| 1 |
Author(s):
Ethelmary Dim, Chioma Onyejedum, Angela Nwankwo.
Page No : 1-11
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Entrepreneurial Orientation and Entrepreneurship Intention amongst Undergraduate Students of Universities in Anambra State
Abstract
According to the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, there is a need to introduce entrepreneurship in the early years of universities. This paper discussed two objectives: creativity and innovation. These objectives will contribute to the success of university graduates' intention to embrace entrepreneurship early and become successful in life and be self-employed, thereby reducing the cluster of people looking for white-collar jobs. This study looked at entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurship intention among Anambra undergraduates. The theoretical framework was founded on the Plan Behaviour theory. The population of the study was 1,929, and the sample size was determined using the model of Borh and Gall (1973) to be 371. Data was collected using a questionnaire and analysed using tables and percentages. Multiple regression analysis was used to test the hypothesis further, as well as to determine the relative predictive power of independent variables on dependent variables. The study concluded that a more positive relationship between entrepreneurship and these variables has a greater chance of success. The results show that creativity has a positive relationship with entrepreneurship, and innovation has a positive relationship with entrepreneurship. The study recommended that various universities, particularly those in Anambra State, should make efforts in raising awareness and to encourage undergraduates to take an interest in entrepreneurship. This should be incorporated into their curriculum to help students master what is Entrepreneurial Orientation and Entrepreneurship Intention amongst Undergraduate Students of Universities in Anambra State involved in entrepreneurship early on and embrace it for a better life.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Apollos Obianime, Renner Blessing Awaji-Ima, Enoch Adolphus.
Page No : 12-25
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Cloud Based Marketing and Sales Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Port Harcourt, Rivers State
Abstract
The study examined the relationship between cloud based marketing and sales performance of deposit money banks in Port Harcourt. Drawing from its conceptual frame-work was set out to achieve four (4) objectives and addressed four (4) research questions and four (4) hypotheses. The population of the study comprised of 21 registered deposit money banks in Rivers State gotten through the Central Bank of Nigeria. Given a population of 21 banks which is less than thirty (30), the study adopted a census approach and undertook a study of the entire 21 banks with a focus on the staff (marketing and sales personnel). To generate data for the study, one hundred and five (105) copies of questionnaire were given to the twenty one registered banks in the frame of five (5) copies per bank. The questionnaire was structured in a four (4) point likert scale. The data collected through the questionnaire were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation through the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The result of the analysis has revealed that cloud based marketing in terms of (content marketing and pay per click advertising) relates significantly with sales performance via its measures of sales growth and market share growth. It was concluded that cloud based marketing is a vital tool for improving sales performance of deposit money banks in Port Harcourt. The study recommended that, deposit money banks in Port Harcourt particularly those that are currently experiencing low sales performance as a result of pandemic disruption should adopt content marketing as it would increase their level of sales performance and also they should take advantage of modern technology and practice pay per click advertising as it would help them to build traffic on their web page that will in turn increase sales performance.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Abigail Padi (Ph.D), Alhassan Musah.
Page No : 26-41
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Entrepreneurship as a Potential Solution to High Unemployment: A Systematic Review of Growing Research and Lessons For Ghana
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic coupled with perennial natural disasters, wars, population increase and urbanization have rendered many people jobless and new job seekers with little or no opportunity for employment. In line with these challenges, this paper sought to review extant literature on the successes of entrepreneurship as an approach to solving unemployment across the globe. The study sought to specifically identify whether entrepreneurship alone is sufficient to achieve unemployment reduction or it must be used in tandem with other approaches, and the necessary conditions for entrepreneurship as an unemployment reducer. The Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach was used to search for relevant journal articles from Scopus, Emerald Insight and Google Scholar search engines. The search criteria were limited to unemployment and entrepreneurship nexus globally, a period of 1970 to 2020 and journal articles. Using the SLR technique, a total of 32 articles were identified out of which 19 were relevant to the research topic. The review identified that entrepreneurship alone decreases unemployment conditionally, but when combined with innovation produces a powerful force capable of revolutionizing every economy unconditionally. Another finding indicates that unemployment reduction through entrepreneurship is not instantaneous and thus requires a minimum of five years to be evident. Further findings show that entrepreneurship in the construction, transportation and utilities, financial activities, professional and business services sectors have the most impactful reduction on unemployment. Again, it was identified that provision of funds, credit facilities, training and tax reductions as well as new ideas, knowledge-based economic activities and self-reliant activity programs are key entrepreneurial recipes to halt unemployment. Thus, on the whole, entrepreneurship reduces unemployment but its true strength manifests when it is combined with innovation, and stakeholders are committed to making entrepreneurial conditions readily available. Ghana can then benefit massively by incorporating innovation with its entrepreneurship interventions.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Abdulkarim, Adebisi Musa , Allen Marcy.
