| 1 |
Author(s):
Adamu Danbaba , Jelten B. Naphthali, Adamu A. Hamidu.
Page No : 1-10
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Degree of Homogeneity of Finite Transitive Extension Permutation Groups with Emphasis on Socle.
Abstract
Finite transitive groups could be extended through points, lines or block as such geometric constructions were motivated through the concept of the Steiner system. The transitive extension of finite groups indicated the degree of homogeneity either by the partitioning of the groups or observing the orbits. We employed a different approach to the previous work carried out.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Adejumo Oluwasegun Agbailu.
Page No : 11-30
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Impact of Foreign Direct Investment from Multinational Corporations on Economic Growth in Nigeria (2015-2022): Evidence from Autoregressive Distributed Lag and Vector Error Models.
Abstract
The paper provides a comprehensive cointegration analysis of the FDI inflows and economic growth in Nigeria by assessing the economic relationship between the FDI inflows, the real GDP, Inflation rate and Unemployment rate between the periods 2015 to 2022 (representing the administration of Former President Buhari). All the utilized data were sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Annual Bulletin except for Unemployment rate which was sourced from National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) Labor Force Report 2022. The data comprised of time series variables namely FDI inflows, real GDP, Inflation Rate and Unemployment Rate of Nigeria. The data were quarterly time series and cover the periods of 2015 to 2022. Different analysis methods such as descriptive analysis (i.e. time series plots and summary statistics), the Mann-Kendall trend test, Johansen cointegration test, Augmented Dickey–Fuller (ADF) stationarity test, Granger causality test, autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model and variance decomposition analysis (VDA) were employed. The empirical findings from the Mann-Kendall test results revealed significant decreasing trend in the FDI inflows. The findings infer MNCs investment in the country significantly dropped over the period. Furthermore, empirical findings from the Johansen cointegration results affirmed significant cointegration (i.e. causal relationship) between at most three (3) of the considered variables. Specifically, the Granger Causality results found the FDI inflows to significantly granger-cause (i.e. economically impact) the real GDP and vice versa, the unemployment rate to significantly granger-cause the RGDP and the FDI inflow, as well as FDI inflows to significantly granger-cause inflation rate. Consequently, empirical findings from the ARDL and VDA analysis significantly established long-run causal relationship between FDI inflows and RGDP (the economy growth). Explicitly, the results found the FDI to significantly negatively impact the RGDP both in the short-run and long-run. As well as, the RGDP was found to significantly negatively impact the FDI inflow both in short-run and long-run. Thus, the study concludes FDI inflows in Nigeria have been poor and not been encouraging over the years and consequently the FDI had demonstrated to significantly and negatively impact the economy growth of the country in short-run and long-run. The study therefore recommends that the current government of President Bola Ahmed Tinubu should direct more investment into agricultural production, build road networks as well as improve transportation system in order to ensure significant drop in inflation in order to boost the productive capacity of MNCs investors, so that more direct foreign investors can come into the country.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Ajijola Olawale Olaonipekun.
Page No : 31-46
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Analysis of Transverse Displacement and Rotation Under Moving Load of Prestressed Damped Shear Beam Resting on Vlasov Foundation.
Abstract
This study examines the transverse displacement and rotation of a prestressed damped shear beam supported by a Vlasov foundation when subjected to a moving load traveling at a constant velocity. The governing equations are expressed as coupled second-order partial differential equations. To simplify these equations, the finite Fourier series method was employed, transforming the coupled second-order partial differential equations into a sequence of coupled second-order ordinary differential equations. Subsequently, the simplified equations that describe the motion of the beam-load system were solved using Laplace transformation in conjunction with convolution theory to obtain the solutions. The effects of some pertinent structural parameters on the transverse displacement and rotation of a prestressed shear beam when under the moving load were illustrated in graphs. Notably, the graphs indicate that an increase in these pertinent structural parameters reduces the transverse displacement and rotation of a prestressed shear beam when subjected to the moving load. From a practical standpoint, increase in the values of these structural parameters significantly enhances the stability of the beam and increases the critical speed of the dynamic system, thereby minimizing the risk of resonance and ensuring the safety of the structure's occupants.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Nwanya Julius C., Udo Edidiong J..
