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Author(s):
Editor in Chief.
Page No :
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African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, Volume 7 Issue 4, Cover Page
Abstract
African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, Volume 7 Issue 4, Cover Page
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Author(s):
Okafoforcha Chika Maureen, Anumudu Charles N., Uwazie Iyke Uwazie, Sule Muhammed.
Page No : 1-16
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Monetary Policy Effect on the Nigeria Agricultural Sector Growth 1980 – 2020.
Abstract
This study explored the effect of monetary policy on the Nigeria agricultural sector growth, from 1980-2020. The objective are to; ascertain the significant effect of Central Bank of Nigeria monetary policy rate (MPR), open market operations and cash reserve ratio implementation on commercial banks’ credit lending rate to Nigeria agricultural sector, and examine the selective sectoral credit control policy of Central Bank of Nigeria and how it affects commercial banks’ credit lending rate to Nigeria agricultural sector.. The study employed the following advanced econometric and statistical techniques; Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) tests, Co-integration Test, Vector Error Correction Model (VEC) and Granger Causality. Based on the above econometric and statistical techniques conducted, it was observed that the CBN monetary policy rate (MPR), open market operations and cash reserve ratio implementation has significant effect on commercial banks’ credit lending to the Nigeria agricultural sector. Our results indicated that there is a positive significant effect of CBN selective sectoral credit control policy (agricultural credit guarantee scheme fund (ACGSF) on commercial bank lending to Nigeria agricultural sector within the period of the study 1980 to 2020. Based on the findings, the researcher recommends that; increase in cash reserves ratio and the monetary policy rate cannot be used to influence stabilized growth from commercial bank lending to Nigerian agricultural sector especially in the short run. Changes in the structural changes effect can be used to stimulate growth in the commercial bank lending to Nigeria agricultural sector. The positive controlled Liquidity ratio and volume of broad money stock/cash balances in the hands of the various economic units could be directly manipulated for a more effective monetary policy management than that of Open market operations as proxy and represented by Aggregate Central Bank of Nigeria Treasury Bill (CBNTB).
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Author(s):
Umoh Asuakak Udoh , Offong Sunny.
Page No : 17-33
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Traditional Methods in Crime Prevention and Moral Development: A Case Study of Ibiono Ibom Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.
Abstract
The study examined effect of traditional methods in crime prevention: Continuity and change in Ibiono Ibom Local Government Area (IILGA), Akwa Ibom State. Two research questions were raised to guide the study. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The population consisted of 787,233 indigenes of IILGA from which two set of samples consisting of 20 and 380 were selected using snowball sampling technique and systematic sampling technique respectively. Meanwhile, to arrive at 400 sample size, Taro Yamane formula was adopted. The primary data were collected using mixed approach consisting of qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitatively, data collection was done using semi-structured interview guide, whereas questionnaire entitled “Traditional Methods of Crime Prevention Scale, (TMCPS)” was utilized for quantitative data collection. These instruments were validated by experts. Data analysis was done both quantitatively and qualitatively using simple percentage and thematic discussion of the respondents’ views and perceptions about preventing crime. The findings revealed that a modified form of traditional methods such as Mbiam, and Ukang were capable with uncontrollable speed to deter potential anti-social behaviour and keep society morally sound and justified. Also, the extent to which these traditional methods (ukang and mbiam) still influence behaviours and prevent crimes were high. This was similar with the results on the extent they still retain their originality. It is recommended among others that the traditional institutions should bring up a blueprint/template containing the modified methods of preventing crime as complementary or alternative strategy to conventional criminal justice system (CCJS).
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Author(s):
Udom Efiong Akankpo.
Page No : 34-45
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Management by Objectives (MBO): An instrument for the Professionalization of the Nigeria Police Force.
Abstract
NPF has no definite model of professional policing. Each nation operates on the model of its political transformation and experience. The dynamics of modern society require a new dimension in police operations and administration. Police duties are getting more volatile and assertive and continuously evolving. In requiring police to provide protection and safe environments, police must become better trained in and addressing potential risks, hence the need for professionalism. With the overwhelming criminal crisis in the country, the Nigeria Police Force is challenged to arrest the situation and produce results, timely and technological in line with social change. Therefore, to set combative objectives, gain control of the security environment and deliver on their constitutional mandate, the MOB principles of shared objectives and professionalism of the police is here by suggested. It implies that the General Duty (GD) and Specialist (S) model of policing practice have to be done with.
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Author(s):
Balaraba John (Ph.D.).
Page No : 46-61
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Psychological Processes of Conflict Resolution in Nigeria.
Abstract
This study sets out to explore the psychological processes of resolving conflicts in Nigeria. The study adopted the qualitative research paradigm and data were gathered by means of semi-structured interviews. The participants were fifteen survivors of ethno-religious conflicts in Nigeria. Some intriguing findings were made following the interviews of these participants. These findings were presented and analysed by means of thematic analysis method. The three major themes that emerged from the interviews capture participants’ experiences of the conflicts: consequences of the conflicts, resolving conflict and government’s tactics to reducing the conflicts. The study also gave recommendations on prevention of future conflicts.
