| 1 |
Author(s):
Ibrahim E.G., Salami S.J., Gushit J.S., Dalen M.B..
Page No : 1-12
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Physicochemical Properties of Soil from Transformer Installation Sites in Selected Locations in Jos Metropolis, Jos Plateau State
Abstract
The total of twenty soil samples were collected in August 2017 from different Locations of power Installation Station and investigated for physicochemical properties. The result revealed the soil texture to be 75% Sandy loam and 25% sand, the pH of the soil ranges from 5.53-6.42, showing the soil is acidic. Other physicochemical properties show the results of moisture of the soil to be in the range of 3.65-35.62%, total organic carbon 2.06-3.81%, organic matter 3.36-6.62%, Phosphorus 0.5-8.20ppm, Nitrogen 0.06-0.13%, electrical conductivity 3-20µs/cm. For exchangeable bases, Sodium has 0.8-12ppm, Calcium 198-347ppm and Potassium 2-25ppm. Cat ion exchange capacity 2.42-3.00 mMol/100g, exchangeable acidity for hydrogen ion (H+) 1.54-1.70 mMol/100g and Al3+ was no detected.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Mafuyai G. M., Eneji I.S., Sha’Ato R., Nnamonu L.A.
Page No : 13-28
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Heavy Metal Concentration in Soil Irrigated with Ex- Tin Mining Ponds Water, Bokkos L.G.A Plateau State, Nigeria
Abstract
Metal contamination issues are becoming increasingly common in Nigeria and elsewhere, with many documented cases of metal toxicity in mining industries, foundries, smelters, coal-burning power plants and agriculture. The purpose of this study is to analyse for the concentration of selected heavy metal (Pb, Cu, Cd, Zn, Cr, Fe, Mn and As) of the soils on which the crops were grown, using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The following concentrations (mg/Kg) of the metals were found in the soil samples irrigated with tin mining pond water: Pb (45.4 – 58.9), Cu (20.0 – 28.5), Cd (0.77 – 1.21), Zn (35.7 – 53.5), Cr (17.9 – 22.9), Fe (507 – 618), Mn (35.7 – 48.0) and As (68.3 – 137) and in rainy season: Pb (40.2 – 47.3), Cu (21.7 – 29.2), Cd (0.55 – 1.13), Zn (26.5 – 39.3), Cr (5.32 – 9.65), Fe (563 - 584), Mn (52.0 – 71.4) and As (47.5-129). The general trend of the geoaccumulation of metals in both dry and – rainy season is Cd ˃ Cr ˃ Pb ˃ Zn ˃ As ˃ Cu ˃ Fe ˃ Mn and Cd ˃ Pb ˃ Cr ˃ Zn ˃ Cu ˃ Mn ˃ Fe ˃ As, respectively. Soils collected during dry season from the study sites shows sequence of enrichment in descending order as Cd > Cr > Cu > Pb > Fe > Zn ˃ As ˃Mn and Cd > Zn > As > Pb > Cu > Fe ˃ Cr ˃ Mn, The study revealed that tin mining pond water increases the concentration of metals in the soil which are subsequently absorbed by the plants.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Abdullahi Walla Hamisu, G.C. Onyemelukwe, Sume Etapelong Gerald, Isiaka Ayodeji Hassan, Audu Sunday, Audu Idowu, Braka Fiona, Richard Banda, Ajiboye Oyetunji, Alemu W., Adekunle Adeniji, Faisal Shuaib.