Page No : 47-59
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A Survey on Perception, Knowledge and Use of Contraceptives among Females in Ikot Abasi, Akwa Ibom State.
Abstract
The rate of unwanted pregnancies and maternal morbidity can be significantly reduced by the use of various forms of contraception. This study assesses the perception, knowledge and use of contraceptives among women in Ikot Abasi local government area of Akwa Ibom State. A pre-tested, structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was the tool for data collection and multi-staged sampling technique was used to select 512 females of reproductive age from the five clans of Ikot Abasi. The method of multinomial logistic regression were used to determine the contraceptive methods and determinants of contraceptive use while the Chi-Square test were applied to determine the perception of contraception. The results revealed that about 97% of the women have knowledge about contraceptives and their major source of information about contraceptives were from their friends/relatives which account for about (37%). Women in the age category 33 – 38, M.Sc/Ph.D level of education and income earners of more than ₦100,000 per month have high relative risk ratio of contraceptive use of 3.90, 2.48 and 3.32 respectively. Finally, Age group, level of education, level of income per month and relationship status were discovered to be the main determinants of contraceptives use among women in Ikot Abasi.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Idochi Okenwe, Isaac Didi Essi, Anthony Ike Wegbom.
Page No : 60-69
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The Impact of Marriage Contract Type on Divorce Likelihood: Evidence from Rivers State, Nigeria.
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of marriage contract type (Statutory and Customary) on divorce likelihood in Rivers State, Nigeria. Data consisting of Demographic, Socio-economic and Treatment related variables were collected from Judiciary High court and Customary court for a period of 10 years for the analysis. The Factors estimated using survival analysis techniques were; Age at Marriage of Husband and Wife, Presence of Children, Duration of Marriage, Employment Status of Husband and Wife, Educational Level of Husband and Wife, Number of Counseling Sessions and Court Sittings attended, as well as marriage type. The Cox PH model revealed that marriage type does not influence the rate of divorce among couple in Rivers State. For Statutory marriage, significant determinants of divorce includes: duration of marriage (p = 0.000), employment status of husband (p = 0.028), and Presence of children (p = 0.045). For Customary marriage, significant determinants of divorce includes: presence of children (p = 0.018), and number of Court Sittings (p = 2.83e-06). Ironically, the result revealed that the presence of children increases the risk of statutory marriage divorce by 72% and reduces the risk of customary marriage divorce by 41%. The findings of this study using Pearson chi-square test for independence between the two types of marriage showed that chi-square statistic value χ2 = 0.0066 and the p-value = 0.936, indicates that divorce is independent of type of marriage contracted. This means that there is no relationship between the type of marriage contracted in Rivers State and the likelihood of divorce. Overall, this study contributed to the understanding of divorce likelihood in Nigeria, highlighting the complexity of factors influencing marital stability. The study thereby recommended among others that policy makers should focus on addressing socio-economic factors influencing marital stability.
| 6 |
Author(s):
Junaidu Hanafi, Jibrin Helma Mbaya.
Page No : 70-76
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Mathematical Modelling of Single Phase Gas Flow in a Pipeline Using Flux Vector Splitting Method.
Abstract
Pipe transportation is the process of sending liquid to end users from production point. Many works on pipeline transportation has been in existing for decade but most of the works were concerned with the transportation without giving regard to problem encountered during the transportation. In Nigeria transportation of gas was done through tankers because the use of pipeline has not been used in the gas distributions. This institutional based research proposal will shade more light on pipeline transportation its importance and problems associated with it. In considering the problems a one-dimensional homogeneous model which represents a system of partial differential equations to describe mathematically the transient gas flows in a pipe. The governing equation was solved using Implicit Steger-Warming flux vector splitting method. The method has the capability of taken care of any flow that involves propagation especially pipe flow system. The result of this work will served as a way forward for implementing gas transportation in Nigeria and in due course Zamfara since it is a mineral resource producing state, it is hope that there will be time gas reservoir will be discovered in the state.
| 7 |
Author(s):
I. O. Akalagboro, C. O. Aronu, L. S. Mark.
Page No : 77-83
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Comparative Analysis of Fréchet Distribution Variants: Parameter Estimation and Model Performance Evaluation.