Keywords:
Group conflicts, conflict resolution, ethno-religious conflict, psychological processes
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Author(s):
A. M. Kabir, Musa Usman.
Page No : 62-76
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Bridging Gaps in Profit Efficiency: A Study of Medium-Scale Grain Milling Businesses in Abuja, Nigeria.
Abstract
The broad objective of this study was to examine the profit efficiency of medium scale grain milling enterprises in Bwari Area Council, Abuja. Out of a sample frame of fifty seven, 50 respondents were randomly selected. The data collected was analyzed by the use of descriptive statistics, profit model and transcendental logarithmic stochastic profit frontier function. The results on socioeconomic analysis revealed that the mean age was 41 years, while 68% had primary education as their highest level of education. The mean household sizes and milling experience were 5 persons and 5 years respectively. Finally, almost all the respondents (98%) used both self financing and credit as the source of their capital. The result of the profit analysis revealed that an average medium scale grain mill in the study area recorded total revenue of N12, 842,080 per year with a net profit of N4, 522,161 per year. The coefficient of gamma () is large (0.81) and not significant implying that 81% of deviation from the profit obtained was not due to profit inefficiency effects. The coefficient of the cost of labour throughput (-69.28) was negative and statistically significant at 1%. The estimated coefficient of cost of machinery throughput (3.60) and cost of fuel throughput (8.07) were positive and statistically significant at 1%. All the interaction terms where statistically significant with three of the variables (cost of labour by cost of labour, cost of fuel by cost of fuel and cost of labour by cost of machinery) being positive, while the other three (cost of machinery by cost of machinery, cost of labour by cost of fuel and cost of machinery by cost of fuel) being negative. The mean profit efficiency was 69.8. It can be concluded that medium scale grain milling enterprises in the study area are profitable but not yet fully profit efficient. It is therefore recommended that training on better management practices be conducted by relevant agencies to improve profit efficiency.
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Author(s):
A. M. Kabir, I. O. Rukayat.
Page No : 77-88
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Transforming Locust Bean Processing: A Path to Profit for Elderly Women’s Microbusiness in Sokoto, Nigeria.
Abstract
This study investigates the value addition potential of African locust beans (Parkia biglobosa) in Sokoto Metropolis, Nigeria, emphasizing the socio-economic characteristics of processors, cost-benefit analysis, and strategies for enhancing the value chain. Despite the nutritional and economic significance of locust beans, their market utilization remains constrained by traditional processing methods, inadequate packaging, and a lack of modern branding. Utilizing a multi-stage sampling technique, data was collected from 60 respondents, revealing that the locust bean processing industry is predominantly elderly female-driven, with limited modern educational and high family sizes. The total variable costs for processing were computed at ₦1,6888, revenue of ₦2,473 thus realizing a gross margin of ₦873.2. However, upon value addition of grinding and branded packaging, the variable cost rose to ₦7,220, with revenue from packaged Daddawa reaching ₦12,000, resulting in a Gross margin of ₦4,780. This underscores the financial viability of value addition through improved packaging and branding. The study further identifies key constraints including market disorganization and the need for better processing technologies. The findings advocate for strategic interventions to enhance the economic value of locust beans, promoting broader consumer acceptance and contributing to food security and economic development in the region.
Keywords: Value Addition, Locust bean, Powdered Daddawa.Sokoto metropolis
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Author(s):
Bassey Andrew Ubong.
Page No : 89-103
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Public Perception of Hate Speech on Social Media (Facebook) during the 2023 General Elections in Nigeria.
Abstract
In the contemporary global landscape, the advent of information and communication technology has interconnected societies, fostering increased civic engagement. Notably, social media platforms, a manifestation of this technological innovation, play a vital role in political discourse, drawing active participation from politicians, political parties, and their supporters. However, the utilisation of these platforms in the context of electoral campaigns, particularly in nations like Nigeria, has raised concerns due to the dissemination of political information carrying adverse repercussions. This study delves into the examination of the public's perceptions regarding hate speech on Facebook during Nigeria's 2023 general elections. Employing a survey research strategy and leveraging convenient sampling, data were collected from residents within the geographical scope of Kwali Area Council, Abuja, Nigeria. The research framework drew upon the public sphere theory to elucidate its core objectives. Findings underscored the prevalence of hate speech on Facebook during the 2023 elections, attributing it to factors such as financial inducements, conspiracies, lack of citizen journalist training, religious interests, and sectional, tribal, and political influences. Notably, Facebook emerged as a platform for disseminating speeches that fueled animosity toward politicians, tribes, religions, and sections, instigating widespread antipathy without substantial knowledge of the targeted individuals or candidates. The research also highlighted the use of Facebook for insults, harassment, and the propagation of divisive narratives, contributing to tribal and religious conflicts, heightened tensions, attacks, disparities, and internal discord. This study's implications suggest a potential undermining of Nigeria's democratic progress. As a remedy, the study advocates for the responsible and positive use of social media platforms by users, especially during critical events such as elections.
