| 1 |
Author(s):
Akinyemi Atinuke Olanike, Raji Aminat Wuraola, Adebayo Oluwaseun Adetomiwa, Ibhaze Gladys Abiemwense, Chineke Clifford Adinma.
Page No : 1-10
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Milk Gene Expression in Different Tissues of White Fulani and Sokoto Gudali Cattle Breeds in Nigeria.
Abstract
Milk production and composition are influenced by genetic factors, yet limited research has explored breed-specific differences in milk gene expression among indigenous Nigerian cattle. Understanding these variations is essential for improving milk quality and optimising dairy breeding strategies. This study investigated the expression of milk genes in different tissues of White Fulani and Sokoto Gudali cows. A total of 100 lactating cows (50 White Fulani and 50 Sokoto Gudali) in their second parity and mid-lactation (120–210 days in milk) were sampled from five locations in Oyo State and one in Ondo State. Milk samples were preserved at 3–4°C and analysed. Total RNA was extracted, treated with DNase, and reverse-transcribed into cDNA. Gene expression was assessed using qPCR, with GAPDH and β-Actin as reference genes. The experimental design followed a factorial arrangement. Results showed significant (p<0.05) variations in gene expression between breeds and tissues. Alpha Casein was highly expressed in milk (36.50 ± 0.29) and heart (34.58 ± 0.31) of White Fulani, while Sokoto Gudali exhibited higher expression in the kidney (32.56 ± 0.29) and mammary gland (34.65 ± 0.33). Leptin expression was higher in White Fulani milk (37.57 ± 0.30) but greater in Sokoto Gudali mammary gland (33.12 ± 0.12). These findings provide insights into breed-specific gene expression patterns, which may influence milk composition and quality improvement strategies.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Ojetola A. J., Abubakar Y., Ikwuakam O. T..
Page No : 11-27
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Effect of Community Gardens on Nutritional Intake of Rural Households in Katsina State, Nigeria.
Abstract
The study examined effects of community gardening on nutritional intake among rural households in Katsina State. A descriptive survey design was employed using multistage sampling procedure to select 360 rural household participants across three senatorial districts: Katsina Central (KC), Katsina North (KN), and Katsina South (KS). Data on respondents’ socioeconomic characteristics, cultivation patterns, benefits, nutritional changes, and constraints were collected using a structured questionnaire and interview schedule. Majority (43.9%) were middle-aged (30-44 years), males (63.3%) from large households (47.2%) size of >9 members with no formal education (43.9%). Staple crops like millet (96.4%), maize and beans (95.3%, and groundnut (92.5%) were highly cultivated. Leafy vegetables showed strong cultivation patterns (79.2%), while fruit cultivation remained minimal. Fresh food access (75.6%) and fitness (75.8%) emerged as primary benefits with majority (53.9%) experiencing high overall benefit levels. Significant nutritional improvements occurred across multiple food groups, with legumes and nuts (72.8%) showing the strongest positive effects followed by leafy vegetables (75.3%). Grains and root crops also demonstrated substantial improvements. Nutritional changes were distributed between high (48.6%) and medium (50.8%) improvement categories. Cost constraint dominated challenges (93.1%), followed by income limitations (91.7%), though 75.6% of participants experienced overall low constraint levels. Statistical analysis revealed significant district-level differences in involvement (F=44.74, p<0.001), benefits (F=37.10, p<0.001), nutritional changes (F=11.90, p<0.001), and constraints (F=422.24, p<0.001). Regression analysis identified involvement (β=0.102, p<0.01), benefits (β=0.102, p<0.05), and challenges (β=0.273, p<0.001) as significant predictors of nutritional improvements, with district-specific models explaining up to 50% of variation. Community gardening significantly enhances rural household nutritional intake, despite economic constraints. Government should develop programmes that should aim at addressing each district’s specific constraints.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Chizaram B. Nweke, Michael O. Odo.
Page No : 28-42
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Effect of Pre-Processing Operations on Antioxidant Properties and Activities of Prosopis Africana Seed.
Abstract
The study investigated the effect of pre-processing operations on antioxidant properties and activities of Prosopis africana seed. The following pre-processing operations were considered: boiling, germination, soaking and roasting. The antioxidant properties and activities of the processed Prosopis africana seed were analyzed using standard methods. The data obtained were analyzed using one way ANOVA while Turkey HSD was adopted for post hoc test. All statistical tests were conducted at 5 % level of significance. The roasted sample were higher in Total phenol (7.49 mgGAE/g), Anthocyanin (6.44 mg/100g) but Vitamin E was found to be highest in the germinated seed (3.87 mg/100g). The boiled were higher in Beta carotene (103.85 mg/100g) while the germinated and soaked seed were higher in Vitamin C (8.59 mg/100g) and Flavoniod (6.50 mg/100g respectively). Roasting gave a higher OH scavenging activity (70.68 %) and Reducing Power Activity (80.30%) while soaking gave a higher DDPH activity (70.64). The Flavoniod, Total phenol, Anthocyanim and Vitamin E are significantly correlated to OH and FRAP while Beta carotene is significantly correlated to DPPH. The study had revealed that pre-processing operations had significant effect on the antioxidant properties and activities of Prosopis africana seeds which offers nutritional and health benefits. Processed Prosopis africana seeds are recommended for consumption as a good source of antioxidants.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Byamukama Mwanika, Ssengozi Jerome Bagenda, Kansiime Cecilia, Mulokozi Jackson, Jackson Kusiima.
