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Author(s):
Editor in Chief.
Page No :
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African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research, Volume 7 Issue 2, Cover Page
Abstract
African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research, Volume 7 Issue 2, Cover Page
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Author(s):
Tandiwe Mutede (Ph.D.), William Chakabwata (Ph.D.).
Page No : 1-19
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Value Addition of Recyclable Solid Waste Materials: The Case of Namibia
Abstract
Solid waste recycling is an important component of sustainable economic development. Research indicates that the growing need for raw materials and the difficulties associated with managing solid waste have led to the development of recycling as a rational strategy for advancing sustainability in the twenty-first century. While value-addition processes are highlighted in various research on solid waste management carried out in Namibia and other parts of southern Africa the focus has been on single waste streams, actors industry, waste reduction options or recommendations on recycling processing systems. This paper aims to highlight value chains of a variety of recyclable materials in the Namibian recycling industry an endeavour which may assist policymakers in understanding how the industry can contribute to sustainable industrial growth and employment creation. The study was a descriptive case study design, which was qualitative. Results indicate that in Namibia recycling industry processes a wide range of recyclable products such as plastic, paper and glass bottles. Except for plastic, the value addition of recovered materials was limited to the pre-processing stage. The full growth of the industry is still to be realised. Policy and intervention programs should promote more value addition in raw materials in the country as a whole considering the benefits to sustainable economic growth.
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Author(s):
Wisdom Chidiebere Obioha.
Page No : 20-36
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Adapting Theories of Pro-environmental Behaviours to Environmental Activism: A Review of Relevant Theoretical Frameworks
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to review relevant environmental and behavioural theories relating to pro-environmental behaviours and to particularly propose their adaptation to environmental activism. Environmental activism, which refers to advocating and participating in environmental actions and behaviours to foster a sustainable environment, is largely understudied in Africa. By reviewing theories that can potentially explain why individuals may engage in or advocate for environmental actions, this study seeks to revive the interest of African researchers in issues relating to pro-environmental behaviours and, in particular, environmental activism. Theories help to expand understanding of any given phenomena. They can safely be referred to as the social scientist’s guide to social investigations as they greatly help in pioneering, predicting, expanding, and critiquing knowledge. The theories reviewed in this study include the Value Belief Norm Theory, Protection Motivation Theory, Health Belief Model, Theory of Planned Behaviour, and the Direct and Buffering Hypothesis of Social Support. This review paper concludes that for a more nuanced understanding of environmental activism and pro-environmental behaviours at large, integration and adaptation of several theories are necessary as they will collectively provide detailed insights into possible remedies for the human and technology-induced environmental issues that plague the world, especially Africa as a continent.
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Author(s):
Iyobhebhe Itohan, Haruna Ajiya Mbaya.
Page No : 37-47
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The Efficiency of Management Control Systems: Does Implementing Management Control Systems Affect How Well a Company Performs?
Abstract
The research investigated the potential positive correlation between Management Control Systems with profitability and innovation. The research utilizes quantitative methodologies, using survey designs to administer a structured questionnaire to respondents at the headquarters of the Coca-Cola bottling company in Lagos, Nigeria. The location and firm were chosen by judgmental sampling, whereas the questionnaire was distributed through convenience sampling. The sample size of 109 respondents was determined using the Yamane (1967) approach from a population of 150 individuals selected randomly. After examining the collected data using linear regression and multivariate analysis, the study revealed Management Control Systems positively correlates with profitability and innovation. Based on these results, it is advised that businesses prioritize creating and deploying efficient management control systems (MCS) policies that expressly focus on improving profitability and stimulating innovation.
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Author(s):
Zenzo Lusaba Dube, Shamiso Zirabada.
Page No : 48-65
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Barriers to the Participation of Persons with Disabilities in Rural Local Governance: The Case of Bikita District, Zimbabwe
Abstract
The paper was qualitative and inductive through the interpretivist’s paradigm. It sought to access the barriers to the participation of persons with disabilities (PwDs) in Bikita’s local governance in Zimbabwe. Data collection was through key informant interviews (KIIs), focus group discussions (FDGs) and observations. The KIIs targeted the chiefs, headman, councillors, state actors and Zimbabwe’s Association for the Visually Handicapped whereas the FDGs included the disabled and the non-disabled. The sampling was purposive. The human rights-based approach as espoused in the critical disability theory framed the empirical. The paper unearthed that Bikita Rural District Council structures were not disability inclusive. PwDs were marginalised in local governance/development processes. This led to higher incidences of abject poverty. The paper charged that the lack of inclusivity is in itself discriminatory. It argued that the drive towards inclusivity should include inter alia disability-mainstreaming, provision of disability-accessible information and disability awareness campaigns.
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Author(s):
Olawale James Olaogun.
