| 1 |
Author(s):
Niokhor Ngobe Sene, Aissatou Ahmet Niang, Madiagne Der, Fatoumata Diallo, Aissatou Gaye, Youssoupha Fall, Sény Ndiaye, Mouhamadou Lamine Dia.
Page No : 1-8
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Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Isolated Blse-Producing Klebsiella SPP in Urinary Tract Infections at FANN National University Hospital (Dakar/Senegal).
Abstract
This is a retrospective study covering the period 2022-2023 on urine samples received at the bacteriology-virology laboratory of the CHNU of FANN. The aim was to determine the prevalence and sensitivity profile of ESBL-producing strains of Klebsiella spp to other antibiotic molecules. A total of 549 urine samples were positive for a bacterium, of which 113 (20.58%) were attributable to Klebsiella spp., with a predominance of Klebsiella pneumoniae n=90 (79.65%). 59.26% were producers of extended-spectrum betalactamase (ESBL), of which 56.25% (n=27/48) were of hospital origin. Good sensitivity was noted to imipenem (78.40%) and amikacin (70.59%).
| 2 |
Author(s):
Okorie Charity Ebelechukwu, Yusuf Haruna, Bala Ma’aji Abdulhamid, Hina Aliyu Danladi.
Page No : 9-20
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Estimation of the Basic Reproduction Number of COVID-19 in Nigeria.
Abstract
Corona virus disease is seen as a dreaded disease all over the world. This prompted many researchers into carrying out research on COVID-19. The essence of these is to provide solution for eradication ofCOVID-19.In this research work, we considered the basic reproduction number which is a determinant to the spread and control of any infectious diseases. We used the next generation matrix as a method of finding the basic reproduction number. Data for the analysis were obtained from literatures, World meters and from NCDC. Maple 2023 software was used for the analysis. The results show thatR_0<1. This is an indication that COVID-19 is not spreading like wild fire as the case of other countries. This does not mean that Nigerians will relent and give room for re infection and spread of COVID-19 The information from this research work will enable the government, health care providers and general public in taking precautionary measures against COVID-19.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Adamu A. I., Pam V. A., Ashigar M. A., Ombugadu A., Maikenti J. I., Ahmed H. O., Sangari J. S., Aimankhu O. P.,, Akharenegbe P., Haruna S..
Page No : 21-38
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Nest Biota and Composition of Household Ants in Lafia Local Government Area, Nasarawa State.
Abstract
Household ants are an important group of insect pests because of their close association with man. However, there is less data on their role in mechanical spread of diseases in the study area. Therefore this study investigated ant species and the soil microbes in their nest in Lafia Local Government Area of Nasarawa State, Nigeria in August, 2023. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 60 households across three developmental areas using hand picking method for ants’ collection as well as soil samples collection from available nest which were transferred in sample containers and transported to the Laboratory for ants’ identification, parasitological analysis and culture. 3,015 ants belonging to five subfamilies, 15 genera and 17 species were collected. The most dominant ant was Brachyponera sennaarensis (21.43%), while Solenopsis spp. was least dominant (0.23%). Of the selected ants screened; none had ecto and endo-parasites. Although three (3) species of soil transmitted helminths were found in the soil analyzed using sedimentation method and the modified Baermann’s funnel technique in which Strongyloides starcoralis 16(26.67%) was more prevalent. Ants where also contaminated with (13) species of bacteria of which Escherichia coli was the most frequent (22.63%) pathogenic bacteria. Candida spp. was also recorded in the study. Consequently, Households in the study sites show increasingly high number of ants due to their efficient feeding and nesting activities; this may support the mechanical spread of helminths and soil pathogenic microbes, therefore proper sanitation as well as integrated control measures against ant infestation should be given due consideration.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Madiagne Der, Aissatou Ahmed Niang.
Page No : 39-46
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Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Uropathogenic Enterobacteriaceae Isolated at the Bacteriology-Virology Laboratory of Chnu De Fann, Dakar.
Abstract
Introduction: Urinary tract infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae producing extended- spectrum β-lactamases represent a growing infectious risk, and in many cases may even lead to therapeutic impasses due to their multi-resistance to antibiotics. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility profile of extended-spectrum betalactamase-secreting uropathogenic enterobacteriaceae isolated at the CHNU de Fann, Dakar .
Material and Methods: This was a retrospective study lasting six months (from January 1 to June 30, 2018) concerning all uropathogenic E-BLSE strains isolated at the Bacteriology- Virology laboratory of the CHNU de Fann (Dakar).