Page No : 43-49
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Major Edible Insect Species in East Africa: A Review.
Abstract
Edible insects are increasingly recognized as a sustainable solution to food insecurity, a source of income, and a solution to some environmental challenges. East Africa, home to nearly 100 edible insect species, provides a rich diversity of insects that are deeply embedded in local diets and cultures. This review highlights the major edible insects consumed in Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda, and Burundi, including termites (Macrotermes spp., Pseudacanthotermes spp.), grasshoppers (Ruspolia differens), caterpillars (Cirina butyrospermi, Dactyloceras lucina), and crickets (Acheta spp., Brachytrupes spp.). Common preparation methods include roasting, frying, and boiling, reflecting traditional practices and cultural preferences. Beyond nutrition, edible insects support livelihoods and contribute to ecological sustainability by recycling organic waste. However, overharvesting and habitat loss pose threats to their availability. This review underscores the potential of edible insects in East Africa to enhance nutrition and livelihoods, while calling for research, conservation, and supportive policies to promote their sustainable utilization.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Gift Mnena Ikyagh, Peter Agorye Adie, Chrishtiana Agbenu Ada, Titus Ternenge Undo.
Page No : 50-64
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Functional Properties and Nutritional Profile of Wheat, Soybean and Carrot Pomace Composite Flours.
Abstract
Malnutrition is a serious concern in developing nations and can be curbed by blending foods of varying nutritional profiles for novel food products. In this research, composite flours were prepared by combining wheat, soybeans and carrot pomace in different proportions. The functional properties of the fortified flours showed the swelling power in the range of 110.43-117.18 %, water absorption capacity from 2.10-2.66 %, oil absorption capacity from 1.23-1.28 %, Gelation capacity from 4.00-8.00 %, solubility index from 53.50-90.00 %, and dispersibility from 50-60 %. The proximate analysis done was moisture, ash, crude fat, crude fibre, crude protein and carbohydrate contents, which were in the range of 8.31-10.90 %, 0.23-2.50 %, 4.29-9.64 %, 0.56-1.74 %, 15.47-34.21 % and 44.01-67.08 %, respectively. The mineral analysis showed Fe, Zn, Na, Ca and K in the range of 1.99-3.01, 2.98-3.59, 23.00-24.11, 97.00-98.04 and 199.31-207.03 mg/100g respectively while the vitamin composition of the composite flours shows the presence of β-carotene in the range of 4.90-6.53 mg/100g , vitamin C ranges from 2.11-2.99 mg/100g, vitamin E content from 0.89-1.37 mg/100g, vitamin B6 was from 0.21-1.78 mg/100g, vitamin B12 was from 0.02-0.13 mg/100 g though absent in samples B and E, vitamin B5 0.27-1.67 mg/100g and B1 ranges from 0.04-1.05 mg/100g. These results showed that the composite flour can be used in the formulation of foods like sausages, noodles, bread, whipped toppings, angel and sponge cakes.
| 6 |
Author(s):
Carolyne Nafula Kisaka, Eric Obedy Gido, George Owuor.
Page No : 65-81
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Effect of Commercialization on Household Food Security Among Smallholder Pre-Cooking Bean Agriprenuers in Kenya.
Abstract
Agricultural commercialization is a strategy proposed to alleviate food insecurity problem in Africa. This paper contributes to the debate on the effect of agricultural commercialization on household food security by assessing its effect on household food security. Cross-sectional data for the 2022/2023 farming season were collected from 413 smallholder pre-cooking bean farmer households in Kimilili Sub-County, Kenya. A propensity score matching model was used for data analysis. Crop output market participation share (COMPS) and crop input market participation share (CIMPS) were converted to Z scores and jointly used as a proxy of agricultural commercialization of a household. Findings indicated that agricultural commercialization had a significant negative Average Treatment Effect on the Treated (ATT) of -0.0731 and -0.0836 food insecurity experience scale scores using nearest neighbor and Kernel matching, respectively. The paper recommends a combination of agricultural commercialization with diversification to improve the household food access dimension of food security.
| 7 |
Author(s):
Gilbert Owiah Sampson, Martha Aazure Aleser.
Page No : 82-101
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Functionality of Groundnut Seed Coat in Composite Bread.
