| 1 |
Author(s):
John O. Iwarue, Ukeme J. Asanga.
Page No : 1-19
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Online Sales Channels and its Impact on Business Performance.
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The online sales channel, encompassing various platforms such as e-commerce websites, online marketplaces, and social media, has redefined traditional commerce by providing businesses with diverse mediums to engage with consumers in the virtual sphere. These platforms function as channels for businesses, enabling them not just to display their products or services but also to facilitate smooth transactions by leveraging the pervasive connectivity of the internet. This study aims to assess the impact of online sales channels, specifically focusing on their influence on customer engagement and revenue generation. In order to collect data, a survey questionnaire was sent to seventy-five (75) entrepreneurs. However, only fifty-four (54) questionnaires were completed and used. Data were also collected from secondary sources. The findings from the study revealed that majority of entrepreneurs recognize the indispensability of online sales channels for the success of their business. Notably, businesses that strategically adopt and diversify these channels experience increased revenue and gain a competitive edge. Businesses are advised to prioritize and enhance their online presence based on the study's findings. Embracing comprehensive digital strategies, including websites and social media, is essential for success in today's dynamic business environment.
Keywords: Online, Sales channels, Business Performance, E-commerce, Entrepreneurs
| 2 |
Author(s):
Onwubiko N. Dike, Uchenna Okafor, Sylvanus I. Nwodo.
Page No : 20-38
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Promotional Strategies and Market Acceptability of Champ Malt Beverages in Owerri Municipality.
Abstract
Market acceptability refers to the degree of consumers’ willingness to adopt, purchase, use, and continue using a product or service in a given market over time. The study adopted a survey method to determine the influence of promotional strategies on market acceptability of champ malt beverage in Owerri municipality. The young adults and middle-aged persons between 18 and 50 years constituted the study population of 301,000, according to National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). The convenience sampling technique was deployed and a sample size of 400 determined using Taro Yamane formula. The research instrument (questionnaire), designed in a four-point Likert Scale format was used to elicit responses from the respondents in Owerri municipality. Two hypotheses and two research questions guided the study. The primary and secondary data sources were accessed. The questionnaire was subjected to face-to-face validity by presenting it to the marketing experts to ensure its alignment with the study objectives. In-depth interviews, including focus group discussions were conducted and the reliability coefficient of the instrument, 0.92 was determined using Cronbach’s Alpha technique. With the Pearson Correlation and multiple linear regression analytical techniques, hypotheses one and two were tested respectively at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that promotional strategies had strong positive relationships with market acceptability of champ malt beverage in Owerri municipality, and exerted significant positive influence on consumer purchase decisions. The study provided insights into the impressive sales turnover of champ malt in the rural areas instead of Owerri municipality.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Ibekwe Emmanuel Chidi.
Page No : 39-48
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The Impact of Mandatory Arbitration Clauses on the Ability of Low-Wage Workers and Other Vulnerable Populations to Achieve Justice in Employment Disputes.
Abstract
Mandatory arbitration clauses in employment contracts significantly hinder the ability of low-wage workers and other vulnerable populations to seek justice in employment disputes. This study examines the systemic challenges these clauses pose, focusing on their disproportionate impact on marginalized groups, including women, minorities, and immigrants. Using a qualitative approach, the paper analyzes legislative developments, judicial precedents, and arbitration practices to uncover the inequities embedded in the current framework. Findings reveal that mandatory arbitration limits access to courts, reduces transparency, and enforces power imbalances favoring employers. Vulnerable employees often face insurmountable barriers, such as financial constraints, lack of legal knowledge, and limited procedural rights, further exacerbating workplace injustices. Key reforms, such as the proposed Forced Arbitration Injustice Repeal (FAIR) Act, aim to address these issues but face political resistance. The study concludes that legislative action, enhanced employee protections, and increased public awareness are critical for reforming arbitration practices and ensuring equitable dispute resolution. Future research should investigate cross-national arbitration practices and the long-term effects on workers’ rights and workplace equity.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Bassey Rebecca Godwin, Brownson Christabel Divine, Efi Anietie.
Page No : 49-66
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) Power and Entrepreneurial Success.