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Author(s):
Oyindamola Williams, Bolanle Oyundoyin (Ph.D.), Temidayo Ayodeji Adeyemi.
Page No : 104-130
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The Impact of Domestic Violence on the Academic Performance of School-Aged Children and Adolescents in Abeokuta South, Ogun State, Nigeria.
Abstract
This study examines the impact of domestic violence on the academic performance of school-aged children and adolescents in Abeokuta South Local Government Area, Ogun State, Nigeria. Domestic violence, in its various forms, physical, emotional, sexual, and economic, has been shown to significantly impact children’s cognitive, social, and emotional development, which in turn affects their academic success. Using a structured questionnaire, data were collected from students, teachers, and parents to assess the prevalence of domestic violence and its correlation with academic performance. Descriptive statistics, such as frequency counts and percentages, and inferential methods, including Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation and chi-square analysis, were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that 80% to 100% of students had experienced some form of domestic violence, which led to academic challenges such as absenteeism, poor concentration, and diminished school engagement. The study concludes that domestic violence hinders children's educational progress and emphasizes the need for targeted interventions in schools and communities to address its adverse effects. The research contributes to a broader understanding of the relationship between domestic violence and academic outcomes in Nigeria.
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Author(s):
Chinyere Iheoma Erondu, Udochukwu Iheanacho Erondu.
Page No : 131-142
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Analyzing the Role of Media, ICTS, and Communication Networks in Promoting Development Goals, Social Change, and Political Participation in Nigeria.
Abstract
This study explores the transformative impact of media, information and communication technologies (ICTs), and communication networks in influencing development outcomes, driving social change, and promoting political participation, with a particular focus on Nigeria. This study explores how these tools have become crucial for reaching sustainable development goals in a time when technological breakthroughs define society's progress more and more. Combining theoretical models with thorough case studies and empirical analysis helps the article expose the several ways in which media platforms and ICTs empower communities, increase civic participation, and advance openness in government.
The study not only points up important issues including digital divisions and unequal access but also reveals the great chances to use technologies to overcome social disparities. In a society where the need for constant improvement in social, political, and economic institutions is ever-present, the results provide practical advice for development practitioners, legislators, and interested parties on how to use the whole potential of these discoveries. The report ends with strategic recommendations to maximize the use of ICTs for development, therefore addressing study constraints and suggesting paths for future research.
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Author(s):
Lornah Irene Ayako, Stephen Mbugua Ngari (Ph.D.), Stephen Asatsa (Ph.D.).
Page No : 143-156
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Mental Health Outcomes of Parents with Children Enrolled in the Competence Based Curriculum in Public Day Primary Schools in Nairobi County, Kenya.
Abstract
Involvement in their children's education through the Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC) significantly impacts the mental health outcomes of parents, necessitating a deeper understanding of how these educational demands influence parental well-being. This study examines the mental health outcomes of parents with children enrolled in the CBC in primary schools in Nairobi County, Kenya. Utilizing Cognitive Behavioral Theory (CBT), the research employed a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional survey design targeting parents with children enrolled in the CBC in primary schools. A multi-stage sampling technique resulted in a sample size of 376 parents. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, including the Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC) scale, Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI), Parental Stress Scale, and New General Self-Efficacy Scale. Statistical analysis using SPSS Version 25 involved descriptive methods. The findings revealed generally positive mental health outcomes, with high levels of parenting satisfaction and self-efficacy, alongside moderate levels of mental fatigue and stress. These results align with CBT, emphasizing the role of positive beliefs and effective coping strategies in maintaining mental health. The study concludes that while CBC aims to enhance learning, it also creates challenges for parents that impact their mental health.
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Author(s):
Akande Fatiu Adebowale, Modupe Albert Oluremi.
Page No : 157-171
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X-raying Human Rights Violations by Government Agencies in Nigeria’s Democratic System of Government.
Abstract
Respect for human rights is diminishing within Nigeria's democracy, with the political elite often acting with impunity and ignoring the rule of law. Gender discrimination and exclusion of marginalized citizens persist in politics. This study investigated human rights violations by government agencies in Nigeria, with the aim of enhancing understanding of the situation and proposing policy recommendations for promoting human rights. The study employed a descriptive survey research design, with 150 individuals randomly selected from government agencies in Lagos state. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, with the analysis focusing on patterns in conversations, text, and activities. The findings reveal the emotional and systemic impacts of government agencies' human rights violations, calling for sweeping reforms and enhanced accountability. Respondents also stress the complexity of accountability challenges and advocate for a collaborative approach. They offer valuable strategies, including government reforms, civil society involvement, education and awareness, learning from successful examples, and using media and digital platforms to promote human rights and accountability. The study concluded that the findings underscore the urgent need for comprehensive and collaborative efforts to address the multifaceted challenges of human rights violations in Nigeria. This requires the involvement of all stakeholders, including the government, civil society organizations, and the media. Sweeping reforms and enhanced accountability mechanisms are essential to ensure justice and the protection of human rights for all Nigerians. This study provides a valuable overview of human rights violations by government agencies in Nigeria's democratic system of government. The findings highlight the need for urgent action to address the root causes of these violations and to ensure accountability for perpetrators. The study's recommendations offer a roadmap for promoting human rights and strengthening democracy in Nigeria.
