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Author(s):
Koate Friday Adorle, Joshua Funsho Eniojukan.
Page No : 1-18
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Correlates of Hepatitis B And C Viral Infections Among Pregnant Women in Obio Cottage Hospital in Rivers State, Nigeria.
Abstract
Globally, hepatitis B and C viral infections during pregnancy is associated with significant risk of maternal complications. There is a high rate of vertical transmission, causing fetal and neonatal hepatitis which can have serious effects on the neonate, leading to impaired mental and physical health later in life.It leads to increase in mortality, morbidity, economic wastage and other health complications.
OBJECTIVES. The objective of this study is to identify the correlates of hepatitis B and C virus among pregnant women receiving antenatal care. These include the determination of the seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses among pregnant women, their knowledge, and attitude regarding HBV and HCV infections.
METHODOLOGY
A descriptive survey design was used. The research was conducted at Obio Cottage Hospital in Obia-Akpor LGA of Rivers State, Nigeria between February 2022 and July 2022. Qualified medical laboratory personnel collected venous blood samples from participants, which were then processed for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-Hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies using ELISA kits. Additionally, demographic data were gathered through a questionnaire assessing Age, Parity, Educational status, knowledge, and attitude regarding hepatitis B and C. Descriptive and inferential analyses, utilizing SPSS v.27, Excel, and GraphPad Prism, were conducted on the data collected.
RESULTS
The mean age of respondents was 30.52 years (±5.03), PCV of 32.04% (±3.24) and a modal parity of 2 (32.81%). There was low seroprevalence rates of hepatitis B (1.41%) and C (0.31%); low level of knowledge (49.76%±14.207%) and positive attitude (45.76%±9.71%) towards hepatitis B and C education level showed no significant differences in seroprevalence (p=0.0811, t=2.180); Significant inverse relationships were noted between attitude and prevalence of both viruses (p=0.0407 for hepatitis B, p=0.0489 for hepatitis C). Increased knowledge and positive attitude were significantly associated with lower prevalence rates (p<0.0001, OR=99.000 for hepatitis B, OR=84.333 for hepatitis C).
CONCLUSION
There was a low seroprevalence among the respondents with a low level of knowledge but a positive attitude towards Hepatitis B and C. Enhanced Screening Programs, Antenatal Counseling, and Integration of Services are recommended.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Oliemen Martins Amasueba, Joshua Funsho Eniojukan.
Page No : 19-36
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Evaluation of Prescription Pattern Among Paediatric Out-Patients in a Tertiary Hospital of Yenagoa Metropolis
Abstract
Background: There is an urgent global need to ensure the safe and appropriate delivery of drugs to children. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the drug prescription patterns among pediatric outpatients in a tertiary hospital in Bayelsa State using WHO prescribing indicators. Methods: Data was retrospectively collected from 954 pediatric outpatient prescriptions from January to December 2023. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 26. Results: A total of 365 patients were studied, with 53.7% males; Patients’ ages ranged from 1 month to 18 years. The major Classes of drugs prescribed were: Anti-infectives (43.19%); Anti-inflammatory drugs ((21.49%); Drugs acting on GIT (21.28%). On average, 2.61 drugs were prescribed per encounter, with 66.46% using generic names. Antibiotics were prescribed in 46.03% of encounters, and 92.56% of drugs were from the essential medicines list. . Conclusion: The study found discrepancies in WHO core prescription indicators with common polypharmacy practices.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Adetunji Omolara Olukemi, Olanrewaju M. F. (Prof.).
Page No : 37-54
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Knowledge, Perception and Preventive Practices of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among Adults in Abeokuta North and South Local Government Area, Ogun State.
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide, with a rising burden in developing countries (WHO, 2021). Urbanization in Nigeria, particularly in Abeokuta, is associated with significant lifestyle transitions that may contribute to an increased prevalence of CVD risk factors.
A cross-sectional survey with 400 randomly selected adults. Descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were used to examine relationships between knowledge, perception, and preventive practices related to CVD risk factors.