Abstract
This study examined the effect of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on entrepreneurial success of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), Eket, Akwa Ibom State. However, the specific objectives were to examine the effect of AI rarity and AI utilization efficiency on entrepreneurial success of SMEs, Eket, Akwa Ibom State. This study adopted a survey research design and utilized primary data collected from pre-selected population which included SMEs that had already integrated or in the process of integrating AI technologies in their business operations, in Eket, Akwa Ibom State. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance and multiple regression analysis via SPSS 25.0 statistical package. The study findings revealed that AI rarity has a significant positive effect (r= 0.063{p=0.008<0.05}) on entrepreneurial success of SMEs in Eket, Akwa Ibom State while AI utilization efficiency has a significant positive effect (r= 0.442{p=0.001<0.05 on entrepreneurial success of SMEs in Eket, Akwa Ibom State. It was thus concluded that AI power exerts a significant effect on entrepreneurial success of SMEs in Eket, Akwa Ibom State at 5% level of significance. The study recommended, amongst others, that the SMEs in Eket should ensure that they take the time to do the research and educate themselves on how to properly use AI technologies to provide services or create value in ways that make them stand out from the competition.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Okokon B. Attih .
Page No : 67-81
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Marketing Mix and Consumer Purchase Decision of Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.
Abstract
This study was conducted to examine the effect of marketing mix on consumer purchase decision of fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The survey research design was used in this study. Data for the study were obtained through a structured questionnaire administered to the respondents. The population of the study were the consumers of fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) in Akwa Ibom State. The sample size of 308 respondents were selected using convenience sampling technique. Four hypotheses were formulated and tested using Spearman Correlation at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that there is a positive and significant relationship between marketing mix-product, price, place, promotion and consumer purchase decision of fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) in Akwa Ibom State, with the correlation coefficient (r= 0.479), (r=0.573), (r = .0.720) and (r = 0.623) respectively at the significant value of 0.000 (p>0.05). Therefore, it is concluded that marketing mix plays an important role in influencing consumers purchase decisions of fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG).
| 6 |
Author(s):
Shadrack Cheruiyot Rotich, Joyce Komen, Josephat Cheboi.
Page No : 82-94
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Influence of Electronic Customer Relationship Management Strategy on Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Kenya.
Abstract
Despite the high cost of electronic customer relationship software solutions, its use can be justified as an investment in building long-term client relationships, improving customer retention, and, ultimately, boosting long-term profitability. As a result, it is critical for small and medium-sized firms (SMEs) in Kenya to take a forward-thinking attitude and maintain their market survival by adapting to developing trends in customer relationship management. This is because modern business setting has become exceedingly dynamic, necessitating small and medium enterprises to formulate strategies that align with the rapid evolution of technology, shifting customer demands, and intensified global competition to improve their performance. The findings indicate SMEs in Kenya are increasingly implementing relatively uncomplicated information and communication technologies to enhance their capabilities in customer communication and information management. This strategic move is aimed at gaining a competitive edge by leveraging electronic customer relationship management practices. Small and medium-sized enterprises perceive the communication component of electronic customer relationship management as more manageable, yet encounter challenges in effectively incorporating client information into their decision-making processes. Overall, it can be observed that electronic customer relationship management implementation in SMEs is often characterized by an ad hoc approach rather than a strategic one. SMEs need to align electronic customer relationship initiatives with the overall strategic goals to enhance their overall performance.
| 7 |
Author(s):
Lawrence Wahua (Ph.D.), Mapfeka Sereki.
Page No : 95-105
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Risk-Return Tradeoff and Sustainability of Insurance Industry: A Quantitative Paradigm.
Abstract
Based on the risk-return tradeoff theory, this quantitative study examined the effect of financial risk on the sustainability of insurance companies in Nigeria. Insurance is a pool of risk. Information was taken from the 2012–2021 annual reports of ten selected companies. Liquidity risk, solvency risk, and leverage risk are the three proxies for financial risk, which is the independent variable. Return on equity serves as a proxy for sustainability, which is the dependent variable. Firm size, tangibility, contingency fund, and industry intrinsic factor are the control variables. The study found that, during the studied period, solvency risk significantly increased the sustainability of the sampled insurance companies, while liquidity and leverage risks significantly decreased their sustainability. While the intrinsic value of the insurance industry has a significant negative impact on sustainability, the size and tangible nature of insurance companies have a significant positive impact. The sustainability of the examined insurance companies is not significantly improved by contingency funds. Given that the three financial risk proxies have a substantial impact on return on equity (a measure of sustainability), the applicability of risk-return tradeoff theory in this study is evident. Operationally, insurance companies should monitor their liquidity and leverage risks as because they reduce sustainability. The study recommends (among others) that Insurance firms should continue to optimally increase their size and tangibility in order to increase their sustainability.
| 8 |
Author(s):
Molly Awino, Rose Shitsinzi.
