| 1 |
Author(s):
Adeosun Praise Kehinde (Ph.D.), Ekwere Ndifreke Soni (Ph.D.).
Page No : 1-10
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Detecting Randomness Effect among Raters in Physics Essay Items Using Many-Facet Rasch Measurement
Abstract
This study sought to detect randomness effects among raters in physics essay items using Many-Facet Rasch Measurement. The research design adopted for this study is descriptive research design based on survey method. The population of the study comprised eighty-eight (88) public schools in all the local government areas with a physics student population of 3,642 students and ninety-four (94) physics teachers in all the Senior Secondary Schools in Uyo Senatorial District for the 2022/2023 academic session. Three hundred and sixty-four (364) SSS3 physics students and 37 physics teachers from the 31 selected secondary schools in Uyo Senatorial District were sampled using multistage sampling technique for effective selection. The multi-stage sampling technique was adopted for the study. The instrument used for data collection was Physics Achievement Test (PAT) obtained from WAEC and NECO 2020 Physics Essay items with reliability coefficients of 0.91 and 0.90 respectively. The finding revealed that most of the individual raters commit randomness effect when rating physics essay Items. It also revealed there is a significant difference at the rater's group level exhibiting randomness effect when rating physics essay items, which implies that there is no group-level randomness effect present among raters when rating physics essay items. We concluded that rater effects are sources of variance in performance ratings that are associated with the raters' behaviour and not the actual performance of the ratee. It was recommended that raters should follow the rating guidelines to reduce the impact of randomness in their ratings and provide more accurate and objective evaluations.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Chidinma Dokubo (Ph.D.), Azubuike Baba Clement.
Page No : 11-17
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Emerging Trends in Worker-Cooperatives in a Changing World of Work: Implication for Community Development in Nigeria
Abstract
Worker-cooperatives are emerging as organizational structures responding to the trends within the world of work, ranging from technological, economical to social trends. They have a specific democratic governance structure of management and members being the workers and they are also in charge of decisions making in the enterprise. As part of the trends in a changing world of work, worker-cooperatives use different spectrums of technologies for local and international work performance. They buy out or take over business organizations that are failing as a result of the financial and economic crisis and transform the business organizations into productive enterprises. They also generate employment for members and non-members, provide financial assistance to members and non-members at a reduced interest rate and help to train community members to be proficient in different fields of endeavour. Obviously, in the Nigerian society today, worker-cooperatives are agents of bringing development in urban settlements and rural communities.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Augusta Arko-Mensah.
Page No : 18-29
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Ethnomus Performative Analytical Tool: A Conceptual Thought in Performance Analysis of School Music in Ghanaian Cultural Context
Abstract
One of the areas of school music that have drawn attention to researchers is how music performances can be analysed by way of assessment to obtain objectivity in awarding specific grades to students involved in the performance. This paper highlights Ethnomus assessment tool, a culturally contextualised analytical tool for analysing and assessing school musical performances objectively. Additionally, it sheds light on prevalent notions of discussing music using Western musical discourse theories. Simultaneously, it establishes specific analytical frameworks that are adapted to the cultural context for the evaluation of music performances in Ghanaian educational institutions. The paper was approached topically and deductively in order to unravel situations of subjectivity and narrowness of the Westernised analysis and projects a thought that comprehensively situates itself within an African context for music performance assessment. The core of the Ethnomus assessment is in how the cultural elements have been used in the performance as well as the thoughts of audience about the performance. Three people are involved in the assessment procedure: the teacher, the student (performer) and the audience. The paper establishes the Ethnomus assessment tool for school music performance, aiming to contribute to the ongoing discourse in this field and promote objectivity within the specific context of Ghanaian culture. The recommendation is made for educators and musical analysts to adopt a holistic approach, drawing upon the Ethnomus assessment presented in the paper as a foundation for their assessments and analyses. This approach is envisioned to enhance the depth and objectivity of evaluation of musical performances in schools within the Ghanaian cultural milieu.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Victor-Akinyemi Helen Bidemi (Ph.D.), Olashupo Olamilekan Zacchaeus.
