| 1 |
Author(s):
Ogba Paul Onu, Bello Muriana.
Page No : 1-13
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Using a Mathematical Model to Evaluate the Efficiency of Memory Allocation Algorithm.
Abstract
One of the key research areas in operating systems is memory allocation and process management by the operating system. Memory allocation is the process of allocating blocks of memory to different executing processes in order to improve overall system performance. This paper analyses the efficiency of memory allocation algorithms (first fit, best fit and worst fit) in the multiple partition and contiguous memory allocation scheme. A Mathematical model was used on process sizes in terms of percentage internal fragmentation (IF%), percentage external fragmentation (EF%), and percentage total utilization (TU%), this was done to compare the performance of the memory allocation algorithm. Results from the analysis show that the best fit made more efficient use of the available memory space than that of first-fit and worst fit.
| 2 |
Author(s):
M. G. Daniel, K. F. Aleem (Prof.), I. F. Funtua (Ph.D.), Y. S. Haruna (Prof.), Iyam Ubi Effiom.
Page No : 14-31
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Application of Mobile App for On-Site Geoid and Orthometric Height Determination.
Abstract
Determining the vertical component is an essential step. However, due to the exact elevations in relation to a reference surface (e.g., mean sea level), obtaining it is expensive and technically difficult. Through the integration of mobile app technology for surveying and geodetic applications, this research investigated a novel way to on-site geoid calculation. The study, which was carried out in Port Harcourt, Lagos, and Bauchi, effectively created a mobile application utilizing the EGM2008 model and showed that it was more accurate than previous models at capturing geoid and orthometric heights. Despite some non-linear variances brought on by topographical characteristics, the app demonstrated a good correlation between app-generated and observed orthometric heights. In particular, the EGM08 model app routinely beat the SATLEVEL (MAE = 0.011983 in Port Harcourt and 0.060568 in Lagos) and 7-parameters models (MAE = 0.584951 in Port Harcourt and 2.140581 in Lagos). The study concluded that this integrated approach could revolutionize geodetic fieldwork by giving surveyors precise and dependable tools. It also suggests practical implementation, collaboration, and ongoing testing.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Enobong Okon Umoh, Godwin Akpan Usoh, Evanson Ebenezar, Emmanuel Okon Sam.
Page No : 32-38
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Assessment of Heavy Metals Concentration and Health Risk on Consumption of Waterleaf Grown Beside Automobile Workshop.
Abstract
This study assessed the level of concentration of heavy metals and health risk on the consumption of waterleaf (Talinum triangulare) grown beside an automobile workshop in Akwa Ibom State University, IkotA kpaden, Mkpat Enin Local Government Area (LGA). The triangular research method was adopted for samples collection. The fresh samples of waterleaf were collected at three designated points at automobile workshop in Akwa Ibom State University located in Ikot Akpaden, Mkpat Enin L.G.A. The samples were washed thoroughly using tap water to remove the dirt and other unwanted materials. The washed samples were put in polythene bags and taken to the laboratory for elemental analysis. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics (range, mean, and standard deviation) and one-way analysis of variance.The results obtained showed elevated levels of heavy metals and their average concentrations were as follows: Cadmium (7.30 mg/kg), Chromium (28.50 mg/kg), Lead (8.30 mg/kg), Zinc (140.30 mg/kg), Manganese (228.30 mg/kg), Nickel (36.10 mg/kg), Iron (784.20 mg/kg), and Calcium (15.70 mg/kg). Hazard identification index was 0.83 indicating potential health risks associated with the consumption of waterleaf contaminated with heavy metals. The results also showed that the proportion of heavy metals present in waterleaf planted beside the automobile workshop exceeded World Health Organization Standards (WHO), thereby posing severe health risks when consumed. The sources of contamination and pathways through which heavy metals entered the soil include; diesel and fuel engine operation, abandoned cars, iron and scrap metals, grease and engine oil disposal, disposal of artificial wood, and the presence of a step-up transformer. Based on the results, urgent need for remediation and health risk management strategies should be taken.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Ugwoke A. C., Okongwu K. O., Ugo D. C..
Page No : 39-45
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Measurement of the Breaking Indices of Frequently Ghtching Pulsars using Integration Method.