Results: This study revealed a high prevalence of E-BLSE isolation (41.8%), particularly in outpatients (65.67%). The most represented age group was between 60 and 80 years, with a percentage of 48.11%. E. coli was the most isolated germ (51.49%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (26.87%). A study of the susceptibility profile of EBLSE to other antibiotic molecules revealed high levels of resistance, reaching 100% for sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim and fosfomycin, and 91.3
% for fluoroquinolones. For aminoglycosides, high co-resistance was observed with gentamicin (85.7%), while it was low with amikacin (3.84%). Our results also showed 100% sensitivity to imipenem.
Conslusion: The emergence of extended-spectrum ß-lactamase-producing urinary tract infections is a major public health problem. Faced with this alarming and worrying situation, and in order to limit the emergence of healthcare-associated infections, it has become imperative to improve hospital hygiene.
Key words: Urinary tract infections, enterobacteria, ESBL, CHNU de Fann.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Madiagne Der, Aissatou Ahmed Niang.
Page No : 47-54
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Epidemiological and Bacteriological Profile of Urinary Tract Infections Diagnosed at The Bacteriology Laboratory of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire De Fann, Dakar from January 1er to December 31 2020.
Abstract
Introduction Urinary tract infections are extremely frequent and caused by bacteria whose treatment is based on the administration of antibiotics. The emergence and spread of acquired resistance mechanisms are limiting the indications for a number of antibiotics. It is in this context that this work is set, the main objective of which is to study the epidemiological and bacteriological profile of urinary tract infections at the CHNU de Fann, Dakar. Methodology: This is a retrospective study covering a one-year period from January 1er to December 31 2020. All patients received at the laboratory for an ECBU request were included. Data collection was based on information sheets and bench registers. The following information was collected : age, sex, germ isolated, antibiotic susceptibility profile. These data were processed using R. Studio software version 3.6.3, 2019. Results : We received 3697 requests for bacteriological examination of urine. The mean age of patients in our series was 48.7 years, with extremes of 15 days and 113 years. The 60 to 80 age group was the most affected. Women were more affected, with a rate of 51.03%, compared with 48.97% for men. A total of 3,697 urine samples were received during the study period, of which 776 were positive after analysis, representing a rate of 21%. 845 bacteria, with enterobacteria predominating (73.14%), followed by Gram-negative non-fermentative bacilli (13.37%) and Gram-positive cocci (13.27%). Escherichia coli was the most prevalent species, with a frequency of 36.09%, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (17.99%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.16%), Staphylococcus aureus (6.63%), Enterobacter spp (6.50%), Citrobacter spp (4.02%), Acinetobacter spp (3.73%), Streptococcus spp (3.67%).Enterobacter spp (52.72%), Escherichia coli (47.53%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (49.34%) showed a high prevalence of ESBL. Staphylococci showed a high rate of resistance to methicillin (55.71%).
| 6 |
Author(s):
Hussein A. R. Abbood , Salah S. Zain alabden.
Page No : 55-67
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Prevalence of Fungal Contamination in Bottled Water and Plastic Containers in Iraqi Companies.
Abstract
This study was designed to examine 100 samples of bottled drinking water from 20 different markets across Iraq. Samples were examined using the membrane method. Among of 32 samples, the fungi ranged between 29 - 388 colonies/100 ml, with 19 samples having a colony percentage below the permissible limit and 13 samples having a colony percentage higher than the maximum level specified in the International Standard for Water (no more than 100 colonies/100 ml). So 12 different fungal species were found in bottled water product (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus parasiticus, Penicillium italicum, Penicillium expansum, Penicillium glabrum, Alternaria alternate, Bipolaris spp., Trichoderma spp., Rhizopus spp., Chladosporium cladosporioides, and yeast )
The results showed that the same fungi were isolated from both water and plastic packaging. Antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that (ketoconazole, griseofulvin, and itraconazole) more effective against the isolated fungi.
| 7 |
Author(s):
Christiana Fwenji Zumyil (Ph.D.), Toma Maina Antip (Ph.D.).
Page No : 68-81
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Students’ Perceptions about the Greenhouse Effect, Global Warming, and Climate Change: A Case Study of Some Secondary Schools in Pankshin LGA.