Page No : 42-59
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Instructional Approaches, Entrepreneurial Competencies Development and Business Education Students’ Intention to be Self-Employed after Graduating from Degree Awarding Institutions in Rivers State
Abstract
This study investigated instructional approaches, entrepreneurial competencies development and Business Education students’ intention to be self-employed after graduating from degree awarding institutions in Rivers State. Four specific purposes, three research questions and one hypothesis were posed to guide the study. Descriptive survey research design using quantitative approach was adopted for this study. The population and sample of the study was made up of 359 undergraduate final year Business Education students from four degree awarding institutions in Rivers State who offered Entrepreneurship Education during the 2020/2021 academic year. A researcher’s developed structured questionnaire was used for the study. The face validated instrument was subjected to reliability using Cronbach Alpha. The computation gave an average reliability index of 0.76 for the three clusters within the instrument. Only 342 copies of the instrument administered were successfully filled and retrieved from the respondents, this was made up of 95% of the entire number of copies administered. Data collected for the study were analysed using descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation to answer the research questions. Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) was used to test the hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. The results revealed that instructional approaches used for Entrepreneurship Education are conventional approach and experiential approach. The results also revealed that Business Education students agreed to have developed entrepreneurial competencies after being exposed to entrepreneurship education. The results also revealed that to a high extent Business Education students exposed to EE intend to be self-employed after graduation and this was significantly predicted by the instructional approaches used for EE and the entrepreneurial competencies developed by Business Education students. Based on the findings, the following recommendation was among others, that Centre for Entrepreneurship Development in degree awarding institutions in collaboration with Entrepreneurship Educators should provide opportunity for Business Education students to exploit adding value to local products through innovative competition as this will go a long way to stimulate their interest in taking risk and learning through fun.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Terungwa Paul Joseph Jato (Ph.D).
Page No : 60-73
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Entrepreneurship: A Panacea to Youth Unemployment Challenge
Abstract
As the problem of youth unemployment persists, especially among developing economies like Nigeria, the need for a workable solution to this problem is continually being sought. Among possible alternative solutions to the problem is entrepreneurship. This paper, espousing entrepreneurship as a key to tackling youth unemployment, presented supporting views to this line of thought. Using descriptive approach, the paper highlighted the situation of youth unemployment in Nigeria, the challenges of the business environment, reliance on entrepreneurship and the way out.
| 6 |
Author(s):
Nwinyokpugi N. Patrick (Ph.D) , Nnona Faith Okwukwe.
Page No : 74-93
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Building Employees’ Commitment: Leveraging on Boss-Subordinate Relationship Paradigm
Abstract
This study strived to examine the management of boss-subordinate relationship that has its own effects on the commitment of the workforce of the banking sector in Rivers State, Nigeria. Poor management of boss-subordinate relationships breeds a poor work climate as well as contributes to the loss of employees’ commitment to organisational goals. Adopting a cross-sectional survey design, this study covered all the permanent employees of the banking sector and 10 banks were conveniently sampled from the 22 operating banks in the state with a total population of 210 permanent employees. The Krejcie and Morgan sample determination table was used to derive 136 respondents. Data gathered from the respondents were analysed using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient Statistical tools. The test of moderating effect of organisational culture on boss-subordinate relationship management as well as employee commitment in the banking sector. The findings from the results of tests and data analyses revealed strong positive relationships between the dimensions of boss-subordinate relationship management and the measures of employee commitment in the banking sector and therefore recommended that complementary communication, empathy, leadership support and organisational mentorship should be taken seriously as tools for managing the boss-subordinate relationship and also that good organisational culture should be created and promoted to enhance employees commitment in the banking sector in Rivers State.
| 7 |
Author(s):
Muideen Adejare Isiaka, Oluyemi Theophilus Adeosun, Afolashade Taiwo Okewale, ..