Keywords: Human Rights Violations, Government Agencies, Democratic System
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Author(s):
Victor Umaru.
Page No : 172-186
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Biblical Principles of Marriage for Building Mutual Marital Relationships in Contemporary Africa with a Particular Reference to Hona Culture.
Abstract
Modern Africans, especially Hona people, have attitudes towards marriage that are more akin to those of the Europeans of the same generation than their parents or grandparents, especially regarding the start of a relationship. Although some antiquated practices, like polygamy and the bride price, are a reminder that contemporary Africans still make an effort to stay connected to their history despite how the world has changed. Despite this assertion, one can gradually see the sudden disappearance of the cultural marriage pattern among the Hona people. The discursive and analytical approach used in this research to close this existential gap typically refers to the use of language as a social practice and established methods of generating the meanings of phenomena, knowledge, and reality, as well as the networks connecting them. Through this method, the researcher examines how meanings are created in human contact about the biblical guidelines for marriage. Christianity (religion) in Africa is progressively starting to rule Hona and some parts of Africa; the argument made in this paper is that biblical standards for marriage must be accepted among all races on the continents. The study’s findings reveal that marriage is instituted and invented by God; attached is the manual on how it can be operated for the beneficiary’s benefit. This manual is the Bible, available in almost every Christian home. If strictly adhered to its teachings, there will be no incidences of malfunctioning. Christian homes and marriages are having issues because the Manufacturer’s prescription is not followed. Therefore, the study pitched its tent that if marital relationships work, there is a need to understand the concept of “Oneness” different from sameness. Finally, there is a need to understand how the mind is structured. For marriage to be sustained, the paper recommends that submissiveness and love are non-negotiable traits between couples.
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Author(s):
Thomas Uduo, Raymond Obaji.
Page No : 187-199
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Evaluating the Effectiveness of Predictive Policing in Nigeria: A Qualitative study of law Enforcement Practices in Lagos State.
Abstract
This qualitative study evaluates the effectiveness of predictive policing technologies by examining the implementation within law enforcement operations in Lagos State. The research aims to explore how predictive system influence crime prevention, and decision-making processes in policing. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with NDLEA officers, the study reveals the perceived benefits and challenges of integrating predictive policing tools into traditional methods. Through thematic analysis of interview and review of secondary sources, the research identifies key themes such as the tension between technology and human judgment, and the potential for over-reliance on system predictions. The findings indicate that while predictive policing can improve efficiency in crime hotspot identification, its efficacy is undermined by concerns over privacy, and fairness. The study concludes that for predictive policing to be effective, it must come with strong regulatory frameworks and ethical guidelines to ensure support from technologies. This research contributes to the growing discourse on the intersection of technology and law enforcement, offering insights into how predictive policing can evolve to better serve the people,
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Author(s):
Samuel Ochinyabo.
Page No : 200-218
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Socio-Economic Implications of Displacement on Children in Guma Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria.
Abstract
This study examined the socio-economic implication of displacement on children in Guma Local Government Area of Benue State. It specifically identified the concerns of children in the IDP camps in Guma LGA of Benue state; ascertained the various agencies addressing these concerns and, investigated and prioritized the identified concerns of these children to proffer the needs assessment to address these. This is undertaken given that in the aftermath of farmers' and herders' conflicts, children bore the brunt of the disruptive effects of the upheavals that undermined their survival rights. The study adopted a survey method that sourced primary data through the use of a structured questionnaire and employed descriptive statistics for analysis. The findings indicate that there are unaccompanied children in the camp who are not catered for. There is inadequate medical care for the children, raising concerns about malnutrition, infectious diseases, safe delivery, and infant mortality. School drop-out is also a concern as it leads to the risk of child labour, poor skills development, and vices. The study recommended that a proper record of all internally displaced persons across all indices of demographic and socioeconomic data should be taken for adequate planning and logistics. There should be effective psychological treatment for the children to help their psycho-social integration with the larger society. Access to medical care should be improved for the children and education services should be all-encompassing for the children to eradicate the school drop-out rate.
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Author(s):
Arowona Abdulazeez Lekan, Jonathan E. Aliede (Prof.), Samuel O. Odobo (Ph.D.).
Page No : 219-234
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Management of Inter-Religious Conflicts in Kwara State: Prospects and Challenges.
