| 1 |
Author(s):
Appah Ebimobowei (Ph.D, FCA).
Page No : 1-38
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Corporate Governance Attributes and Tax Planning of Listed Pharmaceutical Companies in Nigeria
Abstract
Corporate governance is a means in which businesses are fairly, efficiently, effectively and transparently managed in order to achieve corporate goals through better practices and structures. This study investigates the effects of corporate governance characteristics on tax planning of listed pharmaceutical firms in Nigeria from 2015 to 2020. The study used ex post facto correlational research design and a population of eleven (11) pharmaceutical firms made up the population of the study. The data was collected from the published financial statements of the sampled firms as at 31 December, 2020. The secondary data from the annual reports were analysed using univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis. The multiple regression results disclosed that board size and board financial expertise positively and insignificantly impact tax savings; board compensation and board meetings negatively and insignificantly affects tax savings while gender diversity negatively and insignificantly influences tax savings. Board financial expertise positively and significantly influences book-tax difference while board size, gender diversity, board compensation and board meetings negatively and insignificantly impact book tax difference. The study concluded that corporate governance characteristics influences tax planning of listed firms in Nigeria and hence recommended amongst others that shareholders must preserve a structure to guarantee that the board is given financial incentives for effective tax planning that will assist to solve the agency problem where management exploits shareholders through tax planning practices.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Komene Goodnews Loanyie (Ph.D), Remi Chinedum Opurum (Ph.D).
Page No : 39-78
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Oil Pollution Crisis and Relationship Marketing Approach of Oil Firms in Niger Delta
Abstract
This study was designed to examine the extent to which relationship marketing approach of the oil firms: Shell BP, Agip Oil Company, and Elf Oil Firm have reduced the trend of oil pollution crisis in Niger Delta. A descriptive survey research design was employed in this study. The study population was 37,965,391 residents drawn from the projected population of Niger Delta states; based on which a sample size of 400 respondents was determined using Taro Yamane’s sample size determination techniques at 0.5 percent level of significance. The purposive sampling procedure was employed to enable the researcher to select the representative sample elements of the population interest from the right respondents who have adequate knowledge of the study under investigation from the different strata of the study population. A structured instrument for data collection containing twenty (20) item questions was used for the study. The face and content validation of the instrument was obtained through the judgment of experts. A test-retest method was employed to determine the reliability of the instrument and the reliability index of .85 was obtained with the use of Spearman’s Rank correlation co-efficient. The data collected for the study were analyzed using the mean score test and the percentage test method to answered the research questions; while the inferential statistics of Pearson Moment Correlation test was used to test the null hypothesis at .05 level of significance. Results obtained revealed that “There is no significant relationship between the use of adaptive, responsive, interactive and reactive relationship marketing approach and the reduction in oil pollution crisis in Niger Delta”. The implication of this finding is that the oil firms’ by its relationship marketing approach was considered to lack merit of proactive improvement value to reduce the trend of oil pollution crisis, which if, not corrected with an ethical relationship based marketing consideration in a responsible manner; oil firms might experience sudden unpredicted operational interruption by the oil-bearing communities. It was recommended that oil firms should consider using more pragmatic sustainable ethical based relationship marketing approach in a responsible manner to reduce the trend of oil pollution crisis in oil-bearing communities in Niger Delta.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Chinomso Chioms Okorocha.