Abstract
The study investigated the Students’ Perceptions about the Greenhouse Effect, Global Warming, and Climate Change. The study adopted the survey research design with four research questions and one hypothesis. 100 students were randomly selected from 10 secondary schools in Pankshin LGA. The instrument used for the data collection was structured questionnaire. The results revealed that students generally possess a good understanding of the greenhouse effect and recognize climate change as a pressing issue requiring immediate attention. They also demonstrated a good level of awareness of the potential consequences associated with global warming and climate change. The study also revealed that, a significant number of students express a sense of personal responsibility to take action and contribute towards addressing the menace of climate change. The study concluded that, educators should contribute to creating more information and environmentally conscious generation. The study recommends that, school authorities should help in providing the science teachers with necessary equipment for the teaching of greenhouse effect, global warming, and climate change.
| 8 |
Author(s):
Uba Muhammad Tasi'u, Chinyere Ibeawuchi-Onuoha, Chieme Sunday Chukwudoruo.
Page No : 82-93
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Anticholinesterase Effects of Annona Muricata Leaf Extract on Aluminum Lactate-Induced Alzheimer’s-Like Disease in Albino Rats.
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegerative disease characterised by β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the hippocampus, leading to brain cells’ death with concomitant decline in memory and thinking. Cholinesterase-Inhibitors and N-Methyl-D-Aapartate are the approved classes of drugs for AD treatment. Annona muricata, an Annonacea family, shows various potentials in ethnotraditional medicine e.g. anti-inflammatory potential. This study aimed to determine the anticholinesterase effects of Annona muricata on aluminum lactate-induced Alzheimer’s-like disease in rats, compare its effects with that of Neostigmine; and determine the potential of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase in AD diagnosis. Thirty rats were used and grouped into five groups of 6 each: group-I (normal control, administered with distilled water only), group-II (negative control, only induced with the toxicant), group-III (standard control, treated with 2mg/Kg-Neostigmine + toxicant induction), and groups-IV and V (were treated with 250mg/Kg and 500mg/Kg of A. muricata respectively + toxicant induction). The treatment lasted for 28days and the toxicant accompanied it after the third week, for the last 7days. The biochemical analysis was carried out and revealed significant (p<0.05) alteration induced by the toxicant in the levels of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. Treatments with Neostigmine and A. muricata significantly (p<0.05) countered these effects at varying capacity and dose dependence; with A. muricata (at 500mg/Kg) having more potency than the standard drug. Conclusively, A. muricata exhibits dose-dependent anticholinesterase potential in the management of AD more than Neostigmine; acetylcholnesterase and butyrylcholinesterase are good candidates for AD diagnosis and management, and aluminum lactate holds promise in inducing AD.
| 9 |
Author(s):
Bibiana C. Uzor, Peace O. Ojezuabi-Imoode.
Page No : 94-109
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Evaluation of Inhibitory Substance- Producing Bacteria Isolated from Palm Wine (Elaeis Guineenis) Sold in Elele Market, Rivers State, Nigeria.
Abstract
The increase in the number of antimicrobial-resistant food-borne pathogens has become a cause for concern. There is a need to find novel strategies to combat these pathogens, in order to reduce food poisoning and even promote food security. Probiotic bacteria, including Lactic acid bacteria, were isolated from Palm wine (Elaeis guineesis) to evaluate antimicrobial effects on some selected spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms (Escherichia sp, Pseudomonas sp and Staphylococci sp). They were identified by gram staining, catalase test, spore staining tests, sugar fermentation test and molecular analysis. These isolates were tested against pathogens to determine if they were capable of inhibiting their growth, and the isolates that exhibited antimicrobial properties were Bacillus cereus, Lactobacillus sp 1 and Lactobacillus sp 2. Bacillus cereus showed 18mm against both Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Lactobacillus sp 1 showed 20mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while Lactobacillus sp 2 showed 21mm against Staphylococcus aureus. And the quantitative analysis of the molecular results show the absorbance ratio (A260/A280) for Lactobacillus sp 1 as of 1.49, Bacillus cereus as 1.69 and Lactobacillus sp 2 as 1.29. The results indicated that Bacillus cereus, Lactobacillus sp 1 and Lactobacillus sp 2 exhibited probiotic potential.I
| 10 |
Author(s):
M. S. Twan , Oguche A. J..
Page No : 110-118
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Prevalence of Intestinal Protozoa Infections Among Some Primary School Pupils in Akko Local Government Area of Gombe State, Nigeria.