Abstract
Nigeria has experienced various inter-religious conflicts with obvious effects on peace. In Kwara State, for example, inter-religious conflict has surfaced as a major feature of inter-group relations. This paper examines the management of inter-religious conflict in Kwara State. Nigeria with the use of descriptive analysis. Conflict thoery was employed as the basis of the study. The Kwara State Government s applied various strategies in the management of inter-religious conflict, among them attempts to provide good governance and equitable development, litigation, use of police actions to prevent or quell emergent violence, establishment of inter-faith dialogue committees and partnership with traditional and religious institutions such as the Ilorin Emirate Council. Other government response strategies include court processes and the deployment of security forces. These have attracted considerable attention. In view of the situation on ground, the study advocates for some measures towards effective management of inter-religious conflicts in the state. These include: the establishment of committee comprising all representatives of social groups within the state. The committee should provide a forum for discussing and resolving communal issues can, instead of resorting to violence. Besides, it is further recommended research be carried out for an in-depth understanding of the causes and solutions to inter-religious conflicts in the state, where experts in conflicts resolution would be used to curtail possible outbreak of conflicts, while as increased attention are devoted to the prevention of social conflicts, the peaceful resolution of existing conflicts should be intensified through constant dialogue.
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Author(s):
Oladipupo AbdulMalik Olalekan.
Page No : 235-246
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Crypto-Enabled Espionage: The Growing Threat to National Security.
Abstract
This paper examines the growing threat of crypto-enabled espionage and its impact on national security. The research addresses the central question how cryptocurrencies facilitate espionage, and what are the implications for national security. Using a qualitative approach, the study draws on existing literature, case studies, and intelligence reports to explore how cryptocurrencies are increasingly being leveraged by state and non-state actors for covert operations. The findings reveal that the key features of cryptocurrencies—such as anonymity, decentralization, and the lack of regulation make them highly attractive to espionage actors. Specific cases, including the use of cryptocurrencies by North Korean and Russian state sponsored espionage networks, demonstrate how these actors bypass financial surveillance systems. The study concludes that while cryptocurrencies offer significant advantages for espionage, they pose severe challenges for national security agencies, especially in terms of monitoring and preventing illicit activities. To address these threats, stronger international cooperation, regulatory reforms, and advancements in blockchain surveillance technology are necessary. The paper recommends further research into counterintelligence strategies that incorporate blockchain technology and artificial intelligence for monitoring crypto-enabled espionage.
Keywords: Crypto-Enabled Espionage, Cryptocurrency, Blockchain, National Security, Decentralization, Cyber Warfare
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Author(s):
Deborah Anderson Dennis, Elliot A. Sibiri.
Page No : 247-272
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Social Determinants of Health-Seeking Behaviour among Street Children in Yenagoa City, Bayelsa State.
Abstract
One of the goals of the National Health System is to provide access to health services for vulnerable groups such as street children, as they have a higher probability of experiencing health-related problems. Whereas studies on street children vary, very few studies address social factors associated with the health-seeking behaviour of street children. This study, therefore, examined the social determinants and implications of health-seeking behaviour among street children in Yenagoa Bayelsa State. The Health Belief Model and Andersen Healthcare Utilization Model were the framework, while a mixed research design was employed. Yenagoa City was purposively selected for the study because it is the state capital, hence it is home to a great number of street children. 384 respondents were selected using Abrahamson and Gahlinger’s sample size determination formula. Accidental sampling technique was used to administer a structured questionnaire to respondents. Five Key Informant Interviews were conducted with staff from the Ministry of Women Affairs and Synergy-Care Development Initiative (SDI). Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and correlation at p≤0.05, while the qualitative data were content-analysed. The average age of the respondents was 14 years. Findings revealed that headaches, malaria, fever/common colds, cough/chest pain, chicken pox, head worms/lice, and STDs are the main diseases commonly associated with street children. Most street children preferred traditional medicine and self-medication as their treatment pathways. The study concluded that age, area of residence, relationship status, father’s current occupation and level of education all had significant influences on health seeking behaviours of street children. Tailored intervention programs and financial support were some of the recommendations made.
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Author(s):
Nonye Benedeth Ezeaka (Ph.D.), Ewetuobi Esther Ifedilichukwu.
Page No : 273-282
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Influence of WhatsApp Online Phishing Messages on Data Security among Undergraduates in Anambra State.
Abstract
Due to the widespread sharing of phishing emails on Whatsapp, university students face a high risk of data breeches. This study examines the impact of WhatsApp phishing messages on data security among students at Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Igbariam, Anambra State. The research collected survey data from 375 students out of 17,055 based on their population and adopted Social Cognitive Theory as the theoretical framework. The findings indicate that most students are aware of these phishing messages, with scam emails and fake login pages being the most common forms. Additionally, most students believe these messages threaten their data security. The study suggests holding regular educational campaigns to address this problem. This study sheds light on the alarming risks of online phishing, revealing the vulnerabilities that university students face everyday. The study aims to educate, empower, and protect students from cyber threats, fostering a safer digital campus community.
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Author(s):
Adams Sesan John, Fagbohunka Adejompo.
Page No : 292-303
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Assessment of Urban Redevelopment Programme in Ondo Town, Ondo State, Nigeria.
