| 1 |
Author(s):
Mulikat Adenike Adewole, Ige Joseph Kade (Prof.), Akeem Olalekan Lawal (Prof.), Olusola Elekofehinti (Ph.D.), Damilola Mafolayomi Ige.
Page No : 1-11
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Acute Ethanol Intoxication in Rats Exposure-Time Dependent, Diphenyl Diselenide Offers a Remedy.
Abstract
Acute ethanol intoxication causes a lot of pathologies that have been linked to oxidative stress, despite the attending toxicity of ethanol, its acute exposure is sometimes necessitated. Although, a lot of research has investigated acute ethanol intoxication with possible management regimens, especially the use of compounds with antioxidant property, however, less information is available on the time-dependent effects of ethanol on the biochemical indicators of oxidative stress and the possible interactive effects that diphenyl diselenide (DPDSe) may have on it in liver tissues. Hence, this study sought to investigate the time-dependent effects of ethanol and the possible influence DPDSe may have on intoxication at different times.10mg/kg DPDSe was administered orally to white Albino rats 30 minutes before and after oral administration of 13ml/kg of 28% ethanol solution, the reaction was terminated at 1hr, 3hrs, 6hrs, and 12hrs after administration of ethanol for different groups. Thereafter, the oxidative stress indicators such as lipid peroxidation, total thiol, and non-protein thiol as well as activities of enzymes that are stress-responsive such as ⸹-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), 5’-nucleotidase and NTPDase were evaluated. The results of lipid peroxidation, and thiol level show that ethanol-induced stress is more pronounced at times 3hrs and 6hrs of exposure while the protective effect of diphenyl diselenide on the tissues is maximum at 6 hrs after exposure to ethanol. The time-dependence intoxication effect of ethanol on the liver and the time-dependent ameliorative effect of DPDSe show that in the search for more therapeutic agents against acute intoxication of ethanol, time of exposure to ethanol is a valid factor that is to be considered.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Izevbuwa Osazee Ekundayo, Asika Lawrenta Osaretin, Samuel Gift Chibuzor, Oboro Glory Edirin.
Page No : 12-22
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Assessment of Haematological Parameters and Body Mass Index Among Geriatric Out- Patients in Ekpoma, Edo State.
Abstract
Aging is associated with physiological changes that affect various bodily systems, including the haematological system. This study aimed to evaluate haematological parameters and Body Mass Index (BMI) in geriatric subjects (≥60 years) and compare them with apparently healthy young adults (20-33 years). A total of 100 subjects (50 geriatrics and 50 controls) were recruited for this study. Haematological parameters, including white blood cell count, lymphocyte count, granulocyte count, red blood cell count, haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, and platelet count, were assessed. BMI was calculated, and comparisons were made between geriatric and control groups. The results showed higher BMI values in geriatric subjects, although not statistically significant. White blood cell count was lower in geriatric subjects, while lymphocyte count, granulocyte count, and platelet count showed no significant differences. Haemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume were significantly higher in geriatric subjects. The findings suggest that aging is associated with changes in haematological parameters and BMI, which may not necessarily indicate disease. The study's results are consistent with World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for haematological values among blacks and highlight the importance of considering age-related changes in haematological parameters when assessing the health status of geriatric subjects.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Amaechi Austin, Iwunze John, Uzowuru Daniel, Ebeh-Njoku Augusta, Chimara Osinachi, Alisi Goodlick, Nwokeji Modebe, Tony-Nze Chizoba.
Page No : 23-30
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Updated profile of Clinical Manifestations of Onchocerciasis After Repeated Ivermectin Treatment in Middle Imo River Basin, Nigeria.
Abstract
We conducted a cross-sectional survey on the impact of ivermectin after repeated treatment in five communities in Imo State, Nigeria. Rapid epidemiological mapping of onchocerciasis (REMO) carried out in 450 subjects in 1994 prior to the launching of mass drug administration were compared with re-examinations of 540 subjects in 2023. We found palpable nodule reduction from 47.2% to 12.2% and popular dermatitis decrease from 42.9% to 5.9%. Reductions in other clinical features were observed. Overall, a significantly higher proportions of males were infected than females (P<0.05). The implications of these results were discussed in line with the reported benefits of ivermectin therapy.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Dasofunjo K., Ugwu M. N., Okafor A. I., Ujong U. P. (Ph.D.), Ati B. U..
Page No : 31-57
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Spermatogenic and Libido Enhancing Effect of Ethanol Extract of Kigelia Africana in ∆9 Tetrahydrocannabinol Induced Erectile Dysfunction in Male Wistar Rats.
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction has remained one of the major global health issues for the past two decades. Since the discovery of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, a significant number of patients have solved the issue of erectile dysfunction. However, the wide distribution of phosphodiesterase type 5 enzymes at various sites of the body led phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors to cause various unnecessary outcomes. Hence, it is vital to look for optional agents that could solve these limitations. In this present work, erectile dysfunction was induced by administering 30 mg/kgbwt THC for 3 days. Treatment given was as follows: A - Normal Control, B - Std control (THC+Viagra), C - Negative control (THC only), D - THC + 200 mg/Kgbwt ethanol leaf extract of Kigelia africana (200 mg/Kgbwt), E - THC + 400 mg/Kgbwt ethanol leaf extract of Kigelia africana for a succession of 14 days. Sexual behaviour parameters were monitored in the male rats on Days 1, 7 and 14 respectively after administration by pairing with a receptive female (1:1); thereafter, rats were sacrificed and serum was collected for some biochemical parameters using standard method.