Page No : 29-39
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Environmental Surveillance Sweep, Nigeria’s Experience (March-April, 2017)
Abstract
Background: Environmental Surveillance (ES) for polio is assuming a greater relevance as we move closer to a polio-free world. ES involves testing sewage, wastewater or other environmental samples for the presence of poliovirus. Environmental surveillance has been shown to confirm wild and vaccine derived polioviruses even in the absence of human case of paralysis. The resurgence of wild poliovirus (WPV) in Borno state of Nigeria in 2016 was related to insecurity; and Borno bore the most of the brunt of the Boko Haram insurgency in Nigeria. It has now been more than one and a half year since the last WPV was isolated in Borno and the pertinent question is whether poliovirus has been eliminated from Nigeria. Here, we piloted ES sweep, a one-time collection of sewage samples from ES collection sites in partially accessible and inaccessible areas in Borno state from the 15th of March to the 10th of April 2017 to determine whether poliovirus transmission is still ongoing in these areas. Objectives: The main objective of the environmental surveillance sweep is to ascertain whether poliovirus transmission is still ongoing in security compromised areas of Borno state. Methods: Using grab method, one litre of sewage sample was collected per site from 17 of the 27 Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Borno state by four sanitary technicians from the state Ministry of Environment from the 15th of March to the 10th of April 2017. Collected samples were transported in reverse cold chain to Ibadan National Polio laboratory where they were analyzed as per WHO standard operating procedure for environmental surveillance samples. A total of 47 samples were collected over the four weeks’ period. Results: A total of 47 environmental sewage samples were collected from 47 sites in partially accessible and inaccessible areas distributed in 17 LGAs over a period of one month. A total of 35(74.5%) of the samples were negative, 6(12.8%) had Non Polio Enterovirus (NPENT) isolated and 4(8.5%) were Sabin3. We also noted that there was 1(2.1%) Non Enterovirus (NEV) and 1(2.1%) NPENT+ Sabin 3 isolates. Neither WPV nor cVDPV was isolated from the samples.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Cecilia John, Okegye Joseph Kana.
Page No : 40-49
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Mineral Potential Mapping Around Udege Using Remote Sensing And GIS
Abstract
Udege is located in Nasarawa State – Central Nigeria. Remote sensing and GIS was used to explore for potential sites for mineralization and alteration zones associated with mineral deposits. Satellite images as well as digital elevation models to study hydrothermal alteration associated with mineral deposits were used. Image processing techniques such as band rationing, principal component analysis as Ls-ft techniques were used for this study. Results reveal clearly areas of hydrothermal altered deposits of clays, iron oxides and ferric oxides around the study area. The principal component analysis using the Crosta technique also enabled the representation of the altered hydroxyl and iron oxide mineral deposits of the area. Spatial distribution of goethite, haematite and clay minerals were successfully mapped.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Okegye Joseph Kana, Cecilia John.
Page No : 50-61
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Environmental Impact of Heavy Metals Concentration in Parts of Kokona/Nasarawa L.G.A(s), Nasarawa State, North Central Nigeria
Abstract
Geochemical survey was carried out in the soils, mine dump and water of Afu Younger Granite Complex, Nasarawa State. The aim of the study is to assess the level of trace element distribution in the three (3) media sampled as mentioned above. Objectives are to produce geochemical information of the area and the likely effects of the trace elements with remedies. Identify possible source of the trace elements. Atomic absorption, spectrometer (AAS) was used for analysis for seven trace metals – Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb and Ni. The result revealed soil average metal concentration in the following order of decrease. Fe 286.163 > Pb, 0.648 > Co, 0.133 > Cu, 0.080 > Cd, 0.054, > Ni, 0.029 > Ci, 0.017. Mine dump reads as follows in the diminishing order. Fe, 185.590 > Pb, 0.607 > Cu, 0.122 > Co, 0.049 > Ni, 0.031 > Cd, 0.022 > Cr, 0.011 in ppm. Water in the same order reveals; Fe, 1.942 > Co, 0.630 > Pb, 0.512 > Cu 0.043 > Cr, 0.030 = Cd, 0.030 > Ni, 0.003. All the average soil samples of the individual elements are greater than that of mine dumps except for Ni and Cu. All the average trace elements in soil and mine dumps are less than the World Soil Mean (WSM) and Average Concentration of Granitic Rocks (ACGR). In water, Cd, Co, Fe, Ni and Pb are above World Health Organization (WHO) Standard, World River Mean (WRM), Cr and Cu are lower.
| 6 |
Author(s):
Mfoniso A. Enoh, Francis I. Okeke, Chukwudi Andy Okereke.