Abstract
Diverse problems abound in Ondo town, such as slums, flood, dilapidated buildings, and poor road network; consequently, urban redevelopment programme was introduced by the government to address these problems. This study therefore, aimed at assessing urban redevelopment programme in Ondo town, Ondo State, Nigeria.
The sample for the study was chosen through a multi-stage sampling. In the first stage, 7 political wards were purposively selected from a total of 12 wards. The second stage involved selection of 3 wards out of the prior 7, being the wards where urban redevelopment programme took place. Thereafter, Taro Yamane Sample Size Calculation was adopted to arrive at 399 out of the total population of 115,000. Secondary data were sourced not only through textbooks, journals, and internet but also from National Population Commission, where the three selected wards population projection figure for year 2021 was obtained.
The research has revealed that urban redevelopment took place in Ondo town; especially redevelopment of drainage canals, road expansions, and construction of roundabouts were extensively carried out amongst others. The findings revealed public/private partnership efforts in urban redevelopment of Ondo town. Also, bulldozing and rehabilitation approaches were adopted in the urban redevelopment of Ondo town. The study further showed that urban redevelopment has contributed significantly in boosting the socio-economic development of the town. The research has also revealed the negative consequences of urban redevelopment in form of demolition of structures which posed hardships to the occupants. The hypothesis was tested at 0.05 level of significance. The Chi-square test indicated that the nature of urban redevelopment programme in Ondo town is not significantly responsible for socio-economic development in Ondo town (X2 = 11.32, P > 0.05.
The study concluded that redevelopment programme should be further encouraged and strengthened for positive transformation of Ondo town.
Keywords: Bulldozing approach, neighbourhood, Ondo town, programme, rehabilitation approach, urban redevelopment
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Author(s):
Rose-Danielle Ngoumou, Yves Bertrand Djouda Feudjio.
Page No : 304-310
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The Social Representations of Rare Diseases in Cameroon: A Descriptive Phenomenological Study of Ten Mothers of Children Suffering from a Rare Disease in Yaounde.
Abstract
Rare diseases (RD) are challenging complexe and sometimes novel health events that give rise to numerous interpretations in society. RDs have very low prevalence and the majority do not have treatments. They are chronic, debilitating and may lead to premature dead. Moreover, most of these diseases do not have specific names in many cultural lexicology making them to be viewed as abnormal phenomenon. In many cultural areas, a normal disease is one that is known, mastered and especially treatable; when a disease is resistant and persists despite actions engaged to manage it, like RDs it becomes mysterious and suspicious. The aim of this paper is to describe the social representations of RDs in Cameroon. In this light, data presented here were obtained by applying a qualitative inquiry method which allowed us to explore in-depth descriptions, explanations and narrations of the experience of mothers who have children suffering from a RD. Thirty (30) mothers were met in Yaounde and Douala through a patients’ organization and they were selected using a non-probability (purposive) sampling from November to December 2021. The theory of social representations was utilized (Jodelet) to determine the genesis of knowledge constructed on RDs in Cameroonian context.
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Author(s):
Daniel Precious Godwin, Ekpo Eno Nnamdie, Umoh Victor Nsinam, Thompson Henshaw Okon, Emmanuel Inokotong.
Page No : 311-320
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Corruption in Healthcare Delivery and its Impact on Economic Development in Akwa Ibom State.
Abstract
This research delves into the intricate relationship between corruption in healthcare delivery and its impact on economic development in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Drawing on a mixed-methods research approach, the study explores the multifaceted dimensions of corruption, including embezzlement, bribery, and nepotism, affecting the healthcare sector. Population of the study was made up of farmers, students, civil servants, businessmen, applicants, artisans, self-employed, contractors, religious leaders, politicians, etc. and were drawn from three (3) Local Government Areas sampled from the three (3) Senatorial Districts of Akwa Ibom State between ages 15-64. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire designed by the researcher and relevant government agencies, political parties, and civil society organizations. Statistical tools used to analyze the quantitative data was Chi-Square, while thematic analysis was applied to qualitative information. Findings reveal a significant link between corruption and compromised healthcare quality, unequal access, and overall hindered economic development. The study recommends targeted interventions, including enhanced transparency, capacity building, community engagement, legal reforms, and investments in healthcare infrastructure. These recommendations aim to address the root causes of corruption and foster a culture of integrity, thereby promoting sustainable economic development in Akwa Ibom State.
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Author(s):
Ekpo Eno Nnamdie, Umoh Victor Nsinam, Daniel Precious Godwin, Thompson Henshaw Okon, Emmanuel Inokotong.
Page No : 321-332
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Violence and its Implications on Educational and Infrastructural Development of Ini Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State.
