| 1 |
Author(s):
Nduka Beatrice Abanum, Olofu Margaret Ede, Aremu-Dele Olufemi, Onyekachi Victor Arinze.
Page No : 1-15
|
Cashew Seedlings Nursery Production in University of Abuja Nigeria and its Response to Different Organic Amendments
Abstract
Organic waste materials are embedded with plant nutrients augmented to contain nutrients used for plant use and raising cashew seedlings in the nursery. This study aims to observe the effect of organic materials as soil amendments in the growing of cashew seedlings. The treatments consisted of two cashew nut types (Jumbo and Medium size) and three organic materials: Cocoa pod husk-Biochar, Rice husk, Maize barn, and a control. These planting materials were arranged as Jumbo Nut-Control, Medium Nut-Control, Jumbo nut+Biochar, Medium nut+Biochar, Jumbo nut+Maize Bran, Medium nut+Maize Bran, Jumbo nut+Rice Husk, Medium nut+Rice Husk, Jumbo nut+Biochar+Maize Bran+Rice Husk and Medium nut+Biochar+Maize Bran+Rice Husk laid in a Complete Randomized Design with three replications. The seedlings were raised with a 10kg topsoil mix with 9.0g (5t/ha) of organic materials and control. Data collected include plant height, stem girth, numbers of leaves, leaf area, fresh and dry offshoot weight, root weight, and taproot length, analyzed with SAS statistical package and Mean separation using Tukey’s Studentized Range Test at (P≤0.05). The pre-and post-soil were analyzed for chemical properties. The result showed that the organic amendments improved the chemical properties of the soil. Although these nutrient amendments improved crop productivity, their effectiveness was pronounced in the medium cashew nut. At termination, the control treatments had the least fresh and dry shoot, root weight and shortest Root length when compared to other treatments. Conclusively, Cocoa pod husk-Biochar, Rice Husk and Maize Barn should be considered in cashew nursery and field trial upon transplanting.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Isa Ibrahim Shehu, Ajiji Ishaya, Anthony Ojo.
Page No : 16-23
|
Effects of Inclusion of Processed Mucuna Utilis [Mucuna pruriens] (l) Seed Meal on Performance Characteristics of Noilers
Abstract
The experiment was conducted to ascertain the inclusion levels of cooked, decorticated and toasted Mucuna Utilis seed meal on the performance characteristics of Noilers. One hundred and forty four (144) day old Niolers chicks were raised on four experimental diets. Mucuna seed meal were incorporated at the rate of 200g/kg of feed, the diets was formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric. Each diet was fed to a group of 36 birds for a period of 56days. There were significant (P<0.05) differences among the treatment groups in feed intake, body weight and feed conversion ratio. The group feed decorticated Mucuna seed meal showed significant (P<0.05) depressed feed intake, body weight and poor feed conversion ratio when compared with other treatment groups. Apparent digestibility of crude protein either extract, crude fibre and ash differed significantly (P<0.05) among the treatments. It was concluded that cooked Mucuna seed could be included in Noiler diets at 200g/kg while decortication was an ineffective processing method.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Whenu O.O., Akintola S.L., Ajibade M.A..
Page No : 24-31
|
Mapping of Fuel Wood Types Used in Smoking Fish in Relation to Occurrence of PAHs in Smoked Fish in Nigeria
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are organic contaminants present in fuel woods which are hazardous to human health. The aim of the study is to determine the level of PAHs present in fuel woods used for smoking fish in Nigeria. Samples of fuels collected all over Nigeria were categorized into Hard, Soft and Starters. Four samples were extracted and analyzed using gas chromatography attached with a mass spectrophotometer. The result showed that all the fuelwoods have PAHs below maximum permissible level. Teak wood has high level of PAHs in Naphthalene 0.048 ± 0.000132, Acenaphthylene 0.0013 ± 0.00005, Fluorene 0.0105 ± SE-05, Pyrene 0.0105 ± SE-05, Fluoranthene 0.0119 ± 0.0001, Triphenylene 0.0011 ± 1E-04, Benz(a)anthrax 0.0008 ± SE-05. The order of increase of hazard (PAHs) for the fuel woods are Tectona spp > Azadirachta spp > Mangifera spp > Anacardium spp. When the four fuel woods were used to smoke the same fresh Clarias gariepinus with the same equipment, it was revealed that all were having a high level of PAHs above maximum permissible limit. Fish smoked with Anacardium spp of wood has the highest level of PAHs. Therefore, excess use of Anacardium spp of woods should be averted when smoking fish because of the lipophilic nature of PAHs.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Ayofe M. Hammed, Folalu A. Awe, Gabriel O. Mekuleyi , Afusat A. Adeleye.