The study population comprised of 55.5% females and 44.5% males. Knowledge of CVD risk factors varied among respondents, with 53% demonstrating moderate knowledge, 39% high knowledge, and 7.2% low knowledge. Despite this, 60.7% of respondents had a negative perception, while only 39.3% had a positive perception. Preventive practices were favorable, with 86.6% having good practices, whereas 13.4% exhibited poor preventive behaviors.
The findings suggest a substantial level of knowledge, low perception and good preventive practices.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Regina O. Ovih, Joshua F. Eniojukan.
Page No : 55-71
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Prevalence, Knowledge, Attitude, and Risk Factors for Hepatitis B Among Residents of a Rural Community in Delta State, Nigeria.
Abstract
Hepatitis B remains a significant public health issue. Many Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa have a considerable burden of Hepatitis B, with prevalence rates ranging from 8% to 11% among adults which is influenced by various factors including awareness, knowledge, attitude, and risk factors. This study aims to assess the prevalence, knowledge, attitudes, and prevalence of risk factors for Hepatitis B among participants resident within Ikweghwu Community in Delta State. A cross-sectional study design involving 376 participants was carried out. Data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire, to assess awareness, knowledge, Attitude, and risk factors for Hepatitis B. Also a small quantity of blood for rapid testing among participants. Statistical analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics including Chi-square, correlation to identify patterns and associations. There were more females. High awareness levels were significantly associated with reduced Hepatitis B seroprevalence (p < 0.0001; RR=0.0417). Knowledge of risk factors, causes, transmissions, symptoms, and prevention strategies showed strong inverse relationships with seroprevalence (p < 0.0001). Self-reported Prevalence was highest among individuals aged 25-34 years, with seroprevalence observed exclusively in this age group. Positive attitudes towards prevention and treatment also correlated with lower seroprevalence (p < 0.0001). Conversely, a higher prevalence of risk factors was positively associated with increased Hepatitis B seroprevalence (p = 0.0097).The study highlights the critical role of awareness, comprehensive knowledge, and positive attitudes in reducing Hepatitis B seroprevalence. Targeted educational interventions, positive attitudes toward prevention are essential for effective Hepatitis B control. Further research is needed to explore these relationships in diverse populations and to evaluate the impact of specific public health strategies.
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Author(s):
Eleagu Jeremiah Chidiebere, Chigeru Chinyere Florence (Ph.D.).
Page No : 72-86
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Knowledge and Prevalence of Marijuana Usage Among Youths in Ilishan Community, Ogun State.
Abstract
The use of marijuana is increasing, and new ways of consuming it are emerging, which can have serious and various health effects. Smoking marijuana, which is the most common method of marijuana usage, exposes the lungs to toxic combustion substances, which can cause various respiratory problems such as asthma, pneumonia, emphysema, and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. This knowledge gap can lead to misconceptions that normalize its use, particularly in communities where access to marijuana is relatively easy. Educational efforts are crucial in addressing these gaps, as misinformation can contribute to increased usage, addiction, and associated health problems among youths. The study, therefore, determined the knowledge and prevalence of marijuana usage among youths in the Ilishan community, Ogun State.
A descriptive cross-sectional study design was adopted, and a multistage sampling technique was used to select 163 participants. Data collection was conducted using a validated, self-administered questionnaire. Knowledge levels were assessed on an 8-point scale. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 21.0, applying descriptive statistics (frequency tables, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation test) to analyze research questions and hypotheses.
Findings revealed that 38.7% of respondents were aged 15–19 years. The majority (73.6%) were male, while 81.6% were single. Nearly half (46.6%) had completed secondary education. About 32.5% were self-employed, and 66.9% cited "other" sources of income. Additionally, 41.1% lived with their parents or guardians. Overall, respondents demonstrated poor knowledge of marijuana use, with a mean score of 3.56 ± 4.53. Statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between knowledge levels and marijuana use among youths (R = 0.187; p < 0.05).