Cage side observation on the animals revealed prospective behaviours by the receptive female rats and precopulatory behaviours by the ethanol extract K.africana treated male rats.The extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight significantly (P<0.05) increased the frequencies of mount and intromission.In addition, the ejaculation latency was significantly (P< 0.05) prolonged.The latencies of mount and intromission were reduced significantly (P<0.05) whereas ejaculation frequency increased. The extract also reduced the post-ejaculatory interval of the Wistar rats. Computed percentages of index of libido, mounted, intromitted, ejaculated and copulatory efficiency were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the extract-treated animals in a dosage dependent manner than the control whereas the inter copulatory interval decreased significantly. The extract also significantly (p<0.05) increased the serum testosterone, FSH and LH concentration but significantly (p<0.05) reduced serum oestrogen, prolactin and progesterone of the treated groups when compared with the control. The extract also significantly (p<0.05) increased the sperm motility, total sperm count, and sperm viability but produced a significant (p<0.05) decrease in serum immobility when compared with the THC control. It can be inferred from this work that an extract of K. africana may elicit spermatogenic, androgenic and libido enhancing activities in THC induced erectile dysfunction in a dosage dependent manner.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Okechukwu-Ezike Ngozika C., Duru Harrison.
Page No : 58-67
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Inclusion of Selected Spices in Wistar Rats Diets: Effects on their Heart Functions.
Abstract
The effects of extracts of Aframomum danielli, rough skin plum and country onion on the heart functions of Albino wistar rats were evaluated. The rats diets were substituted with these spices at 5%, 10% and 15% inclusions, respectively; feeding duration was 28 days. At intervals of 7 days, their blood was taken and analysed for: triglycerides, total serum cholesterol, low density lipoproteins and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, to ascertain the heart functions of the wistar rats.. The values obtained from these tests, showed that the triglyceride, total serum cholesterol and low density cholesterol in the blood of test animals reduced from 180.4mg/dl to 163.87mg/100g, 136.93mg/dl to 130.00mg/dl,77.92mg/dl to 75.74mg/dl, respectively. While the high density lipoproteins cholesterol in the blood of the test animals increased from 24.10mg/dl to 28.73mg/dl. . Despite the increase in the HDL in the blood of the test animals, all the mean concentrations of high density lipoprotein (HDL) obtained in this study were found to be very low as Medline Plus (2007) reported that 60mg/dl or above HDL helps to protect the heart against diseases. Hence, constant use of these spices is recommended to help boost the HDL level and help curb any possible means of heart disease.
| 6 |
Author(s):
Ndjouondo Gildas Parfait, Choula Fridolin, Nwamo Roland Didier, Fotso.
Page No : 68-78
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Diversity of Chlorophyceae in Some Wetlands of Nkwen in the City of Bamenda (North-West Region, Cameroon).
Abstract
Chlorophyceae are one of the classes of green algae, distinguished mainly on the basis of ultra-structural morphology and at the basis of trophic chains. Human activities lead to imbalance of aquatic ecosystems and disappearance of primary producers. The aim of the study was to determine the diversity and distribution of Chlorophyceae in some wetlands of Bamenda. Data collection and samples were taken from June 2023 to May 2024 in all the study sites. The sampling of Chlorophyceae was done using plankton net for phytoplankton, and scrabbing for periphyton. Diversity indices showed significant variations in the different study sites. The species richness amounted to 3 orders divided in 11 families, 13 genera and 22 species. The most dominant family was Chlamydomonadaceae with 5 species; followed by Selenastraceae with 4 species. Chlorophyceae are not more diversified in Nkwen Rivers. They are greatly adaptive and characterized organisms, and may survive in different environmental conditions.
| 7 |
Author(s):
Amina Sulaiman Khalid, Imoru Momodu, Michael Unata Iduh, Bello Shiitu Sirajo , Hauwau Sulaiman Khalid, Halima Isa Wasagu.
Page No : 79-89
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Toxicity Assessment of Ethanol Extract of Saussurea lappa (Costus) Root in Male Wistar Rats.
Abstract
Background and Objective: Saussurea lappa is a medicinal plant used in the treatment of various disease conditions for decades. Researchers have provided diversified characteristics of this medicinal plant, and enormous data about the bioactive compounds and its pharmacological properties. However, information regarding the toxicity study of Saussurea lappa root is lacking. The acute and sub-chronic toxicity of Saussurea lappa root ethanolic extract was investigated in this study using an in vivo model (male Wistar rats).
Materials and Method: the acute toxicity study was done in two phases; phase one was composed of four groups of three rats each which were administered with 50mg, 100mg and 1600mg/kg bodyweight ethanolic extract of S. lappa while the last group (control) were given water and normal fed once. Phase two involves administering 1600mg, 2900mg and 5000mg per body weight. The acute toxicity study determined the plant's median lethal dose. In sub-chronic toxicity studies, the effect of S. lappa root ethanol extract in daily single oral administration at 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg during 28 days was determined. The blood haematological and biochemical parameters, as well as the histopathological examination of the liver and kidneys were studied.
Results: In the acute study, a single administration of the Saussurea lappa root ethanolic extract up to a dose of 5000 mg/kg did not cause mortality of animals all throughout the study. Thus, the median lethal dose (LD50) of Saussurea lappa root ethanolic extract was greater than 5000mg/kg. Saussurea lappa root ethanolic extract caused no significant effects in the haematological and biochemical parameters of the treated groups when compared to the control. There were also no noticeable histological changes in the liver and kidneys of the Saussurea lappa treated rats compared to controls. Conclusion: These results have shown that oral administration of Saussurea lappa root ethanol extract did not yield any significant toxic effect when acutely and daily administered for 28 days in the male Wistar rats. Hence, Saussurea lappa root ethanol extract could be regarded as a safe natural product for therapeutic use.