Page No : 66-76
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The Experiences and Challenges Of LGBTQ+ Individuals in Accessing Social Work Practices in Nigeria
Abstract
LGBTQ persons (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer) in several countries of the world including Nigeria have been identified to be repeatedly confronted with sexual profiling, otherwise known as stigmatization. Due to the absence of legal recognition for homosexual relationships in the Nigerian constitution, marginalized communities in this context lack the privilege of freely forming social connections with others in society, unlike their heterosexual counterparts. This paper provided a comprehensive analysis of scholarly literature investigating the experiences and challenges encountered by LGBTQ individuals in their physical and social environments. The study adopted a combination of philosophical methods. The analytical method was used to examine and define key terms; the speculative method was employed to gain insights into the challenges and experiences faced by these marginalized communities, as well as the impacts they have on them while the prescriptive method was utilized to propose strategies to address and alleviate the situation. The paper contended that the exclusion of these individuals from the nation's quota system may result in the loss of talented individuals to addiction, depression, or suicide.
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Author(s):
Festus A. Ugwu (Ph.D), Chijioke E. Ohuakanwa (Ph.D).
Page No : 77-87
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Perceived Problems and Coping Strategies of Retirees in Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria
Abstract
This study focused on some perceived problems of retirees in the Nsukka local government area of Enugu state and the strategies they adopted in coping with retirement. A descriptive survey was the design of the study. The population of the study comprised 3,000 retired males and females from nine towns that make up the Nsukka local government area, while the sample was 132 males and 148 females totaling 280 retirees as the sample. A simple random sampling technique was adopted with 31 from each of the nine towns except Nsukka town with 32 retirees. Two research questions were raised and two hypotheses for the study were tested at a 0.05 level of significance. The instrument for data collection was a researchers’ designed rating titled “retirees’ related problems and coping strategies rating scale”. The instrument was in three clusters to elicit information from the retirees on perceived problems they face and strategies they adopt to cope with the retirement problems to generate data analyzed using simple percentage mean and t-test statistics. Findings among others, showed that retirees in the Nsukka local government area have problems with low savings to sustain themselves after retirement. They also suffer problems of low self-esteem, being insulted by members of society, being deserted by old friends and non-payment of retirement benefits by the government. Based on the findings, it was recommended that there should be adequate information concerning the utilisation of available coping strategies for retirees. It was also recommended that the Nigerian government pay attention to the plight of retirees and pay them regularly their retirement benefits.
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Author(s):
Mzoli Mavimbela, Zurina Abdulla (Ph.D.), Zoleka Soji (Prof.), Thanduxolo Nomngcoyiya (Prof.).
Page No : 88-109
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The Views of Amakrwala on the Usage of Umqombothi and Commercial Alcohol during the Initiation Ceremonies
Abstract
Alcohol has been used in many African countries like Tanzania and Kenya to celebrate important cultural ceremonies for many decades. In the context of amaXhosa, they use both umqombothi (traditional beer) and different types of brandy to celebrate ulwaluko (initiation process). The use of umqombothi and commercial alcohol by initiates during the initiation is integral to the initiation process of amaXhosa. This paper therefore presents the findings on the views of amakrwala (new initiates) on the usage of umqombothi and commercial alcohol during the initiation ceremonies. A qualitative research approach was employed using an exploratory-descriptive and contextual design sampling 16 amaXhosa young men between the ages of 18 to 24 years who recently graduated from ulwaluko. Semi-structured telephonic interviews were conducted. Themes such as different rituals practiced by amaXhosa, meaning of umqombothi and commercial alcohol use, and recommendations based on alcohol usage in ulwaluko by amakrwala emerged in the study. Both umqombothi and brandy use during ulwaluko was viewed as good practice by amakrwala. However, they emphasised that guidelines should be put in place to monitor responsible drinking. Based on these findings, it can be concluded and recommended that there should be guidelines on who, how and when alcohol should be used during the initiation ceremonies, and for what purposes.
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Author(s):
Agnes Edem Bassey (Ph.D.), Ezekiel Maurice (Ph.D.), Ben Odigbo (Ph.D.), Abdullahi Samuel, Goodluck Ndubuisi Iwuchukwu, Ene Faith Agbo.
Page No : 110-120
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Role of Social Marketing in Averting Harmful Traditional Practices Concerning Covid-19 Pandemic
Abstract
The study investigates using social marketing tools to avert harmful traditional practices concerning the COVID-19 pandemic in Cross River State, Nigeria. Some of these practices were religiosity, where the majority of people prefer going to pray in church instead of taking COVID-19 preventive measures, and food taboos, where certain foods, such as excess salt intake, were also believed to be the best. 367 respondents were sampled from a population of 3,798. After distributing the questionnaire, 329 were found usable, and analysis was done using simple linear regression. The results showed that combining social marketing tools was insignificant in averting harmful religious practices concerning COVID-19. Instead, a personalized communication approach, which is an aspect of social marketing (promotion) should be adopted to sensitize religious leaders to correct false impressions about religiosity and food aiming to improve health, the environment, and society at large.