Abstract
This study presents a comparative analysis of six Fréchet distribution variants: Kumaraswamy Fréchet (KF), Exponentiated Fréchet (EF), Beta Fréchet (BF), Gamma Extended Fréchet (GExF), Odd Lomax Fréchet (OLxF), and the standard Fréchet (F) focusing on their structural properties, parameter estimation, and model performance. These distributions, characterized by varying levels of complexity and flexibility, are particularly effective for modelling extreme values and heavy tails, crucial in fields like econometrics and reliability analysis. Differences in Probability Density Functions (PDFs) reveal the enhanced adaptability of BF and GExF variants, attributed to their additional beta and gamma components. The models were applied to three datasets: Jobs made of Iron Sheets, Airborne Communication Transceiver Repairs, and Tax Revenue. The performance of the distributions under study was evaluated using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). The finding showed that the standard Fréchet distribution consistently outperformed its variants, achieving the lowest AIC and BIC values across datasets, indicating a superior balance of simplicity and adaptability. EF and KF variants demonstrated competitive performance but lacked the robustness of the standard Fréchet model, while OLxF and GExF showed higher AIC and BIC values due to potential over-parameterization. This study underscores the importance of aligning model complexity with dataset characteristics and highlights the standard Fréchet distribution as a versatile choice for analyzing extreme data.
| 8 |
Author(s):
Idochi Okenwe, Isaac Didi Essi, Anthony Ike Wegbom.
Page No : 84-96
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Comparison Between Cox and Weibull Survival Models in Estimating the Determinants of Divorce in Rivers State, Nigeria.
Abstract
This study examined the comparison between Cox and Weibull survival models in estimating the determinants of divorce in Rivers State, Nigeria. Data consisting of Demographic, Socio-economic and Treatment related variables were collected from Judiciary High court for a period of 10 years for the analysis. The Factors estimated were; Age at Marriage of Husband and Wife, Presence of Children, Duration of Marriage, Employment Status of Husband and Wife, Educational Level of Husband and Wife, Number of Counselling Sessions and Court Sittings attended. Cox proportional Hazard (Semi-parametric) and Weibull (Parametric) regression models were compared for a better fit in estimating the determinants of the risk of divorce among couples, using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). The result showed that Cox proportional hazards regression model performed better than Weibull regression model with a difference of 44.5 AIC value lower than that of the Weibull model. Hence, Cox PH model revealed that, of all the factors estimated; Employment Status of husband, Presence of children and Duration of marriage had significant effect on the risk of divorce. Specifically, Employment status of husband and Duration of marriage reduced the risk of statutory marriage divorce by 3% and 41% respectfully, while Presence of children in statutory marriage increased the risk of divorce by 72%. The study thereby recommended among others that the husband, who is the head of the family, should strive, struggle, engage and explore legitimate and genuine jobs or businesses to be able to provide the immediate needs of his family, because the marriage of a jobless and idle husband is always at the risk of divorce.
| 9 |
Author(s):
Shammah Sunday Kpanja, Madaki Atama Alhamdu.
Page No : 97-112
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Analysis of a Production Inventory Model with Linear Time Production Rate, Holding Cost and Stock Dependent Demand.
Abstract
This paper focused on the analysis of a production inventory where the production rate and holding cost are linearly dependent, while the demand is stock dependent demand rate. The production inventory model is formulated using system of differential equations and integral calculus including initial boundary/matching conditions and integral calculus were also used to analyse the inventory problem. These differential equations were solved to give the best cycle length that will minimize the inventory cost per unit time. A Mathematical theorem and all its proof is presented to established the convexity of the cost function. A numerical example is also given to demonstrate the applicability of the model developed accompanied by sensitivity analysis to see the effects of the parameter changes.
| 10 |
Author(s):
A. J. Adjekukor, C. O. Aronu.
Page No : 113-126
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Assessing the Robustness of Ordinary Least Squares and Double Weighted M-Estimation Methods for Predicting Crude Oil Prices in Nigeria: A Study of Predictive Accuracy and Generalization.