Page No : 32-40
|
Comparative Assessment of Mineral, Proximate and Amino Acids Composition of Wild and Cultured Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus
Abstract
Investigation was conducted on the comparative analysis on mineral, proximate and amino acid composition of wild and cultured Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Internationally accepted methods of AOAC were used for the AAS analysis while data were tested with ANOVA. Moisture content of wild Clarias gariepinus (21.71±0.07%) and Oreochromis niloticus (12.72±3.00%) were significantly different (p0.05). Protein content in C. gariepinus and O. niloticus ranged from 38.61±0.19% (in wild C. gariepinus) to 50.03±0.19% (in cultured O. niloticus). There were significant differences (p<0.05) for crude protein, crude fibre, crude fat, Na, Mg and K in the fish species but none for Fe, Pb, Cd and Ca. The highest Na (80.07±0.55mg/100g) was recorded in wild C. gariepinus and the least Na (27.43±0.50mg/100g) in cultured O. niloticus. Cultured O. niloticus had the highest Mg (92.48±0.50mg/100g) while the highest K (44.03±0.50mg/100g) was recorded in wild C. gariepinus. The contents of alanine (4.12±0.12 g/100g), serine (5.77±0.11 g/100g), and aspartate (8.71±0.05g/100g) of wild O. niloticus were higher (p<0.05) than those of other fishes. Cultured O. niloticus (5.55±0.05g/100g) had the highest value in proline, while wild C. gariepinus had the highest value in phenylalanine (5.28±0.50 g/100g), but cultured C. gariepinus had the highest isoleucine (4.80±0.03g/100g) and threonine (6.24±0.24g/100g). The proximate composition, amino acid and mineral contents of both cultured and wild fishes vary. Therefore, consumption of fish from both sources is recommended to meet diet requirements.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Amina Ahmed, Usha Bajwa.
Page No : 41-48
|
Effect of Fruit Acidulants on Instrumental Colour Values and Sensory Qualities of Paneer
Abstract
Colour is one of the important parameters for the acceptability of many food products. Therefore, a study was carried out to investigate the effect of milk coagulation with fruit juice acidulants (lemon and amla) on the instrumental colour values and sensory qualities of paneer (Indian soft cheese type). The paneer was prepared per standard methods, and paneer curry was prepared using commercial masala as labelled instructions. Raw materials and paneer were analysed for instrumental colour and expressed as *L, *a and *b values. First, sensory evaluation was conducted by blinding the type of acidulant used for raw and curried paneer and then disclosing the kind of acidulant used for raw paneer. We found that the fruit juice acidulants affected both instrumental colour values and sensory qualities of paneer. The sensory scores were highest for paneer coagulated with citric acid, followed by lemon and amla extracts. However, disclosing the type of acidulant used increased sensory scores for amla paneer while the scores for lemon paneer slightly decreased. Moreover, currying increased sensory scores of the amla paneer. Therefore, lemon and amla juice have potential in manufacturing paneer with high acceptability despite the colour imparted from the fruits.
| 6 |
Author(s):
Adepoju I.O., Aminu-Bello B.R., Olaniran S.O..
Page No : 49-57
|
Suppression of Meloidogyne incognita Infection on Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) Using Neem (Azadirachta indica) and Poultry Manure
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to assess the suppression of root-knot nematode on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) using neem (Azadirachta indica) and poultry manure. The experiment was conducted at the screen house of the National Horticultural Research Institute (NIHORT) Idi-Ishin, Ibadan Oyo State. Tomato seedlings, Roma, Cobra, Nadira, Lindo, Kiara, and Panther cultivars are grown in pots filled with steam-sterilized soil. Seedlings were treated with neem extract (Azadirachta indica), poultry manure and a combination of neem and poultry manure which were assigned at 0.4g each to inoculated pots of root-knot nematode (5,000 juveniles of nematodes) which 5ml was applied per tomato stand. The treatments applied in the trials reduced root-knot nematode populations in the soil with corresponding increases in plant height, number of leaves, stem girth and fruit yield over the control. There was a significant (P ≤ 0.05) reduction in the root galls from the treated pots with maximum nematode eggs (1200.00) and juveniles (980.00) observed in untreated pots followed by neem extract application (101.50 eggs) and (720.00 juveniles), poultry manure application (415.00 eggs) and 89.50 juveniles while minimum root-knot nematode eggs of 82.50 and 415.00 juveniles were obtained in neem plus poultry manure. This research recommends the incorporation of poultry manure in nematode-infested soils.
| 7 |
Author(s):
Okelola O.E., Babalola D.A..
Page No : 58-70
|
Empirical Analysis of Fish Consumption among Households in Lagos State, Nigeria
Abstract
This work studies fish consumption among households in Lagos State. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 400 households from Lagos Island, Eti Osa, Surulere, Shomolu, Kosofe and Oshodi/Isolo Local Government Areas. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data needed for the study. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (multinomial logit model). The result indicated that the study area had more male-headed households (52.5%). The average monthly expenditure on fish by household was ₦3,640. The result of the descriptive statistics further shows that a large number of consumers had a preference for fresh fish (60.7%) and smoked fish (54.7%). The result of the multinomial result shows that Education, Age, mode of income, Gender and Household income were among the significant factors influencing households’ preference for the form of fish consumed. The study recommends the improvement of the market for fish by creating value through packaging processing and storage and better storage facilities are pertinent. This can be achieved by government provision of steady power supply and agro-processing industries which must be linked to production for household consumption.