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Author(s):
Ele Augustine Augustine (Ph.D.), Ekpenyong Bassey Obo (Ph.D.), Okongo Nsor John (Ph.D.), Eneh Sunday Isaac (Ph.D.), Arikpo Nneoyi Nana.
Page No : 121-136
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Effects of Conflict Management Strategies on Employees’ Performance in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of conflict management strategies on employees’ performance in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar. The study employed survey research design in order to utilize a structured questionnaire in the collection of data for analysis. The population for the study was five hundred and fifty (550). The sample size for the study was two hundred and twenty six (226) using Krejcie and Morgan table of 1970. The hypothesis was tested and analyzed using a simple linear regression analysis model applying a statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23. The study found that there are positive effects of conflict avoidance strategy on employees’ performance of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar. There is a significant effect of conflict collaboration strategy on employees’ commitment to goals achievement. There is a significant relationship between conflict accommodation strategy and employees’ motivation. There is also a significant conflict mediation strategy on employees’ involvement in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar. Based on the findings, the study recommended that management of organizations or institutions should monitor and intervene on issues that can lead to conflicts in order to enhance employees’ performance by adopting avoidance strategies. Management should employ a collaboration strategy or approach of win-win method of conflict resolution in order to enhance employees’ commitment. Management should also attend to conflicting situations as urgently as possible in order to avoid those factors that can hinder employees’ motivation and commitment to goal achievement. Management should also use a mediator in resolving conflicts on a continuous basis.
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Author(s):
Virginia Nkechi Okeke.
Page No : 137-147
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Effect of Gender on Office Technology and Management (OTM) Students’ Academic Achievement and Retention in Record Management in Polytechnics in Anambra State, Nigeria
Abstract
The study determined the effect of gender on office technology and management (OTM) students’ academic achievement and retention in record management in polytechnics in Anambra State, Nigeria. The study was quasi-experimental research which specifically used the pretest, posttest nonequivalent control group design. The population of the study was 6,213 Ordinary National Diploma (OND) and Higher National Diploma (HND) offering OTM in Federal Polytechnic Oko, Anambra State and the sample size was 347 OTM students. The instrument for data collection was Record Management Achievement Test (RMAT) extracted from second year OND AND HND past questions from 2019-2023. RMAT was administered to OTM students in both experimental and control groups. Test-retest method was used to establish the reliability of the instrument and data were analyzed with Pearson Product Moment Correlation coefficient which yielded 0.86. Mean was used to answer the research questions while analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to test the hypotheses. The SPSS version 21.0 was used for analysis. Findings revealed that male performed better than their female counterparts in record management and also there is no statistically significant difference on the pretest and posttest mean retention scores of male and female office technology and management students’ in record management. Based on the results and discussions of the findings of the study, the researchers are pertinent that students’ academic achievements in record management are not influenced by gender. It was therefore recommended among others, that record management teachers should endeavor to give female and male students equal opportunities in the classroom.
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Author(s):
Bassey Manasseh Edidem (Ph.D.), Akingbade Babajide Olufemi.
Page No : 148-165
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Effects of Globalization on Third World Development: The Nigerian Experience
Abstract
The study examines globalization and its effects on third world development with emphasis on the Nigerian state. The growing global economy was fastened mostly by information technology, international trade, culture, political, and social activities across the globe. It has no doubt created a global dual phenomenon where third world countries continued to experience economic and political development at the expense of western world. Thus, third world countries are fully incorporated into the global capitalist economy but the accrued benefits are not evenly distributed. Globalization is another form of colonization of third world countries achieved through the use of exploitative instruments like World Trade Organization (WTO), International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank, multinational corporations and other international financial institutions in order to capture the world in the name of globalization. These aforementioned instruments in the name of globalization are diversionary and plausible because there is no country in the world that is in the process of development as a result of globalization or that has developed as a product of globalization. The pro-globalizers deceive third world countries, that globalization is a path to development in which all third world countries are supposed to follow in order to become developed. Nigeria, in the current wind of globalization remains a clientele economy in the competitive global market. The study adopts documentary research methods and relied majorly on secondary data and modernisation theory was adopted as the theoretical foundation of the study. The study revealed that underdevelopment in Nigeria resulted from the negative effects of globalization are to explore the political impacts of globalization and imposition of foreign rule in Nigeria, to explore the economic impacts of globalization and unequal terms of trade in Nigeria and to identify the role of Nigeria as giant of Africa in global markets. The study, however suggest economic diversification and exportable capacity of the third world economy in the global market, regulation of international capitalist structure through applicability of market friendly policies devoid of stringent market policies placed on third world countries by the developed countries and Improving bank regulations of the third world countries nations banks are well regulated to their boost economic growth. The study concludes that there is interconnectedness between globalization and development in Nigeria, which in turn increases the rate of unemployment of masses and hinders political and economic development in Nigeria.