Page No : 30-42
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Historical Perspective of Industrial Relationship in Nigeria
Abstract
This study provides a comprehensive examination of the evolution of industrial relations in Nigeria, tracing its historical development from the colonial era through post-independence fluctuations, military rule, structural adjustments, and contemporary global influences. It highlights the interplay between colonial legacies, nationalism, authoritarian governance, economic liberalisation, and globalisation in shaping Nigeria's labour landscape. Analysing the various eras—Colonial, Post-Independence, Military Interregnum, Structural Adjustment, Return to Democracy, and Contemporary Global Influences—the study underscores the dynamic interactions among government policies, employer strategies, labour union activities, and international forces. It delves into the challenges of political interference, corruption, legal inadequacies, global labour standards, and economic transformations. The study emphasises the importance of resilience, adaptability, and collaborative dialogue in navigating the complexities of industrial relations towards ensuring labour equity and economic progress in Nigeria's continuously evolving socio-economic.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Ihua-Jonathan Nwovuhoma (Ph.D.).
Page No : 43-56
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Institutional and Societal Challenges in the Utilization of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for Transformation of Senior Secondary Education in Rivers State.
Abstract
The study examined Institutional and Societal Challenges in the Utilization of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for transformation of Senior Secondary Education in Rivers State. Three research questions and hypotheses guided the study. Descriptive survey design was adopted with a population of 6859 teachers and principals in public senior secondary schools in Rivers State. The sample of the study was 823 which represents 12% of the entire population. A 4-point Likert scale self-structured questionnaire titled Societal and Institutional Challenges to the Utilization of Information and Technology for Secondary Education Questionnaire (SICUICTQ) was used for the study. The instrument which was made up of 30 items had its face and the content validity determined by three experts from the Department of measurement and evaluations while the reliability of the instrument was estimated to be 0.89 using Cronbach alpha coefficient. The data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation to answer all research questions while the z test was used to test the hypothesis at 0.05 level significance. A criterion mean of 2.50 was used as the cut-off mean. Any mean greater than 2.50 was regarded as high extent while mean less than 2.50 was low extent. Findings of the study revealed that the availability of ICT facilities in secondary schools was to a low extent, ICT utilization was to a low extent due to lack of training, funding and that funding challenges affect the utilization of ICT for secondary Education Transformation in Rivers State to a high extent. The study recommended amongst others that for the transformation of the secondary educational system, the government and stakeholders of secondary education should provide ICT facilities in schools as well as look into the challenges of utilizing ICT for enhanced utilization of ICT for secondary education transformation.
| 6 |
Author(s):
Edinyang S. D. , Ele B. G. , Odey J. D..
Page No : 57-74
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A Comprehensive Analysis of Socialisation in the Knowledge Society
Abstract
This paper addresses socialisation in the knowledge society, focusing on the usefulness of socialisation for the knowledge society. In the educational knowledge society, the processes of socialisation are increasingly understood as the accumulation of social and cultural capital, related to the functions of educational development. The aim of the research is to critically perform a comprehensive analysis of socialisation in the knowledge society by carefully examining socialisation, knowledge, knowledge society, knowledge economy, education and social studies. The features, types and stages of socialisation, the concept of knowledge and its types, the consequences of knowledge society, knowledge society as academic concept and stage of development as well as the analysis of socialisation for the knowledge society were thoroughly discussed in this study. The conceptualization of the knowledge society, which emerged between 1940 and 1960, is examined in this paper along with its significance. The knowledge of society's cognitive role structure and the spiritual qualities that influence creativity are discussed as essential components of socialisation. Under the broad technological field, and circumstances of modern knowledge culture, the potential of early socialisation is described by the dynamics of the professional maturation period. In order to understand the substance of modern education in accordance with its cultural mission, the study develops the theoretical groundwork and offers practical justification for socialisation as a concept, which is vital to the growth of the knowledge society. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that the governments, political and economic elites, as well as businesses, civil society, news media, and academic communities should embrace the usefulness of socialisation in the knowledge society.
| 7 |
Author(s):
Odey Clarence Odey, Ejoh Abigail Ojong, Okeke Stella Uchechukwu.
Page No : 75-86
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Assessment of the Use of Emerging Educational Technologies in The Teaching and Learning of Social Studies in Secondary Schools in Ogoja Education Zone of Cross River State, Nigeria.
Abstract
This paper examined the level of usage of emerging technologies in the teaching and learning of Social Studies in secondary schools in Ogoja Education Zone of Cross River State, Nigeria. The paper maintained that teaching and learning are crucial in any educational endeavour, and Social Studies is an indispensable component of the school curriculum that requires the best, modern technological approach in its pedagogical process. The study was anchored on Bruner’s theory of instruction and survey research design. The population comprised all Social Studies teachers in public secondary schools in Ogoja Education Zone of Cross River State. This amounted to 234 teachers and 1855 students in five local government education authorities (LGEA). Using stratified and simple random sampling technique, three LGEAs were selected from which 72 teachers and 282 students were chosen for the study. A structured and validated questionnaire was the major instrument for data collection. Data was analysed using simple percentages, mean and standard deviation. Result showed that only very few teachers and students were aware emerging technologies and the utilisation in the study area. The major challenge in the use of emerging technologies is unavailability and inaccessibility of resources to procure and operate the technologies. It was recommended that faculties and colleges of education should provide adequate teacher-education training to enhance teachers’ capacity to use emerging technologies in schools.
| 8 |
Author(s):
Macmillan Mafulul Josiah (Ph.D.), Ibukun Deborah Badewa, Vivian Ponmak Zingdul, Sumayyah Hamza Muhammad.