Page No : 106-117
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Non-Placement of the On-Job Trained Employees on their Performance in Public Universities in Kenya.
Abstract
Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology (MMUST) is one institution that sponsors its administrative staff in various trainings such as on-job training. These trainings aim to ensure that employees remain relevant in their jobs. As a result, employees leave to look for greener pastures thus high turnover rates. This paper, therefore, attempts to investigate the effects of non-placement of the on-job-trained employees on their performance. The study was anchored on the Theory of Performance utilizing the case study approach with a total sample size of 149 respondents. A structured questionnaire and an interview schedule were used for data collection. Quantitative data was analysed descriptively while qualitative data was analysed thematically. From the findings, it was inferred that most respondents agreed that non-placement could affect job performance. The study concludes that employees perform optimally when they are well-placed. The study recommends that institutions should ensure that they hire qualified and competent administrative staff and also endorse policies on the appropriate placement of employees.
| 9 |
Author(s):
John Okhumode Iwarue.
Page No : 118-137
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Impact of Preventive Maintenance Practices on Productivity.
Abstract
This comprehensive study delves into the intricate relationship between preventive maintenance practices and organizational productivity, placing a spotlight on the substantial positive outcomes emerging from this symbiotic interaction. The primary focal points include notable reductions in repair costs, heightened machinery reliability, minimized downtimes, and an overarching improvement in overall productivity. A critical dimension of this interrelation underscores the paramount significance of cost reduction achieved through the diligent application of preventive maintenance strategies. To garner insights, data collection was primarily executed through a survey questionnaire and interviews. The questionnaire was disseminated to sixty (60) managers and business owners specializing in production and design within Lagos State, Nigeria. The study received responses from forty-six (46) completed questionnaires. Additionally, data were meticulously gathered from secondary sources. The nuanced analysis of the compiled data reveals a conspicuous commitment of business owners to preventive maintenance practices, establishing a positive correlation with minimized downtime, heightened equipment reliability, and diminished repair costs. The study concludes with a strong recommendation for businesses to institute robust preventive maintenance programs, provide consistent employee training, and allocate sufficient resources to fortify their maintenance initiatives.
| 10 |
Author(s):
Obianamma C. Mbonu.
Page No : 138-155
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Blue Ocean Strategy and the Performance of Telecommunication Companies in Enugu Nigeria.
Abstract
The competitive environment in the telecommunications industry in Nigeria has radically shifted with the doubling of major industry players from two to four and subsequent surplus in production capacities. The dramatic changes occurring within the telecommunications industry are causing a number of established industry players to struggle with sustaining the previously high levels of profitability, with core strategies being to either differentiate or become low-cost players. This study examined the relationship between blue ocean strategy and the performance of selected telecommunication companies in Enugu Nigeria. Population of the study making up a total of three thousand eight hundred and five (3,805) constitutes the staff and management of MTN, Globalcom, and Airtel in Enugu metropolis in the month of December, 2024. Data for the study were collected through the distribution of well-structured questionnaire. The Cochran Sample determiner was used as the sample size derivation statistic and it yielded three hundred and fifty (350). The study utilized both qualitative and quantitative approaches to data analysis. This is through the descriptive and inferential statistical tools of analysis. The descriptive that was used in the interpretation and analyses of data through the frequency tables and simple percentages. The major findings of the research are that reduction strategy has a positive and significant effect on the performance of telecommunication companies in Enugu state, elimination strategy has a positive and significant effect on the performance of telecommunication companies in Enugu state, creative strategy has a positive and significant effect on the performance of telecommunication companies in Enugu state and innovation strategy has a positive and significant effect on the performance of telecommunication companies in Enugu state. It is therefore the recommendation of this study that companies should keep abreast of technological innovations and industry trends to anticipate future demands and identify new opportunities for differentiation.
| 11 |
Author(s):
Sunday Alewo Omale, Abu Ardo Mohammed, Mohammed Bello Shettima.