Abstract
This study investigated the “Impact of Violence on Education and Infrastructural Development in Ini Local Government Area.” The study was guided by two research questions and two null hypotheses. The study employed a descriptive survey design. The population of the study was 99,196 made up of 52,644 males and 46,552 females (NPC, 2006). This represents the population in the 27 communities in Ini Local Government Area. A sample of 384 participants was determined using Taro Yamane. Thereafter, cluster and simple random sampling technique was used to select respondents from each stratum. A total of 350 participants returned their instrument correctly. The instrument was face validated by research experts in the University of Uyo. The reliability coefficient using Cronbach’s Alpha stood at .88. The data collated was analysed using simple linear regression. The findings revealed that there is a significant impact of violence on the educational and infrastructural development in Ini LGA. On the basis of the findings, it was recommended among others that increased collaboration between the local government, law enforcement agencies, and community-based organizations to enhance security and maintain public order.
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Author(s):
Joseph Akam Mpuon, Eko Hodo Anna, Maurice Efiom Eyo, Nkebem Orok Edet, Happiness Sunday Akam.
Page No : 333-354
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Supply Chain Channel Conflict Management and Marketing Performance of Agricultural Products Firms.
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between supply chain channel conflict management and marketing performance of agricultural products firms in Nigeria. Despite the increased in supply chain channel management conflict literature and the development of the nation’s agricultural industry, there seem to be few empirical researches on supply chain channel conflict management as they relate to marketing performance of agricultural products’ firms. Particularly, it appears like only few studies have taken in to consideration the performance improvement of supply chain channel conflict management on marketing efficacy within the agricultural industry in Nigeria. The lack of literature by scholars with respect to supply chain channel conflict management in the context of Nigerian agricultural industry to resolve conflict among channel members could properly be the root cause of ineffective marketing performance of agricultural products’ firms. On the basis of this limitation, the researchers therefore, sought to discuss this lacuna, thereby bridging acknowledge gap. Based on the objective of the study, a systematic survey was utilized to obtain information from 276 management staff of agricultural product enterprises. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The results demonstrated that supply chain channel conflicts management has a significant relationship with marketing performance of agricultural products firms. It was concluded that supply chain managers should develop adequate supply chain channel conflict management techniques in order to enhance their marketing performance.
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Author(s):
Ibekwe Emmanuel Chidi.
Page No : 355-365
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Evolving Globalization: An Appraisal of Technological Advancements in Labour Arbitration.
Abstract
This paper aims to establish how advanced technology has impacted on labour arbitration particularly by analysing how digital solutions and conduct of hearings using technological devices has impacted on the dispute resolution processes. The present research question aims to explore the impact technological developments on efficiency and open realisation of labour arbitration. The study adopts a qualitative approach and analyses recent scholarly works and case studies on virtual platforms, AI, and data analytics in labour arbitration. The research evidence indicates that even as efficiency has increased through the use of technology, new concerns on the use of technology, special attention to those who are excluded from technology, and protection of their data, and fairness in the processes catalyzed by technology emerge. Thus, conclusions necessary to maintain labour arbitration systems as both innovative and equitable, call for policies that will encourage further advancements. Lastly, the paper provides policy, employer, and arbitrator implications for these emerging changes
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Author(s):
Ibekwe Emmanuel Chidi.
Page No : 366-374
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An X-ray into Gender Discrimination Cases in Labour Arbitration.
Abstract
This paper examines gender discrimination cases in labour arbitration, exploring the systemic challenges and effectiveness of arbitration in resolving workplace disputes. The research aims to investigate how gender biases influence arbitration outcomes and whether the process adequately addresses gender-based disparities in employment decisions. Using a qualitative approach, this study analyzes a sample of gender discrimination arbitration cases across multiple industries. The main findings reveal that while arbitration can resolve disputes, there are notable gaps, particularly regarding the representation of female claimants and the understanding of gender-related issues by arbitrators. The paper concludes that although labour arbitration offers a faster alternative to litigation, it is not immune to gender bias and calls for policy changes to enhance its fairness. Future research could focus on comparative analyses between arbitration and litigation outcomes in gender discrimination cases.
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Author(s):
Nonye Benedeth Ezeaka (Ph.D.).
Page No : 375-387
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Twitter and Fake News: Implications for National Security in Nigeria.
Abstract
The emergence of new social media platforms such as Twitter has revolutionized the means of communication and dissemination, providing unprecedented networking avenues for immediate news spread. But, this ease has also increased fake news spreading which is a concern, faced by many nations including Nigeria. Fake news that simply deceives, suppresses facts relevant to political life or spread information intended only to harm, having a direct impact on national security. For Nigeria, a country rich in ethnic, religious and political prejudice, the effects of fake news can go as far as inciting violence destroying the social fabric or even causing instability. This study, investigated the prevalence, characteristics and consequences of fake news on Twitter during critical events in Nigeria, using a qualitative methodology to understand how false information is spread and what potential threat it posses to national security. The paper uses secondary data from the extant literature and Twitter-Archive for investigating how fake news spreads, consequently shaping public opinion, damaging social solidarity and threatening national security. It also lists the top drivers of misinformation in Nigeria - including poor media literacy, political divisiveness and over-dependence on social media as sources of news. It also put forward solutions to address the risks posed by this kind of content on Twitter including government legislation, fact-checking mechanisms, media literacy initiatives and consumer take-backs between social media giants-civil society-government. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex relationship between Twitter, fake news and national security in Nigeria, highlighting the urgent need for proactive measures to protect the country's stability and well-being .