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Author(s):
Olabode Agunbiade (Ph.D.).
Page No : 166-181
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Insecurity and Nigeria’s Socio-Economic Development
Abstract
Many scholars have identified insecurity in Nigeria as one of the major reasons for the country’s continuous under-development. This paper analyses the effects of insecurity on the socioeconomic development of Nigeria, with the main objective of proffering policy solutions to address insecurity challenge that has almost brought the county to her knees and stunted her development. The paper adopted the Conflict theory propounded by Karl Marx as the theoretical framework to interrogate the causes of insecurity and the effects on various aspects of the Nigerian socioeconomic system. The study employed qualitative research methods to critically assess the relationship between insecurity and Nigeria’s socioeconomic development. It is theoretically based, with the use of secondary data, using in-depth explanatory analysis that produced results with understanding, meanings and views. The study identified severe unemployment, endemic poverty, ethno-religious conflicts, corruption, deprivation, inequalities and small arms and light weapons proliferation as the major causes of the unending insecurity challenge in Nigeria. These have led to population displacement, social dislocation, depression and trauma among the people, declining health situation, worsening school attendance, food insecurity and lack of foreign investment. The study recommended that governments at all levels should implement policies that will ensure serious reductions in unemployment rate, poverty and general inequality, by providing infrastructures and the enabling environment that will encourage entrepreneurs and small-scale industries to thrive, revamp the country’s entire security architecture, strengthen border security, tackle the proliferation of firearms, improve the legal system, among many others.
Key words: Insecurity, socioeconomic development, conflict theory, small arms and light weapons, Nigeria.
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Author(s):
Bassey, Andrew Ubong.
Page No : 182-196
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Public Perception of African Independent Television “Democracy Today” Programme on the Promotion of Nigeria’s Democracy
Abstract
The significance of television as a mobilisation medium is widely acknowledged on a global scale. African Independent Television's (AIT) "Democracy Today" programme holds a prominent position as a political, social, and economic show and is considered one of the flagship programs on Nigerian television. This study aims to explore the public perception of AIT's "Democracy Today" programme in its role in promoting Nigeria's democracy. Drawing on media dependency theory, agenda setting theory, and the psychological theory of perception, the research used a survey research design, employing an availability sampling technique to distribute 400 questionnaires among residents of the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria. The findings revealed that participants were familiar with and exposed to the "Democracy Today" programme, and data indicated that they believed the programme had a positive impact on Nigeria's democratic development. Moreover, the study found that a majority of participants comprehended the content aired on the "Democracy Today" programme. The research in conclusion posits that the opinions of Abuja residents regarding the development of the country's democracy have been significantly influenced by AIT's "Democracy Today" programme. The study recommends the initiation of more programmes similar to "Democracy Today" by broadcast stations in Nigeria, emphasising the potential for broadening Nigerians' knowledge about the country's democratic journey.
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Author(s):
Kenneth Nwomanogbo O. Enyubara (Ph.D.), Patricia Tamunoibi Miller (Ph.D.).
Page No : 197-208
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Using Logotherapy as a Counselling Model in Helping the Existentially Emotionally Depressed Christian
Abstract
Logotherapy is a term derived from logos, a Greek word that translates to ‘meaning.’ It is a therapy defined as treatment of a disorder, illness, or maladjustment. It was developed by Viktor Frankl and was founded on the belief that human nature is motivated by the search for a life purpose, the pursuit of that meaning for one’s life. As a therapy of meaning it is very akin to religion. Frankl, the founder of logotherapy, was actually raised in a Jewish family and used his faith to cope with many hardships during life. His therapeutic technique led people to discover their meaning, the higher purpose in their lives.
It focuses on the meaning of human existence as well as on man’s search for such a meaning. Logotherapy is very suitable for pastoral care and counselling, for its method is similar to the belief in God or a higher power; it facilitates changes through deep spiritual, emotional and physical awareness. It is a therapeutic method that allows for the deepening of faith and beliefs that ultimately results in a strong commitment to God at the same time promotes sound ethical moral community society.
This paper does not intend to make logotherapy a panacea for all psychic problems but a suggestible counselling model for use by pastors and Christian educators: for helping the existentially frustrated and emotionally depressed, since all problems are logotherapeutically created. There is no doubt that most members are bedeviled with emotional depression which has effect on their commitments to God through the church. The calling of the Master, Jesus Christ, is for the pastor to equip the saints; so they may be about the ministry in the world.
