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Author(s):
Oguora Mmesoma Cynthia.
Page No : 1-8
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Foreign Debt and Economic Development in Nigeria (2015 – 2020)
Abstract
This study carried out an empirical analysis of foreign debt and economic development in Nigeria covering the period 2015 – 2020. The study used an ex post facto research design, which is based on examining the independent and dependent variables after events have already occurred and using data that is already available in order to determine the relationship between the variables. In order to gather data for this study, a documentary method based on the examination of documents and materials was used. Documentary methods are the procedures used to classify, examine, and analyze documents, whether they are in the public or private domain. To analyze the data generated from this study, the study relied on qualitative descriptive analysis. The major findings of the study are that there are other intervening variables that affect economic growth in addition to health and poverty indicators, external debt is viewed as being harmful to a nation's ability to advance economically, and given the impact of debt to the living standard of the Nigeria people, health expenditure on economics, it could be deduced that even though health expenditure increases, it could have a negligible impact on economic growth if it is not maximized effectively to produce improved health outcomes. It is therefore the recommendation of the study that government should diversify the nation's export base so as to increase export earnings and promote industrialization in order to reduce import dependency as a high exchange rate will make our goods more attractive in the foreign market and will increase foreign exchange earnings.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Dr. C. O. Okwelum.
Page No : 9-27
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Nigerian National Question and State Sponsorship of Terrorism in Igbo
Abstract
The Igbos in eastern Nigeria are stigmatised and marginalised. Since the last war, every effort has been made to shortchange them. Their desire to be welcomed back into the mainstream of the federal state system has always been rebuffed. The return to civil rule in 1999 even accentuated the marginalisation than bringing it to bail. They then took back to separatist agitation which is familiar terrain for the Igbo. But the Igbo still have found no respite. The Federal government of Buhari which the Igbo had never supported or voted for in the previous elections of 2007, 2011, 2015 and 2019 schemed to infiltrate the Igbo with the virus of herdsmen and terrorist incursions. The resistance of the Igbo still rattles and aggravated the Buhari state characterizing the Igbo as ‘a dot on a circle’. This Study which employs the doctrinal method looks critically into the motive behind insurgency and terrorism in the Igbo of the southeast. It finds that genuine security structures which Igbo have put in place to secure the southeast heartland are being undermined by both the Federal and the State governments. They are viewed within the suspicious spectrum of separatist agitation while those instituted and used by the State are destabilising Ndigbo, prevaricating and inducing more bloodshed in Igbo. It concludes that genuine efforts should be made by the Federal government to reconcile with the Igbo and come away from the pre-war disposition of the Nigerian state against the Igbo.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Ekanem Ekanem Asukwo (Ph.D), Nnaji Emmanuel Onyemaechi , Kefas Iramae Nathaniel.
Page No : 28-50
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Ansaru and its Islamic Radicalization in the Lake Chad Basin
Abstract
This study aimed at exploring the dynamics of Ansaru’s movement as it affected Lake Chad Basin. The study adopted descriptive design that depended on the Judgmental Sampling technique. Secondary sources (books, journal articles, monographs, conference papers, including internet materials) of data collection were sourced form Nigerian libraries and internet. These documentary materials were subjected to content validation before analyzing the study in the qualitative form. Notwithstanding the fact that frustration-aggression theory has deepened the understanding of the Islamic radicalization in the Lake Chad Basin, Ansaru’s insurgency continues unabated. Findings revealed that economic factors, religious ideology and weak institutions triggered the motivation for Ansaru’s Islamic radicalization in the Lake Chad Basin. The religious movement has led to insecurity, human rights abuses, humanitarian and economic crisis. Member states of Lake Chad Basin had adopted hard and soft approaches, while the United States, France, United Kingdom, China and Israel had rendered assistance towards mitigating the extremism though with little success. The study recommends good governance, strong institutions, ideological re-orientation and international cooperation as panacea for the Ansaru’s Islamic radicalization in the Lake Chad Basin.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Semiu Ayinla Alayande (Ph.D), Ankeli Uchechi C..
Page No : 51-61
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Time Series Analysis of Crime Rate in Osun State Nigeria Using Skellam Garch(1,1) Models
Abstract
The manifestation of urban crime and other social vices causing anti-moral, anti-social behaviours as well as criminal damage to both public and private properties in Nigeria with the consequential effect of spontaneous and uncontrollable urban growth, high-level poverty rate, distortion of city peace and tranquillity has become an issue of national discourse. The paper employed ARCH and Skellam GARCH models to forecast the likely crime rate trend within the next five years. The Skellam-GARCH model performs better as a crime forecasting model than the ARCH model.
| 5 |
Author(s):
William Hermann Arrey (Ph.D).