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of the groundnut seed coat in composite flour bread, specifically concerning nutritional composition and baking properties, as well as consumer acceptability. Groundnut seed coat is the by-product of processing peanuts, and as it is rich in protein, antioxidant, and dietary fibre, it seems to be a good candidate for improving the quality of bread. The study adopted an experimental research design by incorporating different groundnut seed coat flour levels (0, 20, 30, and 50%) into composite wheat flour bread. All proximate composition, functional characteristics, and sensory evaluation analyses were conducted employing standardized techniques, and a significance level of p<0.05 was adopted. The moisture content, crude fat, crude protein, carbohydrate, ash content, and crude fiber ranged between 31.85%-33.27%, 3.36%-7.74%, 12.48%-15.35%, 41.41%-51.12%, 1.20%-1.72%, and 0.00%-4.93%, respectively. It was evident from the results that increased groundnut seed coat substitution improves the nutritional profile of the bread, especially in protein, crude fiber, and ash content. High levels of substitution adversely affected loaf volume, elasticity of dough, and aeration because of gluten dilution. The sensory evaluation revealed that the best bread was that partially substituted with 20% groundnut seed coat (G1) due to its appreciable texture, flavor, and overall acceptability as opposed to the formulated one having a substitution of 50% (G3), which reduced acceptability among consumers. This research recommends using groundnut seed coat as value addition in bread making for sustainable food systems and reduction of agricultural waste. It is recommended that grounds include groundnut seed coat flour as part of their healthier and nutrient-dense bakery products.
| 8 |
Author(s):
Nakhone Edith Wanjala, Akundabweni Levi Shadeya-Mudogo, Ndiema Alice Chesambu.
Page No : 102-114
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Assessment of Sustainable Sugarcane Farming Practice Adoption among Smallholder Farmers in Kakamega North Sub-County, Kenya.
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the current adoption status of Sustainable Sugarcane Farming Practices (SSFPs) among smallholder farmers in Kakamega North Sub-County, Kenya. A cross-sectional survey of 394 farmers assessed the use of each practice. Descriptive and chi-square tests quantified differences between adopters and non-adopters. Organic mulching enjoyed widespread adoption (84 %), driven by ready access to cane residue (χ² = 179.58, df = 1, p < 0.05). In contrast, only 7 % of farmers conducted soil tests (χ² = 289.96, df = 1, p < 0.05), and a mere 3 % practiced Integrated Weed Management (IWM), despite its proven yield benefits. Coordinated extension strategies are needed to enhance the adoption of these practices: deploy mobile soil-testing units to inform mulch and fertilizer recommendations and strengthen farmer field schools on IWM. Such integrated interventions break the cycle of limited resources and low practice uptake, ultimately improving sugarcane production.
| 9 |
Author(s):
Eid I. Brima, Parvez I. Haris, Michael Frei.
Page No : 115-136
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Assessment of Human Health Risk Based on Analysis of Potentially Toxic Elements in African Foods Sold in the UK Market.
Abstract
Toxic elements (TEs), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) were determined in African foods sold in the UK and consumed by African communities. The average concentrations (µg/g) of As, Cd, Hg, and Pb in agricultural products, fishery products, spices, and non-food additives were as follows: As (0.1, 15.4, 0.13, and 2.3), Cd (0.6, 0.3, 0.1, and 0.03), Hg (not detected, 0.07, 0.1, and not detected), and Pb (0.3, 0.12, 0.15, and 3.8), respectively. Hazard quotient (HQ) calculations showed that Prawn, Kaun, and Calabash samples exceeded safety thresholds for As, while only Calabash exceeded safety thresholds for Pb. Regarding Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR), 16%, 4%, and 2% of the total analysed samples (n =152) exceeded the guideline value for Pb, As, and Cd, respectively. In conclusion, this study highlights the presence of toxic elements in certain African foods that may pose significant long-term health risks.
| 10 |
Author(s):
Ochepo G. O., Shittu A. H..
Page No : 137-150
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Physiological Response of Red Sokoto Bucks to Graded Levels of Ensiled Ammoniated Groundnut Shell Meal.
Abstract
The study assessed the physiological parameters of Red Sokoto Bucks as affected by diets containing graded levels of ensiled ammoniated groundnut shell meal (EAGNSM). Twenty (20) Red Sokoto Bucks used for the study were divided into five groups of four animals each; with an average weight of 9.80± 2.30kg. The groups were randomly assigned to one of the five treatment diets designated as T1 (0 % EAGNSM), T2 (5% EAGNSM), T3 (10% EAGNSM), T4 (15% EAGNSM) and T5 (20% EAGNSM). The animals were offered the basal diet: 500g of Fresh Maliana leaves (Gmelina arborea)) every morning (9.00am); followed by the experimental diets based on 4% body weight of the animals in the afternoon (12pm). Drinking water was provided ad libitum. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of the bucks at the beginning and 60th day of the feeding trial for determination of haematological and serum indices. The results reveal that, packed cell volume (PCV) at the end of the study significantly (P< 0.05) improved over the initial values except for T5. The AST values which were significantly different at the beginning of the study increased and were not significantly different at the end of the experiment. Alanine transaminase (ALT), Total Protein, Albumin, Cholesterol, Creatinine and Urea which were not significantly different at the beginning of the study differed significantly at the end of the experiment. The difference between the initial and final values of AST, ALT, Cholesterol and Urea were significant (P< 0.05) across the treatments. However, the values obtained were within the normal reference range except for ALT which were above for goats. It could be concluded that inclusion of EAGNSM in the diet of Red Sokoto Bucks had no deleterious effect on the haematological and serum biochemistry parameters evaluated and could be included in their diets up to 20%.
