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Author(s): Madu A. N., Paul Rachael C., Maduako K. N., Mbakwe I. E., Anyaorie C. N., Madu J. N..

Volume/Issue: Volume 4 , Issue 4 (2024)

Abstract:

Aloe vera gel and rind have been examined for their phytochemical properties as well as their chemical composition using GC-MS and the results in general showed that the matured aloe leaf plant is composed of approximately 55–70%, inner leaf and 30 – 45% rind by weight. The inner leaf contains about 98.5–99.5% water and 0.5 – 1.5% solids; the rind contains 88–91% water and 9–12% solids. The whole leaf contains total solids of about 3.5 - 4.5 %, while the extractable solid of the whole leaf was approximately 1%. The main components in these analyzed samples were found to be the ash, free sugars, organic acids, and polysaccharides. The protein contents are relatively high in fresh plants, in the range of 3.8–8.3%, and higher in rind than in gel. Protein content is low in the juice powders, assuming proteins were removed in the filtering and decolorization process. The GC analysis of ethanolic extract of aloe vera (EEAV) resulted in 31 significant retention time (RT) peaks revealing more than 25 phytochemical compounds (approximately 25 compounds/peak) present in the EEAV. In the GC-MS analysis, 21 bioactive compounds, based on their peak area percentage, Retention Time (RT), molecular weight and molecular formula were identified including 2-methyl 1-butanamine, n-hexadecyl acetamide, 2-methyl isobutylamide, glycyl-di-alanine. The ethanolic extract of aloe vera Rind indicated the presence of 3-aminopropionitrile, Adenosine 2-methyl acetic acid and 4-(3-acetylamino-2-oxopropyl) phenyl ester), 1,3-dichloro-4,6-dinitrobenzene, Adenosine,2-methyl alanine, Ethyl-2-(diethoxyphosphoryl)-oxy-3,3,3-trifluoropropanoic, 2-methyl-ethyl,5-(furan-2 yl)-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxylate, 1-butanamine and 2-methyl,1-butanamide, 2-methyl acetic acid, 2-butyn-1-ol, N-hexadecyl acatanamide, 2-methylisobutanamide and isobutanamide. The gel is mostly used for the preparation of various products like juice, makeup items, tissue papers, moisturizers, soaps, sunscreens, incense, shaving cream, and shampoos. The identification of compounds like Hexanoic Acid, Citronellyl Butyrate, Phytol, Myristic Acid, Palmitic acid, Palmitoyl Chloride and Octadecanal in the present study is important since they are known to be used in flavoring and fragrance, moisturizing creams, shaving creams, shampoos, bathing oils lipsticks and perfumed products.

Keywords:

Aloe vera, Gel, Rind, Ethanolic, Extraction.

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