| 1 |
Author(s):
Dr. Elendu C. Onwuchekwa, Roseline O. Nwokoro, Dr. Uzochukwu G. Ekeleme, Dr. Alberta D. Nsemo.
Page No : 1-19
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Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Towards Breast Cancer Screening Among Women of Reproductive Age (15 – 49 years) in Abia State, Nigeria
Abstract
Introduction: Breast cancer is the commonest cancer in women characterised by regional variation and late clinical presentation in low and middle-income countries including Nigeria. The present study was designed as a community-based cross-sectional study aimed at assessing knowledge, attitude and practices towards breast cancer screening among women of reproductive age (15 – 49 years) in Abia State. Methodology: Multi-stage sampling technique was used to sample the study participants. Eighteen communities were randomly selected from the three Senatorial Zones of Abia State and a total of 1176 women were studied, comprising 391 from Abia South, 393 from Abia Central and 391 from Abia North. A validated questionnaire was used to obtain information from the respondents who consented to the study. Data analysis was performed using descriptive technique and a Chi-square test was used to test for association in the data. Results: Only about half of the women (614: 52.2%) are aware of any breast cancer screening services. Only 26.7% showed good knowledge of signs and symptoms of breast cancer and 23.6% showed good Knowledge of Availability and Accessibility. Attitude is also a significant associating factor of uptake in this study (χ2=10.50, p=0.005) and those who showed a strong positive attitude were more likely to go for breast cancer screening uptake than any other group. On the other hand, 82.4% - 96.8% of the women that showed good knowledge of signs and symptoms of breast cancer and for availability or accessibility of the screening services had the uptake compared to only 4.3% obtained among the poor knowledge group. Though many were willing to be screened for breast cancer, those that expressed their readiness to be constantly going for breast cancer screening servicer were just 24.5%. Conclusion: Breast cancer screening is quite low among the study group possibly due to a low level of knowledge, poor attitude, and other associating factors. There is a need to adequately tackle these factors in order to achieve greater health free from breast cancer among women of reproductive age.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Dr. Samuel G. K., Amini Lucy.
Page No : 20-30
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Determinants of Road Traffic Accident Among Commercial Drivers in Rivers State
Abstract
This study investigated the determinants of road traffic accidents among commercial drivers in Rivers State. Four research questions and hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. The cross-sectional survey design was adopted for the study. The sample size included 400 hundred commercial drivers selected using a purposive and accidental sampling technique. Data was collected using a self-structured questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.72. Data were analysed using percentages, mean, standard deviation and ANOVA. The result showed that age and drug use were a significant predictor of road traffic accident among commercial drivers in Rivers State (df=2, F=5.867, p.05). Based on the findings, it was concluded that drivers’ age and drug use significantly predict of road traffic accident whereas drivers’ level of education and years of work experience does not a significantly predict of road traffic accident among commercial drivers in Rivers State. It was recommended among others that there should be total enforcement of traffic rules and regulation to correct erring drivers and the Government and affected institutions should take the issue of road construction and maintenance more seriously.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Edejoro Oghoghoviano Ozakpo, Babasola Oluseyi Olugasa.
Page No : 31-42
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Socio-environmental Factors Influencing Preferences for Typhoid Fever Treatment Among Secondary School Students in Ikenne, South-West, Nigeria
Abstract
Typhoid fever was estimated to produce 17.8 million cases each year among low-and-middle-income countries of the world. This study aimed to identify the socio-environmental factors that influence care-seeking preferences for typhoid fever treatment among students of Secondary Schools. The study adopted a cross-sectional design guided by behavioural theories that employed quantitative methods of data collection. A multistage sampling technique was used to select five (5) schools from five wards in the study area. A total of 422 students were recruited for this study but only 417 questionnaires were correctly and completely analysed. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection and the data was analysed using, descriptive statistics, chart, mean, standard deviation and inferential statistics of correlation, and multiple regression. The respondents’ ages ranged from 10-19 years with a mean of 15.3 ± 1.7 years. Results demonstrated that the socio-environmental factors that influence the respondents’ health-seeking behaviour for typhoid treatment were the decision of parents on the type of treatment they can receive as well as the cost of the treatment The study further revealed that of the respondents who have had typhoid fever in their lifetime, less than half sought treatment in hospitals. This study recommends that good healthcare-seeking behaviour health promotion programmes should be targeted at parents since they are stakeholders in the healthcare-seeking decision-making of adolescents.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Ogunmiluyi Omowumi Mary, Ademola Amosu.