Page No : 87-96
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Two-Method Indoor Laboratory Instruction: How Effective Is It on Secondary School Students’ Performance in Physics?
Abstract
This study probed the effectiveness of two-method indoor laboratory instruction on secondary school students’ performance in physics in Jos Metropolis, Nigeria. The quasi-experimental research design of the non-equivalent control group pre-test, post-test type was employed. The population for the study comprised 1,112 senior secondary two students offering physics in 18 schools in Jos metropolis, with the schools purposively obtained. The study sample consisted of 80 SSS II students obtained from two intact classes, one class each from two schools selected using simple random sampling technique. Two research questions were raised and two hypotheses were formulated. Physics Performance Test (PPT) was the instrument validated and used to gather data. The test-retest method was used to obtain the reliability of PPT and its coefficient was computed as 0.73 using Kuder-Richardson formula 21 (K-R 21). Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while independent t-test of difference and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) were the statistical tools used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 levels of significance. The results revealed that students taught concepts of simple harmonic motion and elasticity using group indoor laboratory method performed better than their counterparts taught using individual indoor laboratory method; although male students performed slightly higher than their female counterparts after exposure to the two methods, gender was found to have no interaction effect on their performance; there was a significant interaction effect of treatments and gender on students’ performance in the study area, with the methods as source of interaction effect. Based on the findings, recommendations were made, which include that curriculum developers should ensure that laboratory teaching methods are included in physics curriculum in order to enhance students’ performance in the subject.
| 9 |
Author(s):
Joy Adanma Mekuri-Ndimele (Ph.D.), Philip Festus Ukata (Ph.D.).
Page No : 97-109
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Effect of Fuel Subsidy Removal on the Job Performance of Lecturers in Tertiary Institutions in Rivers State.
Abstract
The already-existing hardship experienced due to poor salary and hyperinflation caused by fuel subsidy removal motivated this study, “Effect of fuel subsidy removal on the job performance of lecturers in tertiary institutions in Rivers state.” Two specific objectives, research questions and three null hypotheses guided the study. Descriptive survey research design was adopted. From the population of 78 lecturers, census survey sampling was adopted. A four-point response options questionnaire was used for data collection, and it was validated by three experts. The reliability of the instrument was established using Cronbach’s alpha, which yielded alpha coefficient of 0.81 and 0.82. Mean was used to answer the two research questions, while one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-test were used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Findings, revealed that the extent of negative effect of fuel subsidy removal on research and publications, class attendance, invigilation and supervisory functions of lecturers was on a high level. It was concluded that government did not do enough to mitigate the sufferings of lecturers before, during and after fuel subsidy removal via reviewing of salary upwards with the economic practicality. Among other things, it was recommended that the federal and state governments should review lecturers’ salary upward in accordance with the inflation and hyperinflation rates in Nigeria to enable lecturers meet their family, research, publications and other duties. Parts of the funds from the fuel subsidy removal should be used for that purpose.
Keywords: Fuel subsidy removal, effect of fuel subsidy removal, job performance, lecturers, tertiary institutions
| 10 |
Author(s):
Ihua-Jonathan Nwovuhoma (Ph.D.), Odike S. B. Sullivan (Ph.D.).
Page No : 110-126
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School Plant Management for Effective Teaching Delivery in Senior Secondary Schools in Rivers State
Abstract
The study examined school plant management for effective teaching delivery in senior secondary schools in Rivers State. The study design was descriptive survey design while the population of the study comprised of 6,657 teacher and 302 principals in public senior secondary schools in River state. The sample consists of 823 respondents (principals and teacher) of government senior secondary schools which representing 12% of the entire population. Three research questions and three corresponding null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. A self -structured questionnaire titled “School Plant management for effective teaching delivery questionnaire” with 22 items was used. The instrument was duly validated by two experts from measurement and evaluation and a reliability index of 0.84 was established. The findings of the study revealed typed of school plants in secondary schools, the respondents agreed that inadequate funding, lack of training, overcrowded class room e.t.c., are challenges of utilization school plant. Furthermore, the study revealed that the respondents agreed that all the items listed were the strategies for managing school plants. The study recommended amongst others that government and other stake holders of education should provide adequate school plants for efficiency and effectiveness in the system, stake holders of education should address the various challenges of utilizing school plants and that heads of schools, school personnel and students should be trained and be re-trained on the various strategies of managing school plants.
| 11 |
Author(s):
Chidinma Dokubo (Ph.D.), Maria Tona.