Page No : 62-70
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Geospatial Risk Assessment and Modelling of Natural Hydrocarbon Seepage in Ugwueme
Abstract
The aim of this study is to use geospatial technology to model and access the risks caused by natural occurring hydrocarbon seepage in Ugwueme town, Enugu State Nigeria. To this end, the hydrocarbon seepage hazard and vulnerability model maps of Ugwueme were created and superimposed, by using the ArcGIS 10.5 software to produce the final resultant risk assessment model map. The risk assessment model map was re – classed into four assessment zones as: severe risk, high risk, medium risk and low risk. The result of the study shows that 47.93% and 22.16% of the total area of Ugwueme are classified as severe and high risk areas, due to hydrocarbon seepage while 10.15% and 19.76% are considered as medium and low risk areas respectively. The study concludes that from the final risk assessment model map, Ugwueme is prone to severe risk due to hydrocarbon seepages as more than 70% of the study area is exposed to severe risk and high risks while less than 30% is prone to medium and low risks. Sequel to the findings, the study recommends good land use planning as a vital way to reduce the adverse effects of hydrocarbon seepage in Ugwueme. Thus, town planners and the necessary authorities should adopt an appropriate land use development plan in areas of hydrocarbon seepage within Ugwueme.
| 7 |
Author(s):
Okere S.G., Joseph F.N., Amuzie C.C.
Page No : 71-76
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Endo-Parasitic Helminths of Amphibians, Ptychadena mascareniensis and Ptychadena pumilio at Rumuji-Emohua, Rivers State, Nigeria
Abstract
Scientific publications on helminth parasites of amphibians in Rivers State, Nigeria are increasing, greatly. However, there has been a dearth of research from Rumuji-Emohua, only one report has been published. This research was aimed at investigating the parasitic helminth community of Ptychadena species from that location in order to add to the growing body of literature. Two host species P. mascareniensis and P. pumilio were examined. They were collected from the wild in the wet seasons of the months of June and July, 2018, using nets, euthanized in benzocaine and dissected for the isolation of parasites. Fifty-seven hosts were examined, and comprised of 21 P. mascareniensis and 36 P. pumilio. Nine parasite species including monogeneans, digeneans, cestodes and nematodes were recovered from the infected hosts. The nematodes, Chabaudus leberrei and Cosmocerca ornata occurred in greater prevalence rates (69.4 - 71.4% and 39.0 - 47.6%, respectively) than other parasites which was accounted for by their transmission modes. In comparison with reports of similar species from Ogoni, about the same parasite species were recovered from these hosts in both locations, however, at higher prevalence rates in hosts from Ogoni. It is reported that Ptychadena species offer a similar host-parasite system across habitats and this can be used for inferences in parasite diversity or environmental parasitology studies.
| 8 |
Author(s):
Edward Moore, Godwin Udom, Nnaemeka Ngobiri.
Page No : 77-86
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Assessment and Impact of Current Sewage Disposal Practices in Selected Niger Delta Environment
Abstract
The current waste disposal practice and its impact was studied in selected part of the Niger Delta, Sombrero River, Igbu-ehuda community. Field visits and analysis of biological and physiochemical parameters were used to ascertain the sewage disposal practice and its impact respectively. The findings from the visits show random and open disposal of sewage into the Sombrero River. While the physiochemical parameters indicted slight negative impact. The biological parameters showed serious negative impact attributed to the open defecation into the river. The poor sewage disposal practice was attributed to poverty while its high negative impact on water from the community bore hole was attributed to open defecation into the river and the high water table of the Niger Delta.