Page No : 79-92
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Treasury Single Account (TSA) and Performance of Public Sector in Enugu State, Nigeria
Abstract
The importance of the introduction of treasury single account cannot be overemphasized given that it is principally to ensure accountability of government revenue, enhance transparency and avoid expropriation of public funds. This study examined the effect of treasury single account on the performance of selected Federal Ministries in Enugu State. The study adopted survey research design. The method ensured that the researcher collects his data at a particular period from the selected sample to describe a large population at that particular point in time. The study area of this research is selected federal ministries namely Ministry of Agriculture and Ministry of Education all located in Enugu state. The population of the study constitutes of the staff of two selected federal ministries in Enugu state namely; Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Federal Ministry of Education. The population of the two selected ministries is totaled two hundred and eighty-seven (287) staff. The sample size was derived using the Cochran statistic and the value derived was three hundred and eighty-five (385). To determine the number of staff to be selected from each ministry, the proportionate stratified random sampling approach was used. The data was collected with the aid of a questionnaire that is properly drafted using the 5 scale Likert system for questionnaire. The Cronbach Alpha reliability test was utilized to conduct the reliability test. A cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.78 was derived and was considered acceptable. Frequency tables and percentages was adopted to analyse the demographic characteristics of the respondents and leading research questions while the regression analysis was adopted to test the hypotheses of the study. The major findings of the study were that treasury single account has not significantly ameliorated fund misappropriation in selected federal ministries in Enugu State and treasury single account has not significantly enhanced prompt release of funds for goods and services in selected federal ministries in Enugu State. It is therefore the recommendation of the study that the adoption of TSA alone may not be sufficient to curb corruption in the Nigerian public sector hence the need for the judiciary, police, anti-graft agencies and the media in the country be strengthened to tackle the issues of corruption and ensure transparency, probity and timeliness in handling corruption related cases.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Lukose Tonny, Kosgei David.
Page No : 93-110
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Product Innovation Mediating Effect on the Relationship Between Social Media Marketing and Performance of Star Rated Hotels in Kenya
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediation effect of product innovation on the relationship between social media marketing and performance of Star Rated Hotels in Kenya. The objectives of the study were; to determine the effect of social media marketing on product innovation and on performance of star rated hotels, to investigate the effect of product innovation on firm performance and finally to determine the mediating role of product innovation on the relationship between social media marketing and firm performance. The study employed the use of social media integration theory, Innovation Diffusion Theory and social exchange theory to test the relationship between the variables. Explanatory research design was employed and the targeted population was 215 star rated hotels listed on the Tourism Regulatory Authority. Census survey was adopted thus all the 215 rated and classified hotels on TRA were studied. The response rate was 92.09 percent due to hotels not returning the questionnaires sent them. Regression analysis was used in testing the hypotheses. Regression results indicated that social media marketing influenced product innovation (β=0.946>0.05,) and firm performance (β=0.3368>0.05) respectively. Product innovation influenced firm performance (β=0.2041>0.05,) and acting as a mediator product innovation showed a significant mediation effect (β=0.193>0.05). It was concluded star rated hotels can use social media marketing for performance improvement and generation and collection of information that they use for product innovation. Furthermore innovativeness of new hotel products is a better way for improving the performance of a hotel. To add on the use of social media as marketing tool has positive significant effect on firm performance in terms of customer satisfaction, market share growth and realized profits. Hotels industry needs to focus social product innovation to enhance their performance, and to obtain customer satisfaction because innovation aids in gaining a competitive advantage.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Ogunode Philips Olatunde (PhD), Adejimi Seun Oyebola.
Page No : 111-122
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Customer Satisfaction and Complaints Management in the Nigerian Telecommunication Industry
Abstract
This study examined “Customer Satisfaction and Complaints Management in the Telecommunication Industry in Nigeria”. Specifically, it aimed at finding out the extent to which customers are satisfied or dissatisfied with the services provided by mobile telecommunication operators and to find out the level of customer satisfaction with the ways telecommunication firms handle their complaints. To achieve the objectives of the study, five telecommunication firms were chosen. The research instrument (questionnaire) was administered on a total of five hundred (500) randomly selected customers of MTN, GLOBACOM, Airtel, 9mobile, and Multi-links. Data obtained were coded and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as the frequency tables, One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the t-test for the difference between two population means. The sampling technique used in the study was the multistage cluster sampling. The findings from the research revealed that the proportion of customers who are satisfied with the services provided by mobile telecommunication firms is the same as those that are dissatisfied. It was thus recommended that telecommunication service providers should take bold steps to improve on their services in order to enhance customer satisfaction as this is key to achieving growth and profitability.