Page No : 62-76
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The Impact of the Theory of Liberalism on the United Nations’ and African Union’s Approach to Global Peace and Security
Abstract
This article presents a critical analysis of the impact (influence) of the theory of liberalism on the United Nations’ (UN) and Africa Union’s (AU) approach to global peace and security. There are various and sometimes conflicting theories of international relations relating to how world politics functions, including international and regional peace and security. Which theory of international relations and peace would explain the United Nations' role in promoting worldwide peace and security, as well as the African Union's role in promoting regional peace and security within the African continent? Even though this question is difficult to answer and no single theory can fully capture the complexities surrounding the issues at hand, this article contends that the liberal peace framework has had a profound influence on the creation of the United Nations and the African Union, as well as their roles in international and regional peace and security. To this purpose, the study adopts a qualitative critical research strategy with secondary data collection and analytical approaches which comprise characterizing, thematizing, and contextualizing the topic at hand. The paper explains how liberalism influenced the essential thinking, values and norms, institutional legitimacy and mandate. It also conceptualizes and operationalizes peace and security concerns at the UN and AU. This is tied to UN-led global action which, when paired with the AU's considerable continental role, illustrates liberalism's impact in terms of laws, conventions, principles, and practices, facilitating cooperative peacebuilding efforts. Despite some critical theoretical and practical shortcomings, this paper argues that liberalism is still essential to achieving the UN’s and AU's, agenda for global peace and security.
| 6 |
Author(s):
Magnus Chijindu Onyemaobi, Ogu Esomchi Chris-Sanctus, Elias Chukwuemeka Ngwu.
Page No : 77-90
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State Repression and Militarization of Secessionist Movement in Southeast Nigeria
Abstract
The advent of democratic regime in Nigeria coupled with its principles of freedom of speech, expression, and association, spark up the rebirth of the Biafra secessionist movements in the southeast geopolitical zone. Such groups like the Movement or Actualisation of Sovereign State of Biafra (MASSOB), the Biafra Zionist Federation (BZF), and the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) have stepped up struggles for the actualization of the sovereign state of Biafra through protests and other forms of social mobilization. The protests have triggered tension and heightened insecurity, with the security agencies often applying excessive force to quell the protests. The extant literature is awash with narratives regarding the recent upsurge and persistent centrifugal demands by pro-Biafra secessionists, fifty years after the Nigerian civil war; scholars agreed that Nigeria state has at one time or the other applied repressive measures to quell secessionist agitations in southeast Nigeria, this in turn have led to increased militarization of these separatist agitations. But none have concretely showed how state repression have aggravated this secessionist agitation in southeast Nigeria. This work is guided by one research questions: How is state repression implicated in the increased militarization of secessionist agitation in southeast Nigeria? This is qualitative research that made use of the Expo-facto research design. Data was collected through secondary sources and analyzed using content analysis and the Gellnerian theory of nation and nationalism. Our findings showed that state repression is to a great extent implicated in the increased militarization of secessionist agitations in southeast Nigeria. Our recommendation was the government should be proactive towards secessionist movements, and instead of the use of force, should adopt a non-kinetic method in tackling such cases, to avoid further militarization of these agitations in southeast Nigeria. Government should also ensure that every ethnic group is included and build the spirit of a nation-state in every citizen.
| 7 |
Author(s):
Oyekola Martins Adewale, Adewuyi Gbola Kehinde.
Page No : 91-110
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Analysis of Police Personnel to Population Growth in Five Urban Local Government Areas in Ibadan Metropolis: A Panacea for Crime Free Environment
Abstract
Adequate policing to the society enhances free crime and sustainable environment. This study analyses the Availability of Police Personnel to Population Growth of Persons in Five Urban Local Government Areas of Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria with the purpose of determining the ratio of police personnel’s 2023 to 2023 population of persons’ for the study areas using Malthus Population Growth Model (Exponential Growth Equation). Police personnel’s data were acquire from the Police Divisional Headquarters, Eleyele, Ibadan, Nigeria. The geographic coordinates used to depict the distribution of police stations in each of the five urban local government areas was obtained from Grid3 Nigeria and processed using ArcGIS 10.4. The results revealed an accelerated increase in population in the study area. The results from this study however showed that the ratio of police personnel to population of persons does not meet up with the United Nation’s recommended ratio of 1:450. Generally, from the results, it showed that with the 2023 estimated population growth of 2,014,279 from 1,343,147 in 2006, and the required number of police personnel compared to the number obtained in 2023 from the police headquarters, as well as the number of police stations available, there is a need for the federal government in collaboration with the state government to take necessary actions and preventive control in the study areas so as to avoid constant criminal activities.
