustained the use of imported second-hand are beyond socio-economic factors as documented in literature. Perceived durability attributed to foreign used goods has been a major factor. Aggressive sensitization of the risk involved in the use of these tyres, revival of redundant tyre industries, patriotism and professionalism of personnel attached to the country’s border are recommendations to eradicate the use of these tyres.
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Author(s):
Busari-Akinbode Sofiat Abimbola, Temilola Olusegun Moses.
Page No : 157-166
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Effectiveness of Community Development Associations (CDAs) in Implementing Development Projects in Surulere, Lagos State
Abstract
Community development, a generic method of social work has been in practice in Africa, specifically Nigeria for donkey years, though often practiced informally through self-help efforts. Community Development Associations (CDAs) are expected to be at the front burner of implementing these self-help projects. This study therefore sought to examine the effectiveness and challenges of CDAs in implementing development projects in Surulere Local Government Area, Lagos State. A comparative study was conducted using two purposively selected CDAs within close proximity; 12 In-depth Interviews were conducted with both the executive and non-executive members of the CDAs and 2 key informant interviews were conducted with the community development officers in each L.C.D.A. The study found that, factors such as poor funding and community participation; as well as variation in the mode of operation of the two associations were found to be impeding/enhancing the effectiveness of CDAs in implementing development projects. This study recommends that, executives of CDAs should engage in continuous sensitization of residents on the importance of community participation and that, government should consider increasing its financial support to CDAs.
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Author(s):
Fie David Dan-Woniowei, Victor Ojakorotu.
Page No : 167-185
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Recounting Offshore Multinational Oil Corporations’ Induced Conflict Costs on the Survival of Coastal Communities in Nigeria
Abstract
Multinational Oil Corporations (MNOCs)’ induced conflicts and military raids on local oil-bearing communities in the Niger Delta no longer make headline news in Nigeria. Many may be living in that euphoria as if the issues which usually provoke such conflicts are completely resolved in the country’s oil-rich region. Suffice to state that the issues which usually induces them and the costs continue to place heavily burden on the survival of oil-bearing communities across the Niger Delta. This paper recounts Offshore Multinational Oil Corporations (OMNOCs)’ induced conflict costs on the survival of coastal communities in Nigeria. This conflict-cost-survival analysis was appraised using quantitative technique involving 471 respondents from 6 Local Government Areas, 3 each from Bayelsa and Delta States in the Niger Delta of Nigeria. The findings show that the OMNOCs’ induced conflicts exacerbate costs including death and destruction of properties, forced migration, social disorder, breakdown of families, and total dislocation of businesses in the region. It therefore, recommends that the OMNOCs and the Federal Government of Nigeria should endeavour to avoid use of force to quelling oil-related conflicts in the Niger Delta.
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Author(s):
Abel B.S. Gaiya.
Page No : 186-203
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Industrial Policy and Firms’ Adaptations to Imperfect Pockets of Efficiency: The Case of Dangote Group
Abstract
Among other factors, successful industrial policy requires pockets of bureaucratic efficiency to be present. However, there are cases whereby pockets of efficiency are imperfect under competitive clientelist political settlements. As such, adequate resources and organizational capabilities of capitalists could compensate for the deficits in industrial policy tools while being supported by other, “lighter”, policy tools. The case of Dangote Group in the Nigerian cement and downstream oil industries is presented to demonstrate this. While the Nigerian state was unable to implement heavier industrial policy tools, it could provide tariffs and fiscal incentives (tax exemptions and holidays). Yet, for most of the Fourth Republic period, only in the cement industry was there such a firm to take advantage of these industrial supports.
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Author(s):
Ernest O. Odwori, Were L. L. Munyendo.