Abstract
This study evaluates the robustness of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Double Weighted M-Estimation (DWME) methods for predicting crude oil prices in Nigeria, focusing on predictive accuracy and generalization. Using 192 monthly data points (2006–2021) from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC), the dataset included crude oil prices, production, crude oil production, and exchange rates, with synthetic datasets simulated via multivariate normal distribution for varying dimensions (n = 10 to 1,000). The performance measures such as Mean Squared Error (MSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and R-squared were assessed. Results showed comparable MSE values for training data, with OLS_TRAIN ranging from 172.85 to 694.56 and DWME_TRAIN from 173.03 to 699.27. Testing data revealed DWME's marginal superiority, with slightly lower MSE (e.g., DWME_TEST median 548.68 vs. OLS_TEST median 543.85). MAE trends indicated consistency for both methods, with DWME showing marginally better stability across dimensions. R-squared values highlighted improved generalization for smaller datasets, with DWME_TEST peaking at 0.7043 and OLS_TEST at 0.7544 for the 10x3 dimension. Both methods struggled with generalization as dimensions increased but exhibited stable training performance. In conclusion, DWME demonstrated slightly better robustness, especially in testing scenarios, affirming its suitability for predictive tasks involving economic and energy-related variables.
| 11 |
Author(s):
Durowade Adeyemi Nathaniel, Ajayi Gbenga Johnson, Ayobami Samuel O..
Page No : 127-138
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A Study of Factors Associated with Emotional Violence in Kenya.
Abstract
Emotional abuse refers to a pattern of behaviour where one person seeks to control, manipulate, and dominate another person, often causing emotional harm and trauma. It is committed more frequently against women. The repeated occurrence of this in Kenya necessitated the conduct of this research work on the factors associated with emotional violence in the country. A total of 8444 respondents were considered in this study. We employed binary logistic, probit, and complementary-log log regression on the retrieved data. The data were collected from the Kenya Demographic Health Survey (KDHS) via their website. Emotional violence has been identified as one of the most prevalent form of violence against women globally (WHO, 2013). On average, Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) affects about 47% of the Kenya population. This study aimed to model some risk factors influencing emotional violence in Kenya and the investigation was carried out by observing the extent to which selected covariates such as number of other wives, number of children under the age of five , age at first marriage, partner’s age, education status, husband living in the house, husband’s smoking habit, marital duration, spending decision, number of sexual partner(s), husband’s jealousy, accusation from husband, money trust and partner’s ten-year age difference influence emotional violence. The result of the research work ascertained that “accusation from husband” is the factor which has the most significant impact on emotional violence.
| 12 |
Author(s):
S. A. Jimoh, T. O. Awodola, B. B. Awe, Okoubi Elizabeth.
Page No : 139-158
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Modelling Dynamic Responses of Clamped Non-Uniformly Prestressed Bernoulli-Euler Beams on Variable Elastic Foundations.
Abstract
This paper examines the dynamic response of a non-uniformly prestressed Bernoulli-Euler beam with clamped-clamped boundary conditions, resting on a variable bi-parametric foundation. The governing equation is a fourth-order partial differential equation with variable and singular coefficients. The primary objective is to derive an analytical solution for this class of dynamic problems. To achieve this, the Galerkin method is applied, utilizing a series representation of the Heaviside function to reduce the equation to a system of second-order ordinary differential equations with variable coefficients. These reduced equations are further simplified using two approaches: (i) the Laplace transform technique, combined with convolution theory, to address problems involving moving forces, and (ii) finite element analysis, integrated with the Newmark method, to solve analytically intractable moving mass problems with harmonic behaviour.
We begin by solving the moving force problem using the finite element method and validate its accuracy by comparing the results with analytical solutions. The numerical solution obtained from the finite element analysis demonstrates strong agreement with the analytical solution, confirming the method’s reliability for tackling more complex moving mass problems that lack closed-form solutions. Finally, we generate displacement response curves for both moving distributed force and moving mass models at different time instances t, providing a comprehensive representation of the system's dynamic behaviour.
| 13 |
Author(s):
Imasuen Kennedy (Ph.D.), George Obed Samuel.
Page No : 159-166
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A Comparative Analysis of Bootstrap and Maximum Likelihood Estimation Methods for Assessing Reliability Index.