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Author(s):
Deb Prasad Sikdar, Sonu Halder.
Page No : 209-223
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Evolvement and Consequences of Ragging in Indian Education System
Abstract
Ragging is a prevalent issue in Indian educational institutions, with new junior students often being harassed by senior students. This phenomenon began in the seventh or eighth century A.D. and escalated into violent tendencies in the 1980s due to media influence. By the 1990s, it had reached its peak in South India, leading to many students committing suicide. The Indian Supreme Court outlawed ragging in 2001, but some cases persist. In 2009, the Supreme Court ordered all educational institutions to adhere to anti-ragging laws, following the tragic death of Aman Kachru. The UGC has formulated regulations to curb ragging in higher education institutions, and various states have taken steps to prevent and make educational institutions ragging-free. The study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the history, negative effects, and steps taken by the Indian government to address ragging in educational institutions.
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Author(s):
Udeh Celestine Ochu (Ph.D.), Odey Clarence Odey (Ph.D.), Juluku Nathan Aondongu, Omenka Job Alobo, Bassey Chijioke Davidson.
Page No : 224-243
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The Anti-Open Grazing Policy and Farmers-Herders’ Conflicts in Benue State, Nigeria
Abstract
This study examines anti-open grazing policy and farmers-herders’ conflicts in Benue State, in order to ascertain the extent, the law was able to ameliorate the persisted farmers-herders’ conflicts and restores peace in the state. The study was anchored on the theory of structural functionalism as its analytical compass of study. The study adopted documentary method of data collection, content analysis for analysing data generated through secondary sources. It revealed that the prohibition of movement of livestock on foot, prohibition of firearms and the establishment of ranches by anti-open grazing policy ameliorated farmers-herders’ conflicts in Benue State. We recommended amongst other things, that Benue State Government should partner with the Federal Government, security agencies and neighbouring states in the fight against killer herdsmen by introducing more stifling policies, programme and workshops capable of stimulating peace, love, tranquillity and respect for human life in the state.
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Author(s):
Muhammad Zidan Nur Rahman, Nawiroh Vera.
Page No : 244-251
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Podcasts “Depan Pintu” as a Tool for Political Literacy in the Digital Era
Abstract
In Indonesia, social media holds significant sway in the political landscape due to its broad outreach. It also serves as a tool for fostering political awareness and education. This study focuses on evaluating how 'Podcast Depan Pintu' contributes towards attaining this objective within the digital era by using qualitative means such as content analysis of podcast episodes and observing related interactions through social media channels. Analysis shows that among millennials and Gen Z listeners, ‘Podcast Depan Pintu’ has been successful in enhancing their comprehension of current affairs with respect to politics owing partly to insightful guest speakers sharing expert opinions while creating inventive ways for diving deeper into ongoing issues via active engagement across various online platforms.
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Author(s):
Uchenna Kalu Agwu, Cyprien Nkoma, Boaventura Sapalo Cordeiro, Lawrence R. Machogu, Tanoh Firmin Koffi, Daniel Nyangoya , Stephen Asatsa (Ph.D.).
Page No : 252-264
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Dreams and Grief Process in Selected Communities in Africa.
Abstract
Death is as old as life itself. The unpredictable psychological feeling called grief is usually accompanied by emotional setbacks such as anxiety, depression, insomnia, and yearning. Within these emotions also lie the reality of dreaming about the deceased. Thus, this study aimed to assess the role of dreams in grief process among selected communities in Africa and was guided by Nyerere’s philosophy of Ujamaa. The study used a phenomenological design with a sample size of 31 respondents from the Igbo (Nigeria), Tabwa (Democratic Republic of Congo), Muganda (Angola), Agni Morofoue (Cote D’ivoire), Luo (Kenya) and Gusii (Kenya) cultures. The results of the study were interpreted using content analysis. The findings showed that dreams served the roles of comfort, encouragement, warning, revelation, and spiritual presence during grief process. The results also showed that dream images can be interpreted in three ways; positively, negatively or altered image interpretation, each having its emotional effects. Prayers, purification, libations, and ritualistic sacrifices are some of the communal healing techniques for dreams having a negative image interpretation. The study therefore recommends that detailed analysis be combined with empathetic intuition and creative imagination in dream interpretation as many African communities place great importance on dreams.
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Author(s):
Akinola Adedoyin Temilade, Adekile Adewumi Adejumoke.
Page No : 265-277
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The Impact of Brain Drain and Unemployment on Economic Growth in Nigeria.