Page No : 127-140
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Effect of Selected Methodological Approaches on Facilitation of Learning in Adult Education Programmes in Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
Abstract
The study examined the effect of methodological approaches on facilitation of learning in adult education programmes in Bayelsa State. Group class, seminar and workshop methodological approaches were chosen for the study. The study was guided by three objectives from which three research questions were posed and three hypotheses were tested. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population of the study was 89 respondents, consisting of 62 Adult learners and 27 facilitators in the 4 Adult learning centres in Ekeremo Local Government Areas of Bayelsa State. The sample size of the study was 89 respondents comprising 62 Adult learners and 27 facilitators in 4 Adult learning centres in in Ekeremo Local Government Area. The entire population was studied as a census without sampling since the population was small and manageable. The instrument for data collection was a self-structured questionnaire titled “Effect of methodological Approaches on the facilitation of learning in Adult Education Programmes Questionnaire (EMAFLIAEPQ). The instrument was validated by 4 experts in the field of Adult Education. The reliability of the instrument was established using Cronbach Alpha method. The research questions were answered using mean and standard deviation while the hypotheses were tested using z-test statistics at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that group class, seminar and workshop approaches affect the facilitation of learning in adult education programmes in Bayelsa State to a high extent. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended amongst others that facilitators of adult education programmes should adopt group class approach in teaching as this promotes collaboration and active participation of learners in the learning process.
| 12 |
Author(s):
Ibienebo Edith Pepple, Imeh Elizabeth Golden (Ph.D.).
Page No : 141-152
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Eradicating Functional Illiteracy in Older Adults Through the E-Learning Approach: A Case Study of Bonny Local Government Area.
Abstract
This study presents e-learning as a tool to eradicate functional illiteracy in older adults in Bonny Local Government Area of Rivers State. The study adopted descriptive survey research design; the population of the study comprised of adults in Bonny LGA., Rivers State. A total of two hundred (200) respondents were selected for this study using simple random sampling technique. This technique was adopted in order to give room for any respondents based in that locality equal chance of being selected for the study. The primary data was used as a source of data collection; the respondents were rated using a 4 point Likert scale. The reliability of the instrument was obtained using a test retest procedure and Cronbach’s Alpha instrument. Simple percentage tool was employed in both table and chart format to describe the characteristics of the respondents. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the copies of the questionnaire. The analysis revealed that that lack of resources and little knowledge of computerized devices are challenges associated with implementing e-learning initiatives for older adults. This study concludes that e-learning is a panacea for eradicating functional illiteracy among older adults in Bony LGA., Rivers State. The study recommends that government should provide more resources that will aid e-learning for improvement and addressing literacy challenges among older adults.in Bony LGA and they should make e-learning programs to be extremely effective by providing resource materials for trainers and trainees.
| 13 |
Author(s):
Ibrahim Sahr Momoh.
Page No : 153-168
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What Types of Continuing Professional Development Training Courses Do Healthcare Assistants Employed in Community Care Settings Think Should Be Conducted Face-To-Face or Online?
Abstract
Aim: This study was undertaken to explore what types of continuing professional development (CPD) clinical training courses Healthcare Assistants think should be conducted by face-to-face or online methods.
Methodology: A purpose-built piloted questionnaire was utilised to collect data. A total of 71 completed questionnaires were included in the data analysis. The participants were all consenting adults aged between 20 - 61 years.
Results: The face-to-face learning method was thought of as the preferred method by 45/71 (63%) of the participants while 9/71 (14%) of the participants thought of online learning as their preferred method. Interestingly, 17/71 (23%) thought of blended learning as their preferred method. Among 20 popular CPD courses, participants preferred 16/20 (80%) for the face-to-face training method and 3/20 (15%) of the courses for online training methods. There was an equal preference for 1/20 (5%) course.