Abstract
This study compares bootstrap and maximum likelihood estimation methods for assessing the reliability index using scores from the 2022 National Business and Technical Examination Board (NABTEB) Economics examination. Cronbach's Alpha reliability statistic was applied across various sample sizes (50, 100, 200, 500, 1000, and greater than 1000) to assess measurement reliability. Five confidence interval (CI) estimation methods were utilized: Wald, Profile Likelihood, Bootstrap Percentile, Bias-Corrected and Accelerated (BCa), and Studentized. Findings reveal that SE decreases as sample size increases, demonstrating greater precision with larger samples. The Wald confidence interval, though effective for large samples, proved unreliable for small ones due to its assumption of normality. The Profile Likelihood confidence interval, slightly wider than the Wald confidence interval, better accounted for non-normality. The Bootstrap Percentile confidence interval, a nonparametric approach, provided robust estimates when population distribution assumptions were violated. The BCa method improved accuracy by adjusting for bias and skewness, while the Studentized confidence interval offered conservative estimates, accounting for sample variability. Reliability estimates also increased with sample size. It was therefore recommended that for large samples, use Wald CI; for small samples or skewed data, opt for Profile Likelihood or Bootstrap CIs.
| 14 |
Author(s):
Encho Leo Tanyam, Okolo Abraham, Ayendoh Terrence Sama, O. C. Asogwa.
Page No : 167-186
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Queuing Theory and its Application to the Optimum Number of ATM Machines Needed to Reduce Waiting Time of Customers in the Queue.
Abstract
Time spent by customers to access a service from banks with single ATM facility is increasingly a major source of concern and justification on the rationale of such waiting. This also imposes a potential threat to customers’ services. In Cameroon, most commercial banks having a single ATM machine with large number of customers have cases where customers may not be attended to on time. The consequences of keeping customers in a queue for too long in order to get service can seriously affect business growth. In this study, the single server queuing models was used to analyze service efficiency of the Credit Communautaire D'Afrique (Community Credit of Africa) (CCA) bank at commercial Avenue Bamenda, Cameroon. Primary data was collected through observation and questionnaire methods at the bank over a ten days period to determine how to minimize the waiting time, expected service time, inter-arrival time and traffic intensity of customers in a queue. An M/M/1 method was considered where the arrival and service time of the customer were both exponentially distributed and with the implementation of a first come first serve. The result showed that increasing the number of ATM machines will reduce the waiting time of customers, overutilization of ATM and provide an optimal satisfaction of customers.
| 15 |
Author(s):
Hamidu A. Adamu, Jeltene B. Naphtali, Mohammad S. Audu.
Page No : 187-197
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Computation of Regular Transitive p-Groups of Order p^n for n>1.
Abstract
Regular elementary group of order a power of primes were computed in regard to suitable algorithms underlined. These was achieved in respct to the designated GAP computation. It was observed that such groups had abelian centralizer and non trivial. The prime order of the groups were for p=5 and p=11. Further the ismorphism classes of such groups were determined upto the order.
| 16 |
Author(s):
Peter Chimwanda, Edwin Rupi.
Page No : 198-208
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Scales of Measurement: A Demystification of the Ordinal Scale
Abstract
The Ordinal scale of measurement is not understood by many researchers, especially in the social and business fraternities. The thinking that coding values of ordinal scale variables converts data from being qualitative into being quantitative is held by these researchers. A sample of randomly selected articles on factors affecting students’ academic performance is studied to establish how ordinal level variables are analyzed. Results show that the greater part of researchers do not know that, although it is correct that where there is quantity there is number, the converse is incorrect. Parametric techniques dominate in the analysis of ordinal data. Scenarios are forwarded for purposes of sending home the message of differentiating when number is quantity and when it is not. Techniques that are designed for the analysis of ordinal data are then shared.
| 17 |
Author(s):
Ayodele Olakiitan Owolanke, Obarhua Friday Oghenerukevwe, Olushola C. Akeremale.
Page No : 209-219
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Solving Volterra Integro-Differential Equations of Fractional Order Using Perturbation Collocation Method.
Abstract
This paper is concerned with the formulation of a scheme via construction of Canonical with Shifted-Chebyshev Polynomials (SCP), for the direct solution of fractional order integro-differential equations (FIDEs). Perturbation collocation method (PCB) is the approximate method developed, to handle a special singular class of fractional multi-order Volterra type for approximation. The process involves the incorporation of perturbation variables otherwise known as parameters, to the given mathematical models under consideration. Systems of equations are evolved, and the embedded unknown constants are sought for.