Abstract
Economic growth, which is the consistent rise in national income or output, which mostly entails an expansion of an economy's flow of goods and services—determines a country's capacity to withstand fierce competition on the international market. The main objective of this study is to examine the impact of brain drain and unemployment on economic growth in Nigeria. This study is anchored on neoclassical micro theory. This study examines the impact of brain drain and unemployment on economic growth in Nigeria by using the ordinary least square method. As regards the first objective, the study discovered that the major cause of brain drain in Nigeria is poor remuneration which is rampant in professions in Nigeria. Regarding the second objective, the study found out that brain drain is detrimental to the economic growth in Nigeria. As regards the third objective, the study found out that brain drain and unemployment hinders economic growth in Nigeria. The emigration of skilled professionals from Nigeria, poses a dangerous risk that can undermine the government's efforts to develop the country. This study would contribute to the wealth of literature by examining the moderating effect of unemployment on the nexus between brain drain and economic growth.
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Author(s):
Blessing Kwaghdoo Shikaa .
Page No : 278-284
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Mood Systems in the Movie Speech by Steve Biko in the “Cry Freedom”.
Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the mood types and their speech functions in the dialogue of Steve Biko in the movie "Cry Freedom." Utilising descriptive analysis as the primary methodological approach, the study systematically examines Biko's speech to uncover the distribution and implications of different mood types. The research methodology involved obtaining the transcribed speech, collecting clauses, identifying mood types, and drawing conclusions based on the findings. Results indicate the presence of 12 interrogative clauses and 23 declarative clauses, highlighting the prevalence of interrogation and assertion in Biko's discourse. Notably, imperative clauses were absent, reflecting the unique context of the speech within a courtroom setting. The analysis of interrogative clauses reveals a probing and challenging exchange, while declarative clauses convey assertions and affirmations. Overall, the study sheds light on the rhetorical strategies employed by Biko and underscores the significance of mood analysis in understanding persuasive communication within the movie's narrative.
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Author(s):
Tandiwe Mutede (Ph.D.).
Page No : 285-297
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Proposed Integrated Solid Waste Recycling Model in Namibia.
Abstract
This article presents a proposed recycling model in Namibia as a way of enhancing solid waste recycling. Scrap metal, plastic, paper, glass, electronic waste, and aluminum cans are recycled materials in Namibia. Face to face interviews, document evidence and site observations were used to qualitatively establish an understanding of recycling practices in the country. Despite its potential, a national study on solid waste recycling as an emerging industry in Namibia conducted in 2019 concluded that recycling of solid waste in the country was low and limited to major cities of Windhoek, Swakopmund and Walvis Bay. Efforts such as Clear Bag System, Schools Recycling Competitions and Awareness Campaigns were ongoing at the time of study to promote more recycling. Recycling was found to be plagued with a number of challenges, thus struggling to achieve intended goals of raw material production as well as addressing waste management problems that the country faced. Behind this backdrop, a proposed Integrated Recycling Model for Namibia was developed which would assist, if implemented, with the resolution some of the challenges that were identified.
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Author(s):
Thomas Wetsakhulia Wanzallah, Stephen Makau Muathe.
Page No : 298-320
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Stakeholder Engagement: Issues to Resolve for Sustainable Performance of Sugar Mills in Western Region, Kenya.
Abstract
The Kenyan sugar industry suffers from poor performance linked to corruption, mismanagement, reduced cane production, overreliance on imports and growing long maturing cane variety. These problems can be resolved by engagement of different stakeholders. This article is on stakeholder engagement and effect on sustainable performance in the sugar mills in western Kenya. The paper adopted the stakeholder theory, balanced scorecard model and human relations theory of management, as its theoretical framework. There was use of descriptive research design. The respondents included managers in the sugar mills, the permanently employed staff, government officials handling the industry in the region and representatives of cane farmers from the farmer blocs. Simple and stratified sampling technique was used and respondents filled the structured questionnaire from which descriptive, regression and correlation analyses were conducted. The findings revealed that respondents agreed that stakeholder relationship management increased sustainable performance of sugar mills. The correlation analysis results showed that stakeholder communication at (r =0.852), capacity building (r =0.551), stakeholder relationship management (r =0.742) and stakeholder control processes (r =0.641) were all closely associated with the dependent variable on sustainable performance. From the regression analysis, the results showed that 70.9% of change in sustainable performance in the sugar mills was influenced by stakeholder engagement. The beta coefficient results indicate that the four means of stakeholder engagement influenced performance of the sugar mills. The study concluded that aspects of stakeholder engagement improved performance as measured in terms of high-quality products, profit margin, sales volume and increased market share. It is recommended that the government as a key stakeholder of the sector to have policies to ban sugar free imports, enhance competencies of stakeholders through trainings, research on best cane variety and engage stakeholders to monitor and control activities in reducing corruption, mismanagement and misappropriation of resources. Engagement of stakeholders is important when seeking to grow and establish the industry.
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Author(s):
Fitri Dyah Rachmayanti, Sangga Arta Witama, Nawiroh Vera.