Conclusion: The face-to-face training/learning method remains the dominant preference for HCAs, but online training/learning is gaining popularity, especially among younger computer-literate learners. A blend of the two methods may satisfy proponents of traditional teacher-centric training/learning styles on one hand and those supporting digitally aided student-centric training/learning on the other.
| 14 |
Author(s):
Suvendu Ray, Deb Prasad Sikdar (Ph.D.).
Page No : 169-179
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AI-Driven Flipped Classroom: Revolutionizing Education Through Digital Pedagogy.
Abstract
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into the flipped classroom model is the subject of this research paper. With the flipped classroom approach, traditional teaching methods are reversed, with instructional content being delivered outside of class and class time being devoted to discussions, activities, and problem-solving. Teachers want to give students a personalized learning experience, and they do this by implementing AI technologies like intelligent tutoring systems, virtual tutors, and adaptive learning platforms. This study uses existing research and empirical studies to analyse the effects, advantages, difficulties, and efficacy of using AI in flipped classrooms. The study explores the use of AI in flipped classrooms, highlighting its potential benefits like improved learning outcomes and scalability. However, it also addresses challenges like technology infrastructure, teacher preparation, privacy, and equity, as well as potential drawbacks.
| 15 |
Author(s):
Peter Yidana (Ph.D.), Linda W. Chibeletu.
Page No : 180-191
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The Influence of Gender and Intellectual Ability on Students Perception of Econmics Teachers Effectiveness in Higher Education.
Abstract
Researchers have argued that student’s rating of teachers’ effectiveness is not a valid measure because it is influenced by a host of factors. The purpose of the study was to determine whether students’ gender and intellectual ability significantly influenced their perceptions of teachers’ effectiveness in a university setting. The Cross-sectional survey research design was employed through the use of students’ rating of teacher effectiveness questionnaire to collect the data. A total of 485 students, sampled from four Public Universities in Ghana participated in the study. The data were processed using SPSS software, version 20 and analysed using independent sample t-test. The results suggest that gender and intellectual ability did not influence students’ perception of Economics teachers’ effectiveness. The results have implications for authorities of Higher Education Institutions including School Administrators, teachers, and policymakers, as they assure and further guide efforts to improve upon students rating of teacher effectiveness. The study recommends that future research should consider the influence of the classroom physical environment on students’ perception of teachers’ effectiveness.
| 16 |
Author(s):
Emmanuel Obed Acquah, Veronica Agyeiwaah, Samuel Agbenyo.
Page No : 192-201
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Fostering Cognitive and Social Development through Music Instruction in Winneba Kindergarten Schools.
Abstract
Numerous scholarly inquiries have underscored the influential role of music in the educational and developmental journey of young children. Musical engagements have demonstrated a capacity to foster intellectual, social, and multifaceted personal growth, including the cultivation of foundational reading skills such as heightened aural discrimination of sounds and letters. This study presents an exploration of the impact of musical activities on the developmental trajectory of kindergarten children in Winneba community, with a particular focus on their intellectual and social growth. Grounded in the qualitative paradigm, the research employed a case study design, utilising interview, observation and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) for data collection from a purposive sample which comprised four (4) teachers and twenty (20) kindergarten children. The findings revealed that while the primary intention behind organizing musical activities in the kindergarten classroom was to infuse joy and energy, these endeavours unwittingly yielded significant positive impacts on intellectual, social, and personal developmental domains. It is anticipated that educators will adopt a more purposeful approach to music pedagogy, expanding beyond traditional singing and dancing activities to incorporate instrument playing and active listening practices.
| 17 |
Author(s):
Ebere Sampson Wagbara PhD, Nbame Letam Nna-Kue PhD .
Page No : 202-213
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Relevance of Classical Test Theory in the Assessment of Learning in Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria.
Abstract
Over the years, measurement experts have been captivated by the description of students, which has resulted in the development of test theories such as Item Response Theory and Classical Test Theory. The traditional method of item analysis, known as "Classical Test Theory", asserts that an individual's observed score on an exam is equal to their true score and an error score, with all items in the test contributing equally to student performance. Assessment, in this context, refers to any method used to gauge a learner's current knowledge. The significance of Classical Test Theory in teaching, learning, and evaluating learning outcomes has spurred academic inquiry. This paper explored the application of Classical Test Theory in tertiary institution assessment, emphasizing its relevance in evaluating learning outcomes. Some notable points included the simplicity of mathematical procedures in classical test analysis and the straightforwardness of model parameter estimation. Additionally, this paper advocated for the utilization of statistical sophistication inherent in Classical Test Theory to interpret undergraduates' performance effectively. Lecturers were encouraged to familiarize themselves with its application to provide meaningful insights into students' performance.