Abstract
The prevalence of intestinal protozoa infections among primary school pupils in Akko Local Government Area of Gombe State, Nigeria was investigated. Stool samples were collected from 450 pupils aged 5–13 years from six (6) primary schools in the Local Government Area. A structured questionnaire was used to collect relevant demographic and risk factor data associated with intestinal protozoa infections. The stool samples were processed using the formol-ether concentration technique and microscopically examined for protozoan cysts; 10.7 % of the stool samples were positive for the cysts. The prevalences of intestinal protozoa were: 4.9 % for Entamoeba histolytica, 3.7 % for Entamoeba coli and 2.1 % for Balantidium coli. The prevalence of infection by protozoa in individual schools was not uniform despite the similarity in the local topography and weather conditions. Demographic data of age, sex and nature of school attended (public or private), were recorded at the point of sample collection. The age range prevalence for intestinal protozoa recorded 4.9%, 4% and 1.8% for 5-7 years, 8-10 years and 11-13 years respectively. More male pupils (6.4%) were infected compared to the females (4.3%). The laboratory analysis further revealed that prevalence was more among pupils that attend public school (7.1%) than those in private schools (3.6%). Poverty, ignorance and poor environmental sanitation were factors found to be associated with the prevalence rates recorded. It is therefore recommended that a concerted health education effort is necessary in order to curb the infections within the schools and the communities.
| 11 |
Author(s):
M. S. Twan .
Page No : 119-128
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Intestinal Protozoa and Schistosoma Mansoni (Sambon 1907) Infections Among Some Pupils in Akko Local Government Area of Gombe State, Nigeria.
Abstract
The prevalence of intestinal protozoa and Schistosoma mansoni infections among primary school pupils in Akko Local Government Area of Gombe State, Nigeria was investigated. Stool samples were collected from 450 pupils aged 5–13 years in the three (3) districts of Akko Local Government Area. A structured questionnaire was used to collect relevant demographic and risk factor data associated with intestinal protozoa and S. mansoni infections. The stool samples were processed using the formol-ether concentration technique and microscopically examined for protozoan cysts and S. mansoni eggs; 12.4 % of the stool samples were positive for cysts and eggs. The prevalences of intestinal protozoa were: Entamoeba histolytica (4.9 %), Entamoeba coli (3.8 %) and Balantidium coli (2 %); Schistosoma mansoni eggs had a prevalence of 1.6 %. The prevalence of infection with protozoa and S. mansoni infections in individual schools was not uniform despite the similarity in the local topography and weather conditions. Source of drinking water and type of toilet used significantly associated with infection by intestinal protozoa and S. mansoni (Odd’s Ratio value for Pit-latrine was 18.959). The prevalence of intestinal protozoa and Schistosoma mansoni infections among the primary school pupils was associated with poor personal hygiene habits at home and in school, and improper disposal of human and animal waste as implied by the responses to the questionnaire. It is therefore recommended that a concerted health education effort is necessary in order to curb the infections within the schools and the communities.
| 12 |
Author(s):
Kolawole Sodeinde, Izuchukwu Eya, Chibuifem Ezeokoye, Promise Ezebiora, Ifeoluwa Fabunmi, Ayomide Fashina, Grateful Sodeinde.
Page No : 129-138
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Knowledge and Perception of Prostate Cancer Screening among Male Employees of a Private University in Ogun State, Nigeria.
Abstract
Introduction: The burden of prostate cancer has steadily increased over the years. Patients in developed countries present with the disease early but contrastingly, men in developing countries present late leading to higher mortality in these countries. This variation in presentation is essentially because of differences in screening for the disease which usually depends on knowledge and perception of screening among men. This study assessed the knowledge and screening of prostate cancer screening among men in a tertiary institution in Nigeria. Methods: The study employs a descriptive cross-sectional study of 211 men who were selected using a convenience sampling method. Data was collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Knowledge of prostate cancer was graded as adequate or inadequate while perception was categorised as good or poor both using mean scores. Data analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 22 and presented as tables. P< 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: The mean age of participants was 55.90±7.80 years and most of them (98.6%) had tertiary education as the highest level of education. About three-fifths (58.8%) of the respondents had adequate knowledge while 41.2% had inadequate knowledge about prostate cancer screening. More than half (53.1%) of the respondents had a good perception of prostate cancer screening while 46.9% had a poor perception. The occupation had statistically significant associations with the perception of participants of prostate cancer screening. Conclusion: Knowledge and perception were good among participants who were mostly educated. Occupation was also significantly associated with perception. Educated men may be deployed as peer educators for prostate cancer.