Page No : 321-334
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Reception of the Audience of Followers of “Evening Image Content Friday” on the Instagram Account @Rvanxjro.
Abstract
Instagram has become a social media with various types of content and a large number of followers. The Rvan X Jro account is an account that has mystical content posts and has a message to the audience not to be afraid of supernatural beings. The author wants to analyze the audience's meaning of the message contained in the content of "Friday Night" using reception analysis. There were 45 statements with 25 dominants, 16 negotiations and 4 oppositions. From these results, the dominant meaning became the most preferred choice because it was more accepted by the informants. They probably felt they were starting to understand that humans always live side by side with supernatural beings and can respect each other for supernatural beings around the informants.
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Author(s):
Chijioke E. Ohuakanwa (Ph.D.).
Page No : 335-348
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The Influence of Emotional Intelligence Variables (Self-Awareness, Self-Regulation and Self-Motivation) on the Academic Adjustment of Fresh Students of Nigerian Universities: A Case of Imo State University.
Abstract
This study investigated the extent to which the possession of certain basic emotional intelligence elements or potentials, such as self-awareness, self-regulation and self-motivation, enhance fresh Nigerian university students’ academic adjustment with a case study of Imo State University, Owerri year one students. The study adopted a correlation design. Four research questions were posed and four hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study population was all 2021/2022 academic session students, males and females of the Imo State University. The study sample size was 400 students of 2021/2022 academic session, males and females, drawn from four faculties of Imo State University, using stratified and proportionate sampling techniques. The instrument for data collection was a researcher constructed 4-point rating scale titled, “Emotional Intelligence Variables of Fresh Nigerian Students’ Academic Adjustment Scale” (EIVFNUSAAS), with Cronbach r =0.78. Data were analysed using 2-tailed Pearson t-test to answer the research questions while multiple regression statistics was used to test the hypotheses. Findings revealed strong positive relationships among variables as all the null hypotheses were significant. The results revealed self-awareness, self-regulation and self-motivation as basic elements of emotional intelligence which together go a long way to enhance academic adjustment of first year undergraduates. The results further indicated that self-awareness and self-motivation enhance, to a larger extent, academic adjustment as well as self-regulation. On the basis of the results, certain recommendations were made.
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Author(s):
Bassey Andrew Ubong, Prof. J. S. Kente, Prof. K. S. Akpede.
Page No : 349-366
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Assessment of Digital Campaign Strategies Adopted by Presidential Candidates in the 2023 Nigerian Elections.
Abstract
The ascendancy of digital technologies has revolutionised political communication strategies, with presidential contenders increasingly exploiting online platforms to interact with electorates. This investigation aims to evaluate the efficacy and implications of digital campaign strategies adopted by presidential candidates during the 2023 Nigerian Elections. using survey research methodology, with questionnaires as the primary data collection instrument, this inquiry endeavours to evaluate the impact of social media campaigns on voter perceptions, engagement, and ultimately, electoral behaviour. Drawing on Agenda Setting, Uses and Gratification, and Conspiracy Theories, the study identifies Facebook, Twitter, and WhatsApp as the preferred social media platforms among respondents for receiving political communications. Findings suggest that social media notably influenced respondents' preferences for candidates during the 2023 presidential election, augmenting the popularity of Tinubu, Obi, and Atiku. The research emphasizes that social media content pertaining to these candidates directly shaped respondents' voting choices. Moreover, the research affirms that social media usage profoundly influences election campaigns in Nigeria, advocating, among other measures, for Nigerian political stakeholders to persist in using social media to engage with electorates.
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Author(s):
Samuel Agbenyo (Ph.D.), John Francis Annan (Ph.D.), Michael Anthony Kwesi Adomina.
Page No : 367-381
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A Retrospective Study of Atenteben in Ghanaian Musical Instruction.
Abstract
This historical research seeks to investigate the development of the atenteben, and its inclusion in the Ghanaian school curriculum. The atenteben, is a flute which is locally produced in Ghana from the stem of a species of the bamboo plant. The bamboo is a hollow, jointed, giant, woody grass that breeds predominantly in the tropical zones. While the bamboo is usually used for furniture, housing, and other household implements, the material has been crafted into a musical instrument, atenteben, to create pitched sounds for ceremonial and entertainment activities. This study sought to trace the historical route of atenteben, and illuminate how it became integrated into the Ghanaian school curriculum. Primary and secondary sources were employed for saturated data collection. Results indicated that the atenteben was first produced and introduced into the Ghanaian school curriculum by Dr. Ephraim Amu, albeit other scholars have contributed toward the development of the instrument as well as its teaching and learning. It was recommended that while seeking standardization and industrialized manufacture of the instrument through stakeholder collaborations, colleges of education should formalize teaching and learning of the atenteben in their curriculum. Further research will explore the atenteben in other keys, and examine writings and compositions of Dr. Ephraim Amu on the instrument.