Page No : 204-215
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Impact of Covid-19 Crisis on Drinking Water Utilities in Nzoia River Basin, Kenya
Abstract
This study was conducted on drinking water utilities in Nzoia River Basin to gauge the impacts of COVID-19; the challenges utilities are facing and the responses they are undertataking to address the COVID-19 pandemic. The results are a snapshot of the time we went to the survey between July and August, 2020. The most common utility challenges reported were: social distancing practices at utility offices or facilities; revenue generation; supply of personal protective equipment (PPE); supply of water treatment chemicals, sustaining water supply operations due to absenteeism of staff, the strain caused by COVID-19 on field operations and water treatment plant operations; and irregular supply of other materials for water supply operations besides water treatment chemicals. The survey revealed that utilities have taken a number of mesures to protect their operations and staff against the COVID-19 pandemic. These included: developing actions to manage risk and plan for contingencies (eg. restrictions on visitors/customers entering offices or other facilities); delaying anticipated capital construction, reducing anticipated maintenance and repair schedules and suspending capital construction that was in progress so as to avail money for emergency COVID-19 programmes; introducing spending adjustments in response to COVID-19 (eg. travel for training/conferences); assisting customers affected by the economic fallout (eg. suspending customer water shut-offs); taking on board a number of workforce and human resources efforts due to Covid-19 (eg. illness reporting); collaborating with other agencies to assist in COVID-19 response (eg. coordinating with local health department); preparation of COVID-19 pandemic plans; setting the primary factors to be considered before re-opening (eg. ability to supply masks, hand sanitizer, etc); taking steps to protect employees from possible COVID-19 infection (eg. enhanced disinfecting and sanitizing procedures of workspaces; reduce size of inperson meetings to maintain social distance, etc). The current COVID-19 crisis clearly demonstrates the dangers of unequal access to water services. Clean water and soap are essential to preventing most infections, COVID-19 included. Water utilities should assist customers affected by the COVID-19 economic fallout by suspending shut-offs so that everyone gets access to a minimum level of water supply. If water services get affected, it will mean spikes in coronavirus outbreaks, particularly in high-density communities where social distancing is not possible. Utilities should prioritize access to vulnerable communities and informal settlements. Given the importance of clean portable water supply, and the current pressure placed on our utilities by the COVID-19 crisis, the national and county governments in Nzoia River Basin should subsidise the utilities to keep water running. This paper provides useful insights for water sector policy makers in their fight against the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Author(s):
Shamsu-Deen Ziblim (PhD), Francis Xavier Jarawura (PhD), Bapula S. Herrick.
Page No : 216-231
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Transition of Female Migrant Porters (Kayayei) into Sex Work in Accra, Ghana
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the drivers of the transition of female migrant head porters into sex work. The research was cross-sectional in nature with both quantitative and qualitative approaches to data collection. Relationship between the concept of female migrant sex work and emerging predictors were structured using Connell’s theory of gender and power with respect to labour, behavior and cathexis. One hundred and sixty (160) randomly selected female migrants in the streets of Accra were interviewed with the aid of semi-structured questionnaire. Also, 12 female sex workers were identified through snowball sampling and were engaged in focus group discussions and in-depth interviews on the subject. The findings revealed that 56.2% of female migrant head porters doubled as sex workers. The majority of female migrants were aged between 25 – 29 year olds (41%) and single (60%) with at most primary level of education (55.2%). Also, age and religion were found to be significant predictors of female migrants’ involvement in sex work. Female migrants who were less than 20 years were less likely to participate in sex work compared to those with ages above 20 years. The drivers of female migrants towards sex work were categorized into immediate factors, underlying factors and basic factors. The immediate factor was found to be inability to cater for daily necessities in the midst of a strange community where familial and community support are distant. Underlying this problem were social pressure to join sex work, poor returns from Kayayei and transient unemployment. The study concludes that female migrants” is a vulnerable group in Accra. They are susceptible on diverse fronts to entry into prostitution, human trafficking and other dimensions of modern day slavery. National, Civil Society and philanthropic interventions must target the amelioration of the basic necessities of existing migrants and empower through multi-sectorial approaches, environments.
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Author(s):
Idajili A., Adebayo T.A., Chijioke U.W., Irowa-Omoregie D..
Page No : 232-245
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The Impact of Global Infectious Diseases on Nigeria’s Socio-Economic Development
Abstract
Global infectious diseases such as COVID-19, SARS, and Ebola have caused huge negative impacts on Nigeria’s population health and socio-economic development. This research discusses the socioeconomic impact of these global infectious diseases on Nigeria to provide a better understanding to government and practitioners of why improving the management of infectious disease outbreaks response is so important for a nation’s economy, its society, and its place in the global community. The research aims to provide the results of an analysis of the impacts of COVID-19, Ebola, and SARS based on feedback from literature reviews, document analysis, and events during the COVID-19, Ebola, and SARS outbreaks. All outbreaks of COVID-19, Ebola, and SARS have had socioeconomic impacts on Nigeria, causing significant negative impacts on health, the economy, and even national and international security. Findings indicate that global infectious diseases have presented a global epidemic threat, but their social and economic impacts Ebola and SARS in Nigeria were not as serious as in the case of COVID-19 because, though the response to COVID-19 was swifter, the coronavirus has lingered the longest and management has not been as effective. Findings show that beyond the public health impacts of regional or global emerging and endemic infectious diseases, events lay wider socio-economic consequences that are often not considered in risk or impact assessments. With rapid and extensive international travel and trade, such events can elicit economic shock waves far beyond the realm of traditional health sectors and the original geographical range of a pathogen. While private sector organizations are impacted indirectly by these disease events, they are under-recognized yet effective stakeholders that can provide critical information, resources, and key partnerships to public and private health systems to help them respond to and prepare for potential infectious disease events and their socio-economic consequences.