In conclusion, the study's findings show that many respondents have poor knowledge, underscoring the urgent need for targeted public health interventions. To sum up, the prevalence of marijuana use among youths in Ilishan is exceptionally high. Therefore, public health education programs and regular awareness campaigns supported by governmental and non-governmental organizations through electronic and non-electronic media are essential to give young people, particularly those in the Ilishan community, up-to-date information on the health consequences of substance use. Also, appropriate bodies in Ilishan should enforce laws to combat the open usage of marijuana in the community.
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Author(s):
Osaiyuwu C. O., Ugbomoiko D. O., Omosigho P. O., Erameh T. O., Izevbuwa O. E., Osaiyuwu F. O., Nwaobi A. C., Osaiyuwu O..
Page No : 87-102
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Risk Factors Associated with the Distribution of Intestinal Parasites Among Primary School Children in Edo South Senatorial District, Nigeria.
Abstract
Intestinal parasitic infections remain a significant public health concern in Nigeria, particularly among school-aged children who are frequently exposed to poor sanitation, unsafe water sources, and inadequate hygiene practices. This study assessed the prevalence, distribution, and risk factors associated with intestinal parasite infections among primary school children in Edo South Senatorial District, Nigeria, with a focus on Ascaris lumbricoides and other common intestinal parasites.A cross-sectional study was conducted among 633 pupils aged 6 to 12 years across selected primary schools in the seven Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Edo South. Structured questionnaires were used to obtain sociodemographic and environmental data, while stool samples were collected and examined using standard parasitological techniques. Molecular characterization was performed on selected isolates of Ascaris lumbricoides. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests to assess associations between risk factors and infection prevalence. Of the 633 pupils examined, 145 tested positive for one or more intestinal parasites, giving an overall prevalence of 22.9%. Ascaris lumbricoides was the most prevalent parasite, followed by hookworm, Taenia species, Entamoeba histolytica, and Strongyloides stercoralis. The highest infection rates were recorded in Ikpoba-Okha, Orhionmwon, and Oredo LGAs. A significant association (p < 0.05) was observed between infection prevalence and LGA of residence as well as water source, with pupils relying on well and river water showing higher infection rates than those using treated tap water. Gender, age, and religion were not significantly associated with infection. Molecular analysis revealed moderate genetic diversity among Ascaris isolates, indicating potential zoonotic and anthroponotic transmission routes. The study highlights a considerable burden of intestinal parasites among schoolchildren in Edo South, driven largely by unsafe water sources and geographical disparities in sanitation. The dominance of Ascaris lumbricoides and its genetic variability underscores the need for integrated control strategies, including improved water supply, health education, regular deworming, and enhanced surveillance. Targeted interventions in high-risk LGAs are essential to reducing transmission and improving child health outcomes in the region.
| 7 |
Author(s):
Bello Olufunmilayo Esther, Akinboye Dora Oluwafunmilayo, Obube Olumide Abiodun, Obube Motunrayo Ibukun, Fabiyi Gbolahan Akanji.
Page No : 103-114
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Effect of Health Education Intervention on the Utilization of Modern Contraceptives Among Adolescent Mothers in Ondo State, Nigeria.
Abstract
Background: Modern contraceptives help women control the number of children they have, the spacing between pregnancies, and the timing of deliveries, which lowers the likelihood of recurring unintended pregnancies. Contraception refers to the deliberate prevention of pregnancy by employing a range of methods such as objects and devices, sexual practices, chemicals, medications, or surgical interventions. However, this study examined effect of health educational intervention on the utilization of modern contraceptives among adolescent mothers in Ondo state, Nigeria.
Methodology: The study employed a quasi-experimental design with one-arm intervention group and control. A sample size of 60 participants was computed for the study (30 participants for each group). A theory-based questionnaire was used to collect data with Cronbach’s alpha reliability index ranging from 0.73 to 0.85 was used to collect data. Data was collected at baseline, immediate post-intervention and six weeks follow-up. Data was analyzed using descriptive, and inferential statistics at 5% level of significance.