Page No : 156-166
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Workplace Diversity: Is it Jinx? A Theoretical Analysis of the Impact of Inclusivity on Organizational Performance.
Abstract
Purpose: This study aims to investigate workplace diversity. Is this Jinx? Theoretical investigation of the impact of inclusivity on organizational performance. Diversity refers to a wide range of opinions. By contrast, inclusion occurs when all members of a varied community feel a sense of belonging and cultural identity. Empowering each individual and recognizing their unique characteristics are critical for having an inclusive workplace.
Design/methodology/approach: A comprehensive investigation using a historical approach spanning 2013-2024 was done to generate reliable information concerning the existence or lack of a relationship between the research variables. This research was discovered after reviewing over 150 academic papers from many databases. Of these, 38 were deemed appropriate for our review.
Findings: The study found that inclusion and workforce diversity have a significant impact on how well a business operates. A lack of diversity and inclusion can make a firm slow and ineffective. This study proposes that organizations should provide opportunities for social networking through social support and good communication to offset the factors contributing to diversity prejudice.
Originality/value: This review of learning styles was conducted between 2013 and 2024. These inquiries gave rise to the job of persevering and determining whether workforce diversity was a jinx. To the best of the writer's knowledge, no research has looked at the impact of inclusion on organizational performance or whether workplace diversity is the "Jinx."
| 12 |
Author(s):
Nwidua Lebia Patricia (Ph.D.).
Page No : 167-184
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Electronic Payment System and Customer Patronage of Shopping Malls in South -South Nigeria.
Abstract
This study was established to determine the extent to which electronic payment system has improved customers’ patronage of shopping malls in South-South zone of Nigeria. A descriptive survey research method of co-relational research design was employed in this study. The population of the study consisting of 77 registered shopping malls in the South-South Zone of Nigeria from which target population 6890 managers and sale persons were drawn. The Taro Yamane’s formula was used to determine a sample size of 378 managers and sales personnel for the study. A purposive sampling technique was adopted using considerable percentage of representation approach to ensure effective selection of the sample elements of the population. A structured instrument for data collection containing fifteen (15) items questions was used for the study. The face and content validation of the instrument was obtained through the judgment of experts. A test-retest method was used to determine the reliability of the instrument and a reliability index of .83 was obtained. The data collected were presented and analyzed using simple percentage and frequency analysis, mean and standard deviation, while the formulated hypotheses were tested using Pearson Product Moment Correlation of SPSS software program version 23.0 at .05 level of significance. The findings indicated that card payment system, electronic funds transfer and e-wallet payment system has a significant relationship with improvement in customer patronage of shopping malls in the zone. Based on these findings, it was concluded that electronic payment system has significantly improves customer patronage, of shopping malls in the South-South zone of Nigeria. Thus, it was recommended that shopping mall operators in the South-South zone who are yet to introduce sustainable electronic payment system should do so immediately to promote customers patronage and improve increase in repeat purchase.
| 13 |
Author(s):
Edet Okon, Charles Effiong, Morgan Morgan.
Page No : 185-202
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Work-life Balance Strategies and Employee Performance in Nigeria’s Post-COVID-19 Era.
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of strategies such as flexible working hours, remote working, technology upgrades and innovativeness, and training on work-life balance (WLB) on employee performance.
Research methodology: This research employed a quantitative methodology. The survey instrument (questionnaire) was used to assess 310 employees across twenty service sector organisations in South-South and South‒West Nigeria. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to measure instrument construct validity, whereas structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to estimate the relationship between WLB strategies and employee performance.
Findings: The study results revealed that flexible working hours, remote working, technology upgrades, innovativeness, and training on WLB have a significant positive effect on employee WLB and performance.
Practical implications: Based on this study, firm managers should employ diverse WLB strategies to increase employee WLB and performance and address post-COVID-19 economic challenges. Organisations should prioritise technology upgrades, innovation, and WLB training when implementing flexible working hours to increase productivity.