Page No : 43-61
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Knowledge and Health-Belief as Predictor of Prevention and Management of Childhood Diarrhoea at Federal Medical Centre, Owo
Abstract
Childhood diarrhoea is found to be the second main cause of under-five mortality the world over, in the developing countries. Therefore, the study examines the health beliefs of mothers as predictors of prevention and management of childhood diarrhoea in Federal Medical Centre, Owo, Ondo State. The study employs a descriptive cross-sectional survey research, a consecutive sampling technique to select 166 mothers of under-five children at the Children Outpatient Clinic of FMC, Owo. A mixed method analysis of quantitative and in-depth interviews was utilized to retrieve information from mothers of under-five children in FMC, Owo. The demographic information and research question was analysed using descriptive statistics while the research hypothesis was analysed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Linear regression. The results revealed that, more than half of the mothers have average knowledge of childhood diarrhoea. Across all the factors, there was a moderate level of health belief in the prevention of childhood diarrhoea among the nursing mothers of under-five children. 66.5% Average level of management of childhood diarrhoea. The first hypothesis indicated a significant relationship of socio-demographic characteristics and prevention of childhood diarrhoea among nursing mothers in under-five children in FMC, Owo Marital Status, 0.625, Occupation, 0.788, income of mother, 0.911, ethnicity, 0.771 and level of education, 0.604) and the prevention of childhood diarrhoea, this was significant 0.05 level of significance. However, religion was not significantly related with the prevention of childhood diarrhoea and prevention of childhood diarrhoea among nursing mothers of under-five children in FMC, Owo (p > 0.05). There was a significant relationship between knowledge and management of childhood diarrhoea among nursing mothers of under-five children in FMC, Owo (r=0.779, df=165, p<0.05). The study recommends that there is a need for public health physicians, social workers to provide nutritional educational programs about diarrhoea should be implemented for mothers in different community health services. Government should enforce good sanitation and improvement of housing conditions, especially water resources in rural areas.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Oyelade Blessing Olaoluwa, Ademola Amosu.
Page No : 62-73
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Knowledge as A Predictor of Hypertension Prevention Practices Among Secondary School Teachers in a Selected Local Government Area in Oyo State, Nigeria
Abstract
Globally, hypertension remains one of the most pressing public health challenges. Therefore, this study investigated knowledge as a predictor of hypertension prevention practices among secondary school teachers in Ogbomoso North Local Government in Nigeria. The research adopted a cross-sectional survey design. 418 public secondary school teachers in Ogbomoso North, Oyo State, were selected through a multistage sampling technique. A validated questionnaire was used for data collection. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 23, was used at a 95% confidence interval. The results showed that almost half of the teachers, 184 (47.8%) were between the ages of 40 and 49 years with mean±SD of 42.64±7.779 years. Majority of the teachers (96.1%) knew that hypertension is caused by high blood pressure and early detection through regular monitoring is important. The risk factors were rightly identified by over half of the teachers. The level of knowledge was computed on a 21-point rating scale with mean±SD of 14.79±2.298. The level of preventive measures was moderate with a mean±SD of 15.34±4.983 on a 24-point rating scale. Knowledge had a significant but weak statistical relationship with practice of hypertension preventive measures (R2=0.040; p< 0.01). The findings of the study suggest that there are gaps in knowledge regarding hypertension among teachers in Oyo State, which could influence their behaviours towards prevention. There is a need for comprehensive health education for this group of teachers.
| 6 |
Author(s):
Okesiji Idowu Omotunde, Professor Amosu Ademola M..