Abstract
Pulsars are old, stellar objects that emit electromagnetic radiations in a definite time interval, with a predictable smooth spin-down, predisposed to discrete fluctuations/glitches. The rotational frequency of pulsars decays with time as quantified by the breaking index, in which is now known to have a no consequence on other pulsar qualities like obliquity angle evolution or complex high order multiple structures but rather on its spin proportion. In the canonical model n=3, but observationally n3 in numerous cases. Showing that the canonical model requires modification. Using the Australian Telescope National Facility (ATNF). Pulsars catalog, we selected 208 pulsars with 670 glitches. We computed the breaking and observed that the breaking index is smaller for very young pulsars, which usually glitch more frequently than their older, more stable counterpart analysis. They have switched for over from times and also account for over 68% of the entire glitches in our population. A regression analysis shows that spin properties of pulsars are 65% correlated with n. implications of this result are discussed.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Agori J. E., Eseha E. A., Oba J., Umukoro O. L..
Page No : 46-64
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Cost-Benefit Analysis of Plastic Waste Mitigation Strategies in Ughelli, Delta State, Nigeria.
Abstract
Global plastics waste is an issue of ever-increasing urgency. Marine plastic pollution is a particularly challenging issue, as plastics take decades to break down, and do so into micro- and nanoparticles that affect marine ecosystems and the food web. The plastics pollution problem is magnified in developing countries where rising production and consumption coexist with underdeveloped waste treatment systems and large volumes of imported plastic waste. Plastic waste management has become a critical environmental and public health challenge in many developing countries and cities, including Ughelli in Delta State, Nigeria. This study presents a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis of four key plastic waste mitigation strategies namely, a household waste segregation program,, a plastic waste collection and recycling system, public awareness campaigns, and a deposit-refund scheme for plastic bottles and containers for implementation in Ughelli. Using a 0.5-year project timeframe and a 10% discount rate, the net present value (NPV) and cost-benefit ratios were calculated for each strategy. The results indicate that the plastic waste collection and recycling system had the highest NPV of ₦112,500,000 and a cost-benefit ratio of 1.50, suggesting it is the most financially viable option. The household waste segregation program had an NPV of ₦80,000,000 and a cost-benefit ratio of 1.35, also demonstrating strong economic feasibility. The public awareness campaigns and deposit-refund scheme had lower but still positive NPV values of ₦52,500,000 and ₦25,000,000 respectively, with cost-benefit ratios of 1.28 and 1.08. These findings provide valuable insights to policymakers and waste management authorities in Ughelli on prioritizing investments in sustainable plastic waste mitigation based on financial and economic considerations. It recommends greater external financial and technical support for waste treatment, stakeholder consensus and awareness-building, regulatory policies that reduce the price and convenience differentials between plastics and substitute materials, and a push towards enforcement of environmental regulations.
Keywords: Plastics, Waste, Mitigation Strategies. Cost-Benefit Ratio, Ughelli, Plastics, waste, environment, manufacturing, pollution, biodegradable plastics, plastic substitutes,
| 6 |
Author(s):
Okeke Chioma J. , Nwoye C. P. , Okeke I. R. , Ezewudo B. I. , Oraneli U. B. , Azaka E. I. , Olisa C. S. , Aghalu U. C..
Page No : 65-73
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Evaluation and Health risk assessment of some heavy metals in pork and beef sold in Okpuno, Awka South, Anambra State, Nigeria
Abstract
The study was undertaken to evaluate some heavy metals in beef and pork sold at Okpuno and assess their health risks. Six samples of pork and beef were bought and analyzed for a period of three months for heavy metals viz. cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) with the use of atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The result generated from the analyzed heavy metals were utilized in computing for the potential human health risk associated with the consumption of both meats by consumers. The result showed that, in pork, Fe, Zn and Pb were highest within the three months with the following mean concentrations 0.22 ± 0.22, 0.16 ± 0.15, 0.09 ± 0.07mg/kg respectively. Also, Fe (0.30 ± 0.25 mg/kg) and Zn (0.21 ± 0.20 mg/kg) recorded higher concentrations in beef. The estimated daily intakes of all the five heavy metals were found to be low when compared to the recommended daily dietary intake. In relation to health risk, the target hazard quotient of the analyzed heavy metals ranged from 0.003566 to 0.00000179 and follows the increasing order of: Cd > Pb > Cu > Fe > Zn. The target hazard quotient of the five metals poses little threat to human health (THQ<1). The computed carcinogenic risk for Cd (0.0000112) and Pb (0.0000000152) were within the tolerable limit (1 × 10−6 < CR < 1 × 10−4). However, carcinogenic risk value for Cd in this study indicates that serious health concern associated with cadmium toxicity may occur overtime from consumption of these meats. Findings from this study revealed that some of the heavy metals were within safety limits for human consumption, hence, intake of these meats (pork and beef) pose no threat to consumers.