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Author(s):
Rilwanu Sani Mohammed.
Page No : 388-401
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Building a Culture of Maintenance: Strategies for Addressing Office Machine Challenges in Polytechnics.
Abstract
This research study was undertaken to investigate the various challenges faced by staff in maintaining office machines, which are critical to the smooth operation of modern workplaces. The study involved a thorough review of existing literature, encompassing both published and unpublished works, to examine the wide array of issues related to the maintenance of office equipment. To gather empirical data, a structured questionnaire comprising 15 items was developed to address three specific research questions. This questionnaire was administered to a sample of 35 staff members from selected polytechnics in the North Western Zone. The data collected from the responses were systematically analyzed using the mean method, in accordance with a 5-point Likert-type rating scale. The findings were organized and presented in well-structured tables to facilitate understanding and interpretation. The analysis highlighted that one of the most effective measures staff can adopt to prevent breakdowns of office machines is to have a comprehensive understanding of contemporary office equipment and their maintenance needs. Furthermore, the results revealed that a significant contributing factor to the frequent breakdown of these machines is the lack of proactive organizational decisions and comprehensive maintenance policies. Additionally, a marked disinterest in identifying the root causes of equipment failures further exacerbates the challenges faced by staff. Based on these findings, this study recommends that organizations implement a series of conferences, workshops, and training sessions focused on maintenance best practices. Such initiatives would serve to enhance awareness among staff about effective strategies for prolonging the lifespan of office machines. Furthermore, by fostering a culture of proactive maintenance, organizations can significantly reduce their maintenance costs and improve operational efficiency.
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Author(s):
Solomon Okechukwu Nnamani, Solomon Makanjuola Mepaiyeda (Ph.D.), Adebayo Ola Afolaranmi (Ph.D.).
Page No : 402-415
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Missiological Response to the Resurgence of Odo Masquerade Cult among the Indigenous People of Isu Eha-Amufu in Isi Uzo Local Government Area of Enugu State.
Abstract
Scholars have worked on the impact of the Odo Masquerade cult amongst the people of the Northern part of Igbo land. However the indigenous people of Isu – Eha Amufu in Isi uzo Local Government Area of Enugu in their own case are in two divides either for absolute abolishment or the resonance of the masquerade cult as part of their heritage. This paper presented a missiological response to the resurgence of Odo masquerade after several decades of its abolishment in Isu Eha – Amufu and based on content analysis of related documents and important ethnographic information through interactions and oral interviews, the study observed that conflicts of position as it related to the masquerade cult is both a positive and logical explanation of cultural change believed to foster development. The finding show that those who believed in Odo Masquerade cult took the position that it is a cultural practice that united the people, established justice and connected them with their ancestors, while some hold the view that men hide under the masquerade cult to perpetrate cancerous scourges that intimidated, manipulated or deceived and plunged the people into darkness and wickedness, promoting killings and backwardness and coupled with the economic challenge and wastage led to its abolishment. Concluding as it were is the fact that all human institution presents both positive and negative sides, therefore the paper recommended the replacement of this cultural institution with some carnivals to accommodate social, economic and tourist activities in the community geared towards the promotion of equity and the maintenance of social order, spiritual and economic development amongst all strata of life in the community.
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Author(s):
Ogbolo Kingsley Binaebi, Ita Ifiaobebh Agnes.
Page No : 416-428
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Whistle-Blowing and Organisational Accountability of Selected Bayelsa State-Owned Universities.
Abstract
This study focused on examining the nature of whistle blowing as a tool to improve ethical conduct among academic staff at the Selected Bayelsa State owned universities. The act of fraud, corrupt practices, sexual harassment and other negative vices in the human society can be found in the civil service, manufacturing industry, and even in the education sector. Universities have recorded different kinds of fraud at the management level and from lecturers. Two objectives was drawn in this study; 1, to analyze the relationship between internal whistle blowing and organizational accountability at the Selected Bayelsa State owned universities and 2, to identify the relationship between external whistle blowing and organizational accountability at the Selected Bayelsa State owned universities. The population of this study is 296 teaching staff of two selected Bayelsa state owned universities. With the use of Taro Yemane formula, the sample size of this study was calculated as 131 staff of the selected Bayelsa State owned universities. , the descriptive analyses presents that the respondents have a positive view on the importance of whistle blowing to organizational accountability yet they have reservations on the need to engage in it. It was deduced that the internal act of whistle blowing is best for an organization in comparison to external act due to the damage it can cause an organization. One of the recommendations given by the researchers is that, the management of universities should continually stress that the act of whistleblowing should not be for personal gains and interests but to uphold a high level ethical principle that is expected of every staff in an important sector such as the education sector.