Page No : 94-103
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Social Media Usage and Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Nigeria
Abstract
The 21st century have seen the rise in the use of information and communication technology. This technology had overtime facilitated the growth of social media for ease of socializing and networking. Companies like Amazon, Alibaba among others leverage on e-commerce, integrating social media to provide product and services all over the world. In Nigeria, the likes of Jumia, Konga among others leverage on the social media space to market their product and services along with their website and mobile applications enabled by technology. With the huge number of people adopting the use of social media, it is critical to investigate how social media have impacted financial performance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria. With the use of ANOVA, Chi-square, the study analyzes responses from 566 respondents based on cleaned data obtained from Research ICT Africa Survey (RIAS) survey data published in 2019. Theoretically, the study is anchored on the social network theory. Evidence suggested that social media have contributed immensely to the growth of SMEs in Nigeria, helped in customer engagement and retention and also facilitate advertisement of goods and services. Evidence also suggested a significant relationship between social media advertisement and financial performance among SMEs in Nigeria.
| 8 |
Author(s):
Egrinya Francis Ogabo (Ph.D), Prof. Ogbo Anastasia I., Laven Ubandom Joshua (Ph.D), Peter Siman Mani (Ph.D).
Page No : 104-169
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Dynamics of Entrepreneurship Education and Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Development in North Central Nigeria
Abstract
This study sought to determine entrepreneurship education and small and medium enterprises development in North Central, Nigeria. The nonchalant entrepreneurial attitude and intention of youths and individuals in the society has posed a lot of challenges leading to slow development of small and medium enterprises, with the resultant effects of poor economic growth and development. The specific objectives of the study were to: (i) Ascertain the extent to which entrepreneurship vocational training affects products development of small and medium enterprises in North Central, Nigeria; (ii) Determine the extent to which entrepreneurial skill acquisition enhances productivity of small and medium enterprises in North central, Nigeria; (iii) Determine the extent to which entrepreneurial networking affects market expansion of SMEs in North Central, Nigerian. On the conduct of the study, the survey design was used. The target population of the study was 17,973 consisting of all staff of private enterprises (including owner-founder) that are registered with the various state ministries of Trade, Commerce, Industry, and Tourism in North Central, Nigeria. A sample size of 377 was drawn from the population using Krejcie and Morgan sample size determination. Bowley’s proportional statistical technique was used to determine the proportional allocation of questionnaire to the number of enterprise and staff in each state. The instruments used for data collection was the mixed method: which is quantitative (structured questionnaire) and qualitative (interview) method. Face and content validity, a panel of management experts in the department was used to critiques the validity of the instrument. The instrument was checked for reliability using Test-retest method and the results computation was carried out using Spearman Ranking Correlation Coefficient of test-retest results and a value of 0.98 indicated a high degree of item consistency. The hypotheses were tested using Pearson product moment correlation technique for hypotheses one and two; simple linear regression for hypothesis three. The findings revealed that: To a large extent entrepreneurship vocational training enhances products development of small and medium enterprises in North Central, Nigeria (r=.979, p<0.05): Entrepreneurial skill acquisition enhances productivity of small and medium enterprises in North Central, Nigeria (r=.949, p<0.05). Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that there should be more government and private sector involvement in the concept of entrepreneurship education; more so, policy makers and implementers should see entrepreneurship as a pivot engine that steers the economic hub of any nation to a virile and greater height. More importantly taking a turn from the “Asian tigers” economy, that has strategic turnaround was from entrepreneurship development.