Page No : 74-92
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Knowledge, Perception and Cervical Cancer Screening Practices among Female Nurses Working in Healthcare Facilities in Lagos State, Nigeria
Abstract
Background: Cervical cancer, the 2nd most common form of cancer worldwide, is largely preventable. It occurs more in sexually active and menopausal women of which nurses as the largest group of healthcare giver have an important role to play in early detection, prevention, screening and management. Therefore, nurses’ knowledge, perception and cervical cancer screening practices in Lagos State are sought. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design, using a multi-stage sample technique to select 420 nurses and a semi-structured questionnaire (Cronbach Alpha coefficient range: 0.82- 0.84) research tool was used. The response rate was 96.9%. IBM SPSS version 23 was used in data analysis. The confidence level was 0.05 Results: Findings revealed a mean age of 37.7 ±9.5years, 2/3 of total respondents (66.8%) had BNSc, nearly half, 227(55.8%) had good knowledge of cervical cancer screening and less than half 197(48.4%) had a high perception of cervical cancer screening. The majority 312(76.7%) of the respondents had low cervical cancer screening practices. Respondents’ knowledge of cervical cancer and perception of cervical cancer screening relationship was significant (r =-0.19, p=0.000). Also, respondents age (X2= 11.49, p=0.02); marital status (X2=10.17; p=0.03); and respondents’ ethnicity (X2=10.11; p=0.02), were significant to their cervical cancer screening practices. Contrarily, respondent’s religion (X2=3.35; p=0.09), and level of education (X2=0.88; p=0.64) were not significantly related to cervical cancer screening. Conclusion: Study revealed that respondents had moderately high knowledge, moderate perception of cervical cancer screening but low screening practices. Therefore, nurses should be further resourced in promotional activities and programs through in-service training in providing informative awareness education about cervical cancer screening.
| 7 |
Author(s):
Adeyemo Oluwatosin Funso, Olugasa Babasola O. (Ph.D), Olarinmoye Ayodeji (Ph.D), Betiku Anthony.
Page No : 93-104
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Knowledge and Attitude of Blood Donors Towards Hepatitis B Virus Risk Behaviour in Ikenne Local Government Area, Ogun State, Nigeria
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection poses a major global health concern, responsible for estimated 500,000 to 1.2 million human deaths each year. The clinical manifestations of HBV-related deaths that usually arise after chronic-hepatitis include liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The transfusion of blood is a critical risk point for inadvertent transmission of Hepatitis B virus at emergency healthcare points. This poses a significant public health challenge especially in developing countries. The impact of this challenge in Ikenne Local Government area is yet to be estimated. This study was designed to assess the level of knowledge and attitude of blood donors in the four major towns in Ikenne Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria. A questionnaire survey enlisted 143 blood donors at selected blood banks in Ikenne, Ilishan, Iperu and Irolu towns in Ikenne Local Government Area, Ogun State, from February 4th to March 24th, 2021. Data collected were summarized using descriptive and correlation test statistics. Some 120 (93.9%) of the respondents were 18-34 years old. Unpaid donors accounted for 102 (78%) of the respondents. 2.8% of the respondents were confirmed positive for Hepatitis B virus before. Some 113 (86.9%) agreed that people should freely go for laboratory screening. Two-third 82 (63.1%) of the respondents indicated they knew where to get screened. Respondents’ knowledge was scored 2.423 ± 0.963, while a weak positive correlation was found between respondents’ knowledge and their risk behaviour (R = 0.296; P = <0.0001). The mean ± standard deviation of attitude of respondents was 4.207 ± 0.859, while a weak positive correlation was found between respondents’ Attitude and their risk behaviour (R = 0.225; P = < 0.010). Blood donors previously screened for the virus in general had better knowledge and behavioural attitudes that were compliant with Hepatitis B prevention, compared with previously unscreened individuals who exhibited high risk behaviour to the virus.A questionnaire survey enlisted 143 blood donors at selected blood banks in Ikenne, Ilishan, Iperu and Irolu towns in Ikenne Local Government Area, Ogun State, from February 4th to March 24th, 2021. Data collected were summarized using descriptive and correlation test statistics. Some 120 (93.9%) of the respondents were 18-34 years old. Unpaid donors accounted for 102 (78%) of the respondents. There (2.8%) of the respondents were confirmed positive for Hepatitis B virus before. Some 113 (86.9%) agreed that people should freely go for laboratory screening. Two-third 82 (63.1%) of the respondents indicated they knew where to get screened. Respondents’ knowledge was scored 2.423 ± 0.963, while a weak positive correlation was found between respondents’ knowledge and their risk behaviour (R = 0.296; P = <0.0001).
The mean ± standard deviation of attitude of respondents was 4.207 ± 0.859, while a weak positive correlation was found between respondents’ Attitude and their risk behaviour (R = 0.225; P = < 0.010).
Blood donors previously screened for the virus in general had better knowledge and behavioural attitude that were compliant with Hepatitis B prevention, compared with previously unscreened individuals who exhibited high risk behaviour to the virus.