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Author(s):
Christian Nzubechi Akubueze, Joseph Chukwuemeka Egegbara.
Page No : 382-393
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Global Inequality Challenge: An Analysis of the Disparities in Wealth and Power.
Abstract
Global inequality is central to the explanation of the disparity between the global North and global South in terms of level of development. World systems theorists have pointed to colonial exploitation of the South by countries in the North as the cause of the disparities in wealth and power between regions. This paper examines global inequality challenges to identify the disparities in wealth and power between the North and the South. The study relied essentially on qualitative data predicated on secondary data. The paper adopted world systems theory as its framework of analysis. The paper showed that the unequal relationship between the global North and the global South was made possible by the colonial exploitation of the South by the North. By adopting the world system theory, the paper revealed how unequal division of labor, terms of trade imbalance, and Bretton Woods Institutions (IMF and World Bank) reinforced global inequality. The study recommended, amongst other things, that the South address internal conditions impeding their development; IMF and World Bank-assisted projects should not be attached with strict conditions.
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Author(s):
Muktari Garba, Muhammad Tasiu Dansabo (Prof.)2.
Page No : 394-409
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Challenges Associated with Persons Internally Displaced by Boko Haram Insurgency in Yobe State
Abstract
This study investigates the challenges confronting individuals displaced by the Boko Haram insurgency in Damaturu Local Government Area, Yobe State, shedding light on the broader impact of global terrorism and insurgency. The research objectives focus on understanding the reasons for displacement and identifying obstacles faced by Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in accessing essential/everyday life items. Using a mixed-methods approach, including surveys and in-depth interviews, data was gathered from 805 respondents for survey and 5 participants for the IDI in 5 IDPs’ settlements including Abbari YBC, Abujan Mai-Mala, AMG Farm, Kasaisa and Kukareta. Key findings reveal that 99.0% of respondents attribute their displacement to Boko Haram, with 50.2% experiencing the loss of family members. Challenges in accessing basic necessities are prevalent, with 93.9% reporting difficulties, particularly in food (78.8%), toiletries (61.1%), and clothing (77.9%). The demographic profile highlights a higher representation of women (61.5%) and a younger demographic. The study underscores the urgent need for comprehensive support mechanisms, including humanitarian aid, enhanced security, psycho-social support, tailored education, and sustainable livelihood programs. Vulnerable groups, particularly women and youth, require targeted interventions. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the necessity for coordinated efforts to address the multifaceted challenges faced by internally displaced persons in Yobe State, ensuring their survival, dignity, and future stability in the aftermath of insurgency. Recommendations of this study include intensified humanitarian aid, collaboration with security agencies, psycho-social support programs, tailored education initiatives, sustainable livelihood support, and facilitation of collaboration among governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and local communities.
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Author(s):
Esara Umoh Victor, Asuquo Mfon Effiong, Walter Omang Ogar .
Page No : 410-423
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Police Brutality and Endsars Protests in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.
Abstract
This study seeks to unravel the atrocities of Nigeria Police Force on innocent Nigerians which led to a nationwide violent protest known as EndSARS. Survey research method was employed for this study and respondents were selected using multiple sampling techniques, this include purposive, snowball and simple random sampling techniques. Primary data were collected through interview and participant observation, while secondary data were collected from extant literature. The study applied the Retributive Theory of Justice in order to explain the concept and empirical studies reviewed from other studies for conclusion and recommendations. Findings from the study have shown that innocent Nigerians were killed and maimed by men of the Nigeria Police Force at any slightest provocation without being punish by the law. The study recommends (amongst others) that government should always ensure that erring police officers are punished to served as deterrence in order to reduce the menace of police brutality in Akwa Ibom State and Nigeria in general.
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Author(s):
Matilda Quainoo, Stephen Nyanteh Ayesu, John Francis Annan, Godfred Sackey, Daniel Darkwa Mensah, Stella Richlove Agbotah.
Page No : 424-435
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The Awareness and Proficiency of Tutors in using Software Programmes for Music Education at Methodist College of Education, Akim Oda.
Abstract
The establishment of an ultra-modern ICT laboratory at the Methodist College of Education, Akim Oda, has propelled the need to introduce music students to computer and software programmes in music education. However, to make recommendations for the realization of this vision, this study considered the awareness and proficiency of the tutors in computer and software programmes in music education. This descriptive study described the views of music tutors about their awareness and proficiency in computer and software programmes. The results from this study disclosed that three out of the four music tutors at the Methodist College of Education, Akim Oda, are strongly aware of computer software programmes for music education and are proficient in Finale and Perfect Ear software programmes. The study recommended that the college should organise workshops for the music tutors to be trained in software programmes for music creation and education such as EarMaster, Auralia, Piano Teacher.