Results: Findings showed that at baseline, The mean score for utilization of modern contraceptives of the control group (6.30 ± 0.45) was significantly moderate than the experimental group (7.65 ± 0.74), with p0.05) in the utilization of modern contraceptives among Adolescent mothers in the control group and the experimental group at 12th follow-up which indicate an impact in the utilization of modern contraceptives due to the intervention study.
Conclusion: The post intervention evaluation of the utilization of modern contraceptive among Adolescents Mothers in Ondo State has proven that the use of modern contraceptives among participants has increased due to the intervention that was carried out. It was recommended that Primary health facilities should adopt this program for developing self-efficacy and right perception about modern contraceptives for adolescent mothers and encourage replication throughout the country.
| 8 |
Author(s):
Enobong Nnenna Iris Udoetuk, Olanrewaju Moturayo Florence (Ph.D.), Olaoye Titilayo (Ph.D.), Ajayi Oluwaseun Chidera (Ph.D.).
Page No : 115-125
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Impact of Educational Intervention on Knowledge Pertaining to Osteoporosis Among Premenopausal Women in Selected Tertiary Educational Institutions in Lagos State, Nigeria.
Abstract
Background: Osteoporosis is one of the most common degenerative diseases, occurring more frequently in women. It is characterized by reduced bone mass and deterioration of bone structure. Osteoporosis is particularly insidious because it has no symptoms, and is often discovered after a fragility fracture has already occurred. Literature has established that prior awareness of the condition could help in prompting better preventive practices. Thus, this study examined the effects of a health educational intervention on knowledge pertaining to osteoporosis among premenopausal women in selected tertiary educational institutions in Lagos State, Nigeria.
METHODOLOGY: The study employed quasi-experimental design. The population of study was pre-menopausal women working at two tertiary educational institutions in Lagos State, and was estimated to be 461. A total sample size of 60 was determined using the Power formula. Purposive sampling was used. Participants were grouped into one experimental group and one control group. A semi-structured, validated questionnaire, with Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ranging from 0.78 to 0.84 was used to collect data at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and at the 12th week follow-up. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics at a 5% level of significance.
RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 37.15 ± 1.79 years. At baseline, for their level of knowledge no significant difference (p > 0.05) was found to exist between mean scores for the control group (CG) (3.26 ± 0.94) and the experimental group (EG) (3.10 ± 1.21). At immediate post-intervention, there was significant difference (p < 0.05) between the mean scores for the CG (2.76 ± 1.13) and the EG (13.83 ± 0.37), and effect size (ES) was found to be 2.01. Finally, at 12th week, there was significant difference (p < 0.005) between the CG (3.23 ± 1.19) and the EG (19.73 ± 4.96), and ES was found to be 3.25, indicating that the intervention had a considerable effect on the experimental group.
CONCLUSION: The educational intervention was an effective tool for improving knowledge pertaining to osteoporosis among premenopausal women in Lagos State. It is recommended that time and resources be invested in comprehensive health education pertaining to osteoporosis and its prevention, to ensure that pre-menopausal women become more knowledgeable about the disease and its predisposing factors, in order to prevent its occurrence in old age.
| 9 |
Author(s):
Akinbani Toluwanimi Ruth, Chigeru Chinyere Florence.
Page No : 126-140
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Factors Associated with Adolescent-to-Parent Communication on Sexual and Reproductive Health Among Secondary School Students in Redemption Camp, Ogun State.
Abstract
Adolescent-to-parent communication on sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is vital for fostering healthy behaviors, yet often limited in conservative settings. This study assessed factors influencing such communication among secondary school students in Redemption Camp, Ogun State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey of 259 students was conducted using a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected with a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS 27. Results showed that personal factors, particularly knowledge (mean = 8.76/10) and self-efficacy (mean = 2.76), had a significant impact on SRH communication. Logistic regression identified self-efficacy as the strongest predictor (β = 0.211, p = 0.011), while environmental factors were not significant. The study concludes that confidence and emotional readiness play a more critical role than knowledge alone. Interventions should focus on boosting adolescents’ communication skills and parental support, especially within faith-based and community programs.
